Kuraira mbatatisi - mitemo inokosha uye nzira dzakakurumbira

Kuraira mbatatisi inzira inowanzozivikanwa kune vadzidzisi vazhinji vezvivakwa zvezhizha. Kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana dzekurima: vamwe vagari vemazhizha vanoita mitambo isina kujairika vachishandisa pokugara, avo vanoedza zvikuru kukura mbatata nembeu.

Kugadzirira mbatatari yekudyara

Chero mbeu inokura nekukurumidza uye inopa kukohwa kwakanaka, kana zvishoma zvingamubatsira. Rubatsiro kubva kune vagari vomuzhizha rinowanikwa mukudzivirira kwezvirwere nekuzadzwa nemuviri. Kukura mbatatisi paDacha kunoda kuedza kukuru kuita kuti tubers iwedzere huru uye mbeu inofara nehuwandu. Kwete iyo yekupedzisira ichava kumera kwekudyara zvinhu.

Pane kugadzirisa mbatata usati wasvika?

Kurapa mazai eitatari zvisati zvadyarwa zvinangwa chekudzivirira zvirwere uye kuonekwa kwezvipembenene, kukurudzira kukura uye kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa kwekudyara zvinhu.

1. Kusimwa kwemaziso ndicho chinonyanya kukosha mukugadzirira kwe tubers, uye kukurudzira kukurudzira kunobatsira kuita izvi nenzira yakakodzera. Pakati pemazita asingaverengeki pamapakiti ari muchitoro, kutarirwa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune chigadzirwa "Potitein." Mukuwedzera pakudyisa tuber ne zinc uye manganese, "Micon" agent inobatsira, hainakidzwi zvido zvishoma.
2. Mutsika, vagari vomuzhizha vanobata mbeu nemhangura sulfate, kudira teaspoon yeupfu mumatatu matatu ehombodo. Iwe unofanirwa kuvhara mbeu mumugadziro, asi usapfira. Mushonga unoitwa kwemazuva matatu kusvika mana kusati kwasvika.
3. Gadzai mbeu nemiti inobatsira "Nitrofoska" uye "Solvent". Basa rinotanga nguva refu usati wasvika: mazuva ose gumi, unofanira kugadzirira mbeu nemhinduro katatu.
4. Nokuda kwekurima mbatatisi, "Prestige" yakanyatsosimbiswa semudziviriri weColorado beetle. Kunyanya kuchengeteka kukohwa kunobatsira maitiro ekugadzirira "Prestige" uye "Maxim", vakawana vagari vomuzhizha vanoenda kune imwe nzira haisi gore rokutanga. Kubva pamagunches akanaka "Simba", rinoshanda zvakanaka ne wireworm.

Nzira yekukura sei mbatata yekudyara?

1. Kusimiririra mune chiedza. Mbatata inowanikwa mune rimwe denga mumapuranga kana mapurasitiki, ayo akaiswa pamusoro peumwe. Zvose izvi zvinogadziriswa pasina zuva rakananga, rinofukidza hutete hwembeu ne gauze. Izvi zvinotora anenge mwedzi. Icho kutonhora zvishoma nezvishoma chinodonha kubva 20 ° C kusvika 12 ° C, kuitira kuti tuber iome.
2. Mbatata usati wadyara uchengetedze macheka kana peat. Zvose zvichaitika nokukurumidza, uye zvisingakwanisi kushandiswa. Mubhokisi rine mafirimu akabatwa, pairi mune rimwe denga re tubers. Zvose izvi zvinodururirwa pamusoro pemvura inonaya, kubva panguva nenguva inonaya. Mumazuva makumi maviri pachava nehotera.
3. Iyo yakabatanidzwa nzira inopa chikwata chapamusoro uye inobvumira kugadzirisa kukanganisa. Mushure mokunge chiedza chichimera, tubers inotumirwa kunzvimbo ine mvura ine mvura kwevhiki.
4. Kurayira ndiyo mhinduro yevakadzi vemazhizha, avo vasingakwanisi kuita nzira nhatu dzokutanga dzokugadzira mbeu. Attic, rakateurwa kana imwe nzvimbo yakafanana yakafukidzwa nefirimu uye mbeu dzakapararira dzakagadzirirwa nekugadzirira pasi. Usati wadyara, iyo pfungwa yakanaka yekubata tuber ne nitrogen fertilizer .

Nzira dzekudyara mbatata

Kune hutaneti huwandu hwekusiya chibage. Vagari vomuzhizha vanofambira mberi vanowanzoshandisa mazamu ekurasirwa kwemazambique, iyo yakarongeka haifaniri kubva kune yakasara yekutakura tuber. Nzira dzose dzekudyara mbatata dziri mukutsvaga, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvigaro zvayo, izvo zvakaita kuti zvizivikanwe pakati pevarimi. Mukuwedzera kune yekutanga kudyara munzvimbo yakazaruka mbatata inogona kuiswa pasi pefirimu kana uswa.

