Klipovoye kufunga kana zivo, zvigadziriswa zvaro zvakatanga kubva kuma1980. muzana remakore rapfuura. Inyanzvi itsva ye digital, ruzivo rwakakura rwemashoko, rwakatungamirira kukuti ubongo hwemunhu hwakamanikidzwa kuti huenderane nekusanganiswa kuburikidza nokuumbwa kwerudzi rutsva rwekufunga.
Chikamu-pakufunga ndeye pfungwa
Klipovoye kufunga (kubva muChirungu chinyorwa - chidimbu, chidimbu chinobva mufirimu, chikamu, kubviswa kubva pepanhau) chinhu chinoonekwa nemunhu wemazuva ano uyo anonzwisisa zvinyorwa kuburikidza nehupfumi hwemashoko mashoma, mharidzo dzakapenya mumashoko ezvenhau neIndaneti. Iko shoko rokuti "clip-on thinking" rakaitika rini? Yokutanga kutaurwa se "chikamu chimiro" - chiitiko chinorondedzerwa mubhuku reAmerican futurologist E. Toffler "The Third Wave" sekusingaperi kwemashoko ezvikamu.
Zviratidzo zvekufungidzira-unyanzvi hwokufunga
Chinetso chechikwata-pakufunga chinotora kukura, chokwadi chinosuruvarisa ndechekuti kana munhu "akarasika" zvachose ari murenje, anokanganwa mafungiro uye kufungidzira zvakasununguka: "Sei, kana iwe ukakwanisa kukumbira Google?". Ziva munhu ane klypovostyu chizivo chinogona kuva pane zvinotevera:
- urombo hwomeso nekunzwa;
- kusavapo kwekunzwira tsitsi (tsitsi);
- kukurumidzira kutonga uye kuguma;
- runyoro rwemashoko, kutora mashoko kubva mafirimu, aphorisms, memes kubva kumagariro evanhu;
- matambudziko nekuyeuchidza.
Pros uye hana yekodhi-unyanzvi hwokufunga
Hazvina maturo kutaura kuti kuitika kwechikwata chekucherechedza kwakaipa, hazvibviri. Kune nguva dzose zvikonzero zvakanaka zvekubuda kwemhando ipi neipi yezvakaitika, uye nengozi yepikicha-kugadzira kufunga inokonzerwa nekusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvechiitiko chacho. Kuti unzwisise kuti chii chinofanira kutyiwa, uye chii chingave chakakosha pakusimba, zvinokosha kusimbisa zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvekanyora-unyanzvi hwokufunga:
- kumhanya kwekuita uye kubudirira mukuchinja kwakanyanya kuitika, paunenge uchiita zvisarudzo zvinokosha;
- kubudirira mu multitasking;
- fast switching of attention;
- kudzivirirwa kweuropi kubva pakuzara nehuwandu hwemashoko;
- kukura kweunyanzvi, kubatwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehuruzivo, chido chekuongorora nyika.
Cons:
- kuongororwa kwemashoko kunotsiviwa nekushandiswa kwayo, pasina "kugadzirisa";
- kunoderedzwa kutarisa kune rimwe basa (kunyatsofungisisa);
- kusava nekudzika kwakadzika kwezivo;
- kukanganisa kune simba reumwe munhu nekugadzirisa;
- kusuruvara kwekunzwisisa kwepfungwa - munguva yezvinyorwa zvisina kunaka (utsinye, hutsinye) hwemashoko ekuparadzira, psyche inodzivirirwa, uye kunzwa kwekunzwira tsitsi uye mutoro kunoderedzwa;
- mukutarisana nebasa rakaoma - kuvhiringidzika uye kusakwanisa kuzvigadzirisa.
Klipovoye uye pfungwa yekufunga
Klipovoye kufunga - chiitiko chemazuva ano chinowirirana zvakananga nenyika ye digital uye chibereko chevanhu vanogadziriswa mumazuva ano chaiwo. Klipovoe uye mafungiro ekufungidzira - zvose zviri zviviri zviripo kumunhu uye zvine zvinhu:
- Kufunga kwepfungwa kwakadzama, kupinda mukati mezvinyorwa, zvakagadzirwa nevanhu vechokwadi chaiyo (physics, mathematics). Klipovoye kana kupatsanurana kufunga - zvisingaiti, inhudziro yezvakagadzikana kufunga vanhu, mabhizinesi.
- Pfungwa yekufungidzira inononoka yekugadziriswa kwemashoko, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma achizadza, chikamu-pakufunga chinoratidzwa nekukurumidza kuona uye kuongororwa kwemashoko anouya.
Chikamu-pane kufunga mune vana
Klipovoye kufunga nezvevana vechikoro vemazuva ano - iyi dambudziko repasi rese, vadzidzisi vanoti. Vana vanoona zvakaoma kutaura zvido zvavo, havadi kuverenga nekuongorora, kunyora zvinyorwa uye kudzidza nhetembo nemoyo. Kuzviisa kwemashoko kubva kumudzidzisi kumudzidzi nguva dzose kune zvakananga mumuromo, nhasi, chikamu-pamusoro pekufunga kwevana vemazuva ano chinodzidzisa mudzidzisi mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu ekutumira mashoko. Kuti muve nehanya nevana, zvakakosha kuva nehurukuro-inogadziriswa mharidzo yezvidzidzo nehuwandu hwemashoko:
- mharidzo yakajeka;
- mifananidzo pahurukuro;
- memorable formulations.
Kukudziridza kufunga kwevana kuchabatsira:
- hurukuro pamusoro pechidzidzo chechidzidzo;
- kudzidziswa kwakakosha, kurovedza kutarisa pane rimwe basa, chinangwa, nyaya.
Kune vabereki ichave yakakosha:
- kupa vana kutarisisa (kufara pamwe chete);
- kukurudzira mwana kuti ataure zvakawanda, aratidze maonero ake pamitauro yakasiyana-siyana.
Nzira yekubvisa sei chikamu-unyanzvi hwokufunga?
Chii chinoitika kune vanhu pamwe chete nekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta yekunyora ruzivo uyewo danho rekushanduka-shanduka uye mhinduro yakakosha kumubvunzo uyu: "Maitiro aungaita sei nekodhi-fungidziro yekufunga?" - kwete, nokuti ichi ndicho chisingaiti nguva. Asi zviri kumunhu kuti asarudze kuti ndeupi ruzivo rwekushandisa nguva yake. Iwe unogona kuzvidzivirira kubva pane zvisingabatsiri ruzivo ruzivo nekucherechedza mazano anotevera:
- rega kutevera nhau (kunze kwekusagadzikana uye zviitiko zviduku zvavasina kutakura);
- chero ruzivo rwakakanganisika runofanira kutsoropodzwa nekuongororwa;
- kusazvinyora kubva kumagariro evanhu (kutanga, kana zvakaoma, zvino 1 kusvika 2);
- tanga kuverenga mabhuku mumapepa epapepa, ruzivo rwunowana huri nani ne25% kupfuura yehupfumi, sezvinogona kuti iwe unogona kuteerera mabhuku ehurukuro;
- 1 - 2 kaviri pavhiki kuronga mazuva asina magadhi, kusvika pazvinenge zvichiita.
Nzira yekuchengetedza sei zvinobudirira munguva yekodhi-maitiro ekufunga?
Klipovoye kufunga - iyo psychology yezviitiko izvi haisati yamboonekwa uye inotarisirwa kuonekwa nekutsvakurudza. Asi nzira yekuramba yakanyatsofunga nezvemabasa emazuva ano munguva yepikicha-yakasiyana-siyana mafungiro, apo toni yezvinyorwa zvinobva kuvaridzi vezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinokanganisa munhu wacho. Nyanzvi yepfungwa yeItaly ane makore makumi matatu nemakore Palladino mubhuku rake "Maximum Concentration. Nzira yekuchengetedza zvinobudirira munguva yemavhidhiyo-pamusoro pekufunga "inoshandiswa nyore uye kushanda mazano:
- Kana uchivhiringidza pfungwa kubva kune imwe nyaya yefoni kana nhau paInternet, zvinokosha kutanga kutanga kuzviongorora uye kubvunza mubvunzo: "Ndiri kuitei iye zvino? Inobatsira kunzwisisa kushushikana nekudzivisa.
- Kurwisana nekudzivisa.
- Tanga kukudziridza chivimbo.
- Kukudziridza kunzwisisa kwepfungwa - clip-art kufunga inotungamirira ku "kushaiwa" kwemanzwiro .
- Dzidzise iwe nevana mune zvekunamata, dzidzise tsika dzisingagumi.
"Chikamu-pane kufunga" - firimu
MunaMuvhuro 2014, mutungamiriri Sergei Kraus akaendesa kuvanhu "Clip-on thinking" - nyanzvi yakaita kuti vanhu vave nemakakatanwa pakati pevataridzi: mumwe munhu akadana akaona pseudoscientific kudengenyeka, vamwe vakaona mufirimu iyi chikafu chekubudirira muzana remakore rechi21 nemashoko akawanda, 90 % yazvo "slag". Kuziva kushanduka kwemwana mune ruzivo urwu ruzivo kunoedza kugadzirisa uye inova chikamu-pane. Iyi firimu inofanirwa kuona, kunyanya kune avo vanoda kunzwisisa mafungiro evaduku vemazuva ano.