Miti yemichero - nzira dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzekugadzira musanganiswa

Kuti mbeu dziwande, zvakakosha kusarudza mbeu yakanaka yemichero, iyo inofanira kusangana nezvimwe zvinoda. Muzvitoro, unogona kutenga mishonga yakagadzirwa yakagadzirirwa kana kuita zvinhu zvose iwe pachako, kusanganisa zvikamu zvakasiyana. Pamusangano mumwe nomumwe pane zvingasarudzwa.

Ivhu ripi rezvirimwa zviri nani?

Unhu hwenyika yekukurira chero miti yose inokosha zvikuru, saka zvinokosha kusarudza iyo maererano nezvimwe zvinoda.

1. Zvakakosha kuti ivhu rakasununguka, zvakanaka kurega mumumhepo uye mumhepo. Izvo zvikamu zvinofanira kunge zvakasanganiswa kuitira kuti munguva yakareba musanganiswa hauiti keke kana kuomesa, uye mashizha nemakutu hazvisi. Chigadzirwa chepasi rose chezvirimwa hachifaniri kuva nevhu, sezvo chichaita kuti kusanganiswa kusakodzerwa nekukura mbeu.
2. Nekukosha kukuru kubereka, kureva kuti, panofanira kunge kune zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvakasikwa uye dambudziko remaminerari muhutano.
3. Munyika hapanofanira kuva nemaviramu emakemikari, spores yefungi, mazai ezvipembenene, mbeu yemasora mbeu, asi haifaniri kunge isina kuora zvachose. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndeyekuwanikwa kwe microflora inobatsira, zvisinei hazvizogoni kukura miche.
4. Miti yemichero haifaniri kunge ine chepfu, kureva kuti, kuumbwa kwayo hakufaniri kuva nemasvita ematombo ane simba, radionuclides nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza.
5. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti izvo zvinokonzerwa nehupenyu mushure mekusanganiswa hakufaniri kukurumidza kuparadza uye kupisa. Kana zvisina kudaro, mbeu dzichaparara.
6. Nyika inoshandiswa haifaniri kunge yakangoitwa acidic kana alkali. Izvo zvakanyanya acidity index ndiyo inokwana 6.5-6.7 pH. Nheyo dzakadaro dzakapedzisira dzisingabatsiri.

Ungagadzirira sei ivhu rezvirimwa?

Pasinei nokuti nyika yakagadzirwa pachayo kana inotengwa, inokurudzirwa kuti ive yakagadzirirwa. Apo pavanoshandisa zvikamu zvakasiyana, dzinofanirwa kudzingwa (kunyanya pasi uye jecha). Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti kugadzirirwa kwevhu kune michero kunofanira kusanganisira kuora kwechirwere kubva kumapachigoni, mhuva nemazai. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinenge zviripo zvinobatsira uye zvinokanganisa, uye nzira dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira:

1. Steaming. Mwedzi usati watanga kudyara mbeu, tora pasi mubhatiro remvura kwemaawa maviri.Kakakosha kuti chifukidzo nevhu chakavharwa.
2. Calcination. Nyika inochengetwa kwehafu yeawa muchoto pahutambo hwe 90 ° C.
3. Kusununguka. Kubvira pakuvhurwa, zvakakosha kugadzirira ivhu remichero, richiisiya mumugwagwa, kuchifukidza, kuitira kuti rirege kunaya. Mwedzi umwe usati washandiswa, nyika inofanira kuiswa mumba, inopisa, yakasanganiswa nedzimwe nhengo uye zvakare kutakurwa kuenda kuchando.

Denga rakagadzirirwa michero

Varimi vakawanda vanosarudza kutenga nzvimbo muchitoro, asi zvakanyatsoita kuti zviite zvakasununguka. Pane zvikamu zvitatu zvinokosha: mashizha kana mashizha, sande yerwizi uye ivhu peaty ye michero, somuenzaniso, humus kana manyowa . Sezvimwe zvikamu, unogona kushandisa simbi, madota, kokonati fiber, moss, chaki, mineral fertilizer, lime uye vamwe. Zvikamu zvezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganiswa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Kupisa kwevhu kune miche

Vakawanda vanodavira kuti kutonhorera kwemhepo kunonyanya kukosha, asi zviratidzo zvenyika yacho. Pamiti yakasiyana-siyana, kutonhora kunogona kusiyana, asi kuwanda kwezvinhu kunogona kusiyaniswa. Ivhu rakanaka yezvirimwa mushure mokudyara inofanira kuva nekupisa kunopera mumuganhu we 15-25 ° C. Kana mashizha aonekwa uye mashizha anotanga kuumbwa, kukosha kunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika 16 ° С. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti, kana zvikwangwani zvakakwirira, zvino izvi zvinogona kuita kuti tsananguro iwedzere.

Miti yemichero yemiriwo

Hazvibatsiri kana iwe ukashandisa kutenga kana gadziriro yakagadzirirwa, zvinokosha kuti uone kuti inosangana nezvinodiwa.

1. Kuwana kuti ivhu ripi rinodikanwa kuti rive michero, zvakakosha kuratidza kuti rinofanira kunge rine zvinhu zvinokosha zvekudya: nitrogen, phosphorus uye potasium. Kana izvi zvikamu zvichange zvichange zvichishandiswa 300-400 mg / l, saka hazvibvumirwi kudyara mbeu mukati maro, zvinobvumirwa kupfuudza mbeu huru. Dzidzo dzakakwirira hazvibvumirwi.
2. Usashandise munda wekurima, nokuti une chimiro chisina kukodzera, pane pathogenic microflora nezvimwe zvikanganiso.
3. Iwe unogona kutora ivhu re cacti kukura michero, asi usakanganwa kuterera asidi uye kana zvichifanira kuigadzirisa, somuenzaniso, neupfu hwemadorite.

Miti yemichero yemakango

Kana iwe uchida kugadzirira nyika iwe pachako, zvino yeuka kuti inofanira kusangana nezvose zvinodiwa zvinotaurwa pamusoro apa. Unogona kushandisa maitiro akadaro:

1. Kuti uite ivhu rakanaka rokudyara michero yemucucumber, funganisa 1 chikamu che sod land uye humus. Pabhodhoro rekubatanidza, tora 1 tbsp. wood ash.
2. Nokuda kwezvinhu zvinotevera, sangana zvakaenzana zvakaenzana nenyika kubva mubindu (iyo inofanira kudarika matanho ekugadzirira), kutenga "ivhu rose" nevhu.
3. Kuti uite ivhu rakanakisisa yezvirimwa zvemakucheka, unoda kusanganisa 20 litita yemasango ane mashizha, 200 g ye double superphosphate, 10 g ye sulfuric potassium, 80 g yeammonium nitrate uye 3-4 spoons yehuni ash.

Miti yemichero yemamatata

Kuti ikure zvakanaka tomato, zvakakosha kugadzirira zvakanaka ivhu rezvirimwa uye kuzviita mazuva matatu isati yatanga kudyara. Kutenda kune ivhu iri rezvirimwa nyanya zvichagara pasi uye kusina maturo kuchanyangarika. Pane mitezo yakawanda yakakodzera:

1. Sakanidza zvakakwana zvakaenzana nebindu remunda, ivhu rakaoma, jecha uye humus. Ita zvinhu zvose. Pamwechete, mubhodhoro remvura, kuparadza 10 g ye carbamide, 30 g ye superphosphate uye 25 g ye potassium sulfate. Mhinduro inoguma inodururira ivhu.
2. Nokuda kwerapeti inotevera, wedzera peat uye jecha kune nyika ye sod muzvikamu zvakaenzana. Kana pasina peat, iwe unogona kushandisa ivhu raakatenga, asi kana risina zvidimbu mukati mazvo, iwe unofanirwa kuisa 0.5 l yehuni yehuni uye michina miviri ye superphosphate mubhakiti.
3. Iwe unogona kushandisa ivhu re tomato michero: kune zvikamu zviviri zvevhu, edza chikamu che humus uye yakaenzana yemvura yakachena kana jecha. Pamubhadharo wekusanganiswa kwakagadzirwa kunotorwa 0.5 litres ehuni yehuni.

Dhaka rezviyo mbichi

Kuti uwane misoro mikuru mune ramangwana, unoda kushandisa ivhu rakaorera nekusava neutachiona. Izvo zvinodiwa kuti muvhu (pasi) yekakubu mbeu kune composted peat kana sarse-grained sand. Unogona kushandisa izvi zvingasarudzwa:

1. Sakanidza zvakaenzana zvakaenzana nenyika sod, humus uye peat.
2. Nokuda kwekusanganiswa kwakatevera, tora zvikamu zvishanu zvehuturu hwevhu - chikuru chikamu, chikamu chemhangura uye 1/4 yemarimu nejecha.
3. Pane imwe sarudzo, yakakodzera kabichi, saka tora 3 zvikamu zve peat, chikamu cheturu uye 1/4 yejecha.

Primer ye pepper mbeu

Kune zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa izvo zvakakodzera kukura pepper, uye pakati pavo munhu anogona kusiyanisa chimiro chakafanana. Inogona kushandiswa kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Kugadzirira musanganiswa wevhu, kusanidza zvakaenzana zvakakwana sod land, peat nerwizi rwejecha. Izvo zvikamu zvinowanikwa zvakanyatsovhenganiswa uye zvinowedzera 30 magamu e superphosphate uye potassium sulfate, uye 10 malita emvura uye 10 gramu ye carbamide. Zvose zvinoenda uye zisiya kuti dziome. Kuwana kuti ivhu ripi rakakodzerwa nemichero yepiresi, unogona kushandisa musanganiswa wekuenzana nemari inokwana peat, humus uye sod land.

Miti yemakwenzi mbeu

Miti yemuvhunye inonyanya kunakira ivhu, saka zvakakosha kuti inobereka, chiedza, kusununguka uye mvura-inokwana. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ivhu remuti wemichero yevhuta rinogona kunge rakafanana nekusarudzwa kwemakango. Kuti uve musanganiswa akakodzera, funganisa zvakasiyana-siyana nyika ye sod, rwizi rwejecha uye humus. Kwemamiriyoni gumi emunda wakapera, wedzera 1 litre yematanda. Mushure mezvo, nyika inoda kurapwa sezvinoratidzwa pamusoro apa. Nokuda kwekuumbwa kwevhu kune mbeu, funga nezano dzakati:

1. Kana iyo nyika isati yakagadzirirwa kubva pakuvhurwa, tzoiisa panzvimbo yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa yakagadzirirwa, asi ingosarudza mikana yepamusoro.
2. Inoshandiswa humus inokosha kuti ipepure neseve kuti ibvise matavi, matombo uye zvimwe zvisingakoshi zvikamu.
3. Kana iri jecha, inofanira kuva duku uye yakachena. Usati wawedzera kune iyo ivhu rinosanganiswa rinofanira kushambidzwa kakawanda mumvura inoyerera.

Mhepo yevhunu mbeu

Kukura michero yakawanda panzvimbo yako haisi nyore, saka zvakakosha kubhadhara zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwevhu, iro rinofanira kunge rakazara nehupenyu. Ikoko kemuchedzo yakavimbwa inogamuchirwa nevarimi vanoziva. Sungai zvakaenzana zvakaenzana mumunda unogara uri munda, wakatenga ivhu rakagadzirwa peat uye rakakwana rakasanganiswa compost. Mumusanganiswa inogona kuiswa shoma shoma uye rwizi jecha. Kusarudza kuti chii chinofanira kuva ivhu rezvirimwa, unofanirwa kutsanangura kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa zvakakonzerwa nemuchero we potassium permanganate, izvo zvichaita kuti mweya usiye.

Dongo remaruva mbeu

Kana chinangwa chiri kukura michero ine utano yemaruva, ipapo mazano ose ekusarudzwa kwenyika akaiswa pakutanga achave akakodzera munyaya iyi. Nyika inofanira kunge yakasununguka, yakajeka uye inononoka kubvumira mweya kudarika zvakanaka uye kuchengeta unyoro. Zvakakosha kubhadhara ruzivo rwehutano hwakabatana nezvisina kufanirwa kuiswa muvhu yezvirimwa zvemaruva, zvakadai semumutepa, pasi pevhu, kutora muganhu, shavings yemiti, uswa uye pasi peat.

Muchengetedza maruva, unogona kuwana sarudzo yakagadzirwa yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirwa nevhu, somuenzaniso, "Flora", "Garden Land", "Violet" nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iwe unogona kushandisa zvisikwa zvepasi rose. Paunenge uchitenga, teerera kutarisa, nokuti nehuwandu hwezvibereko hahuoni kuona maruva. Kana iri muvhu yezvirimwa, phosphorus, potasium uye nitrogen inenge yakareba 300-400 mg / l, saka haigone kushandiswa kudyara mbeu, sezvo budhu husingaiti.

Kudyara mbeu

Mukudyara mbeu nekuchera maruva zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa ivhu rakachena kuti ridzivirire utachiona nema microbes. Kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, iyo ivhu raunosarudza kuti rikure micheredzi asters:

1. Kurongeka kwakanyanyisa kunosanganisira kusanganisa 1 chikamu chejecha uye peat, 1 kuwedzera 3 zvikamu zvevhu. Muchiitiko ichi, zvakakosha kudzivirira nyika.
2. Kana uri kutenga mhepo yakagadzirirwa yakagadzirwa, zviri nani kusarudza sarudzo yakasarudzika ye asters. Kana iwe usingakwanisi kuwana ivhu rakadaro, tora nyika kuti uwane maruva mbeu uye uwedzere jecha, uchichengeta chikamu che10: 1.
3. Pane imwe sarudzo yakakodzera kuvadzidzi: fungai 4 zvikamu zve peat, 2 chikamu chema munda uye 1 chikamu chejecha. Mushure meizvi, isai madota, makapiwa kuti 10 malita emusanganiswa anofanira kuverenga 1 tbsp. Zvose zvinosanganiswa zvakanaka, tsvina uye kuwedzera 1 tbsp. Perlite, iyo ichabvisa mhepo yakanyanyisa uye inodzivirira kuomeswa kwevhu. Iva nechokwadi chekubata pasi.

Dhaka re petunia mbeu

Chimwe chemavara akajairika ndiwo petunias, ayo anomiririrwa muhupamhi rwakasiyana-siyana. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti ivhu remichero harifaniri kuva nehupamhi hwehushi, nokuti mbeu hadzizosimuka zvakanaka. Lime rinogona kushandiswa kurega neutralization. Kana iri pH zvigadzirwa zve petunia, kukosha kunofanira kuva zvikamu 5,5-6. Ivhu rakakodzera yezvirimwa rinogona kuitwa nemaoko ega, rakapiwa mazano:

1. Sakanya 1 chikamu chejecha uye moss peat, uye wedzera 2 zvikamu zve loam. Kana ukaronga kukura petunia pabhangi, zvino ubatanidze 30% yevhu yakachena uye 70% yepeti yakatsvuka.
2. Apo kukurima kune zvekutengeserana, saka jecha uye moss peat inofanira kubatanidzwa muhuwandu hwakaenzana, uye panzvimbo yeloam kushandisa chikamu chemaruva epruruki uye yakaenzana yemaplite.