Kukura mbatata muvhu rakavhurika

Kwemakore akawanda teknolojia yekudyara mbatata haina kuchinja, inoramba yakakosha kune varimi vemazuva ano:

• Mabhedha akagadzirirwa kubva muvhuvhu, achicherechedza dongo remasentimita makumi matatu nemashanu kubva pamasendimita 45, ipapo mushure mekukohwa, masara emiti inodururwa kunze kwekicheni, mushure mushure mehadhi, izvi zvose zvakagadzirirwa nehupamhi hwemashizha akawa (zvinokosha kuti tisapindirana nematanda zvakasimba);
• Muchirimo, muzvigadziro zvakagadzirwa, madota, kuwedzera manyowa uye superphosphates;
• tubrasi inowanikwa pakadzika anenge masendimita 8, yakasaswa pasi;
• apo pamabhedha mashizha anokura kusvika masendimita makumi maviri nemashanu, anotanga kuvhara, iyo nzira inodzokorora kazhinji;
• kunwisa kunonyanya kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze: muoma yechando inowanzodiriwa, panguva yemvura inonaya ichidiridza zvikuru, uye mwedzi usati watanga kukohwa.

Kudyara mbatatisi pasi pejecha

Nzvimbo yemashanga inobvisa kubva pakurongwa kwezvidimbu zvinodiwa kukwira, kuchera ivhu (zvinokwana kuti zvigadzire kusununguka), rinoita kuti mvura iwedzere kuve nekuchengetedza kwakanaka kwehutu. Zvisinei, kurima mbatatari pasi pejecha kunotora nzvimbo yakanaka yekugara, kana zvisinei zvose zvingaita pasina. Kana zvisina kudaro, hapana matambudziko:

• kunyoresa kugadzirirwa kwevhu kunobatsira pokugara pamabhedha nekadhibhodhi, nokuti masora ose achangosangana nawo pasi payo ndokuva muganisi;
• Mbatari inorimwa inotanga kubva pakupera kwaMay kusvika kutanga kwaJune: miti isina kudzika yose masentimita makumi mana yakaitwa muvhu rakasunungurwa;
• Wedzera mhangura shomanana pamberi pemiti inotapurirwa mbeu kuti ivhiringidze kuonekwa kwe slugs;
• Mbeu bedzi inosaswa pasi, iyo yakafukidzwa nehutara nehupamhi hwemasendimita 45;
• saka kuti mune yakaoma furasi hapana mavara asina kudiwa, mutsara wekugarisa uri peppered with eggshell yakapwanyika;
• mvura chete munguva yakaoma;
• kunyanya zvinofadza kukohwa, nokuti iwe unongoda kusveta uswa uye kubvisa mbatata kubva pamusoro, hazvizove nekunamatira pasi clod.

Kuraira mbatatisi pasi pefirimu

Iyo firimu mune bhizinesi remazuva ano rekugarisa ndiro mubatsiri unokosha. Kuzivikanwa kwaro kuri kukura gore negore, sezvo zvichibvira kukura mbatata pasi pekuvhara nokukurumidza uye pasina kushanda. Iyi nzira yakanaka kune mamwe marudzi okutanga:

• tubers iri kutsvaga guru, vanogona kubvumira zviri pasi pefirimu;
• Tinosarudza nzvimbo yekudyara yakatarwa kumaodzanyemba, apo ivhu rinokurumidza kubuda shure kwechando;
• mbatatisi yakatanga kufanana ne-light loam uye yakasvava peat bogs, zvakanakisisa kupindura kuiswa kwekusanganiswa kwe 30 g ye potassium chloride uye 1 g yemhangura sulphate, yakanatswa mumatafura gumi-mana;
• rutivi rwakazara rwemufirimu inenge 120-180 cm, apo uchikura mbatatari izvi zvakaenzana nematatu matatu ekudyara, kuwedzera kudyara 8 cm;
• Iyi firimu yakatambanudzwa pamusana kana kuiswa zvakananga pasi;
• kumirira 20 ° C uye kutanga kusvotanga kutanga kuputika kwezuva nezuva, pakarepo kana thermometer inopisa uye yakasvibira yakareba masendimita makumi maviri, masango anogadzirwa nenzira yakaderera mufirimu;
• iyo yekutanga yekupfekedza kuputika inowira kwevhiki rechitatu mushure mekuberekwa, tora urea uye ammonium sulphate muzviyero zvakaringana;
• kechipiri ivo vanoita potassium nitrate uye potassium sulphate mushure mekugadzirwa, mvura kana kuti yakaoma nzira yekushanda inobvumirwa;
• mumwaka wemvura, kudiridza hazvidiwi, mvura yekudiridza inomira yakadzika iri 50 litres pamakero mana.

Nzira dzekurima mbatata

Vakawanda vagari vomuzhizha vane mukana wekuisa mabhodhi pamafasitirini avo nemazai, vanobudirira kugadzirira nguva yacho uye vanomera mbeu yemamatisi, makomkomini kana maasplants. Asi chaizvoizvo kuwedzera mbatatisi nembeu nzira. Hongu, uye classic tuber version ine zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa. Mamiriro ekudyara mbatatisi inowanzoenderana nehukuru hwechirongwa, zvinangwa uye kukohwa kwaidiwa.

Nzira yekukura sei mbatata kubva kumbeu?

Nzvimbo dzekumera dzinoda nguva shomanana, mbatatisi haitapukirwi nezvirwere, hazvirevi kurwisana nekupera, ichi chinhu chakanaka chekuwana michero yekudyara yakanaka kuburikidza nemwaka. Asi kunyange kusima kwakakosha kwemazambatisi hakungakuchengetedzi kubva kune mamwe matambudziko, iwe uchafanira kushandisa nguva dzose marudzi ose emishonga kuti uchengetedze zvisinganzwisisiki uye zvinoputika:

• kugadzirirwa kwembeu kunosanganisira kuoma, kupinda mumvura, kana kukurudzira kukura;
• pakupera kwaMarch vanotanga kupinda mumabhosi: musanganiswa wenhengo yepasi uye zvikamu zvina zve peat zvinowedzera nemafuta uye inogadziriswa;
• Mbeu dzakasimwa dzakasimwa pamasendimita mashanu masendimita gumi nemashanu uye dzakasvibiswa nejecha (jecha rinenge rakanyonganiswa kuitira kuti isashamba panguva yekudiridza);
• kune nzvimbo dzakawanda zviri nyore kutyaira mbatatisi mumagadziro, zvinomera zvinokura mushure mekuonekwa kwemashizha maviri anoenderera mu peat pots;
• Kuguma kwaMay kunopisa zvikuru nekupindurirwa muvhu rakazaruka.

Kudyara mbatata ne tubers

Kunyange zvazvo iyo nzira yekutakura inofungidzirwa sechikoro, ine mhinduro dzakawanda dzinonakidza. Zviratidzo zvekukura mbatatisi nguva dzose zvinouya kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu ekukura uye mikana yekugara kwezhizha:

• Mukuwedzera kune nzira dzatozivikanwa dziri pasi pevhu kana firimu, kudyara mumumatava kunoshandiswa, apo tubers inodyarwa kwete mumigodhi yakavezwa, asi mumibhedha izere nemashizha (ipapo ivhu rinoputika nekukurumidza, haifaniri kudururirwa uye kunyanyisa kunogara kuchiyerera mumigero);
• apo paine nzvimbo shoma shoma panzvimbo iyi, chengetai mbatatisi mumabhegi kana pamabhedha mashoma;
• Vamwe vagari vemuzhizha vakakwanisa kunyatsoona nzira yekukura mumiti.

Zvakavanzika zvekukura mbatatisi

Unyanzvi hwekutengeserana kwebhizimisi huchagadzirisa nguva dzose. Pamwe pamwe nemaitiro anozivikanwa ekudyara nekutarisira mbatata, zvakakosha kuedza maitiro akadaro:

• kubhururuka kwakadzika kunopisa kunomutsa kwete chete maziso ekumusoro, asiwo pakati nepasi, uye ichi shrub ine simba uye ine zvibereko mune ramangwana;
• Kudyara zviri nani munzira kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba;
• kana masvondo maviri mushure mokuputika kuti aputse mashizha emusango pamusana wemamita 10, michero ichadzoka kumidzi uye inoshanda kuti ibatsire chibage;
• Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kuitwa kuti dzipe zvirimwa zviviri: mushure mokuchera, ndiyo chete iyo mikuru yakawanda inobviswa uye gwenzi rinodzoserwa kunzvimbo yaro, zvayadururira chirongo chemvura mugomba kusati kwawa, gwenzi richapa chirimwa chechipiri.

Mbatari yekudyara nguva

Zvinoshamisa kuti, asi kudyarwa kwemazambatanga ekutanga pasi pefirimu inoitwa pane dzimwe nguva, ichiwa pamagumo aMarch uye kutanga kwaApril. Pasi pemufirimu wechando, tubers haisi yakaipa. Kana iri nyaya yekudyara pasi rakavhurwa neye classical method, zvino zvichave zvakakodzera kumirira ivhu kuti ridziye kusvika 8 ° C. Munharaunda imwe neimwe ndiro zuva ravo. Kