Vanhu, kubva pakugadzirisa kwepasi, vaifarira zvinhu zvakawanda, asi mumakore makumi matatu ezana remakore rechi20, murume akava nehanya nehupenyu hwake. Kubvira panguva ino kudzidza kwemaonero ehupenyu hunotanga.
Pfungwa yehutano hwehutano ndeyekugadzirisa kwekufungidzira kana kufungidzira pamusoro penzira uye mararamiro ekuvandudza unhu. Chinangwa chavo chikuru hachisi kungotsanangurwa chete, asiwo kufanotaura kwehupenyu hwevanhu.
Mafungiro ehupenyu hwehutano anoita kuti munhu anzwisise maitiro ake, anobatsira kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo inopesana, iyo yaanozvibvunza nguva dzose. Nzira dzepfungwa dzehutano maererano nekubudirira kwavo dzakakamurwa kuva nguva nhatu:
- Kutanga kuumbwa kwepfungwa.
- Tsanangudzo yakajeka yekuongorora.
- Modern psychology.
Nzira dzehupenyu dzinogona kuverengwa dzinenge makumi mana, kana dzichionekwa kubva pane imwe pfungwa yekuona. Ngatitumidze mazano ehutano hweunhu:
- Analytical theory yemunhu. Icho chiri pedyo nepfungwa yeklassical psychoanalysis, nokuti ine yakawanda miitiro yakakurumbira nayo. Mumiririri akajeka weshoko iri ndeyeSwitzerland muongorori Carl Jung. Maererano nenzira iyi, unhu huri nzvimbo yevanhu vakaona uye vakazvarwa archetypes. Chimiro cheunhu huri huzivi hwehumwe hukama huri pakati pezvimwe zvezvikamu zvekuziva uye kusingazivi, kutongerwa uye kubudiswa kwemunhu.
- Psychodynamic dzidziso yeunhu. Iyi nyanzvi inozivikanwawo se "classical psychoanalysis." Mumiririri wayo uye nheyo ndeye Sigmund Freud. Muchikamu chetsika iyi, munhu ari sechisimba chekuita zvepabonde, nzira dzokudzivirira. Nekudaro, chimiro cheunhu huri chiyero chakasiyana chemunhu mumwechete uye nzira dzokuzvidzivirira.
- Unhu hutano hweunhu. Mureza ndiye Abraham Maslow. Vatsigiri varo vanofunga kuti unhu hahuna chimwe chinhu kunze kwenyika yomukati ye "Ini" yemunhu. Uye chimiro ndicho chiyero chekanaka uye chaiye "I".
- Nzwisisiro yeruzivo rweunhu. Nenzira yaro, iri pedyo nevanhu. Muvambi aiva George Kelly. Akatenda kuti chinhu chimwe chete icho munhu anoda kuziva ndicho chakaitika kwaari uye zvichazoitika mune ramangwana. Unhu urongwa hwekuvaka iwe pachako, hunoitwa nehupenyu hwomunhu.
- Basa iri rondedzero yeunhu. Iyi nhungamiro yakagamuchirwa kuparidzika kukuru sekudzidzira maitiro emunhu. Mumiririri akajeka ndiSergey Rubinstein. Unhu ndechidzidzo chinonyatsozivikanwa chinoshandisa imwe nzvimbo munharaunda uye, zvakare, inoita basa rinobatsira vanhu munharaunda. Chimiro cheunhu - hutungamiri hwemunhu mumwechete (kuzvidzora, kutarisa) uye maitiro emunhu mumwe nomumwe.
- Unhu hwetsika hweunhu. Iyo inewo zita rokuti "sayenzi". Pfungwa huru yehutungamiri iyi ndeyekuti unhu huri chibereko chekudzidza. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, munhu ndiye akaiswa muitiro wehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye mukati mechikonzero. Hurongwa - hutungamiri hwehutano hwevanhu, umo iyo huru iyo inowedzerwa nechomukati maitiro ekuremekedza kunokosha.
- Zvinyorwa zvisiri izvo zveunhu. Kubva pakuona kwechinhu ichi, unhu hutsika yehutano uye hwemagariro evanhu. Chimiro ndechirongwa hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hunopinda muhukama hwakanaka uye hunoita humwe hutsika nemhando dzehutano.
- Nhasi nyanzvi yeunhu. Zvinosanganisira: hukama hwevanhu-hune simba (iyo dzidziso yehutano hwemunhu mumwe, umo maitiro makuru
(kushamwaridzana kwemukati nekunze kwezvinhu) uye nheyo yehutsika (iyo pfungwa yehupenyu hwemhando, iyo yakabva pamusiyano weunhu hwevanhu vakasiyana-siyana kana hutendeseka hwevanhu pachavo).
Nhasi zvakaoma kutaura zvisina kufanira izvo dzidziso ndeyechokwadi. Chimwe nechimwe chine zvigaro zvayo uye zvisingabatsiri. Chaizvoizvo ikozvino mhedziso yemazuva ano yezvepfungwa yeItaly Antonio Meneghetti, uyo akafunga nezvemaonero ehuunhu maererano neshoko rakambotaurwa kare panyaya iyi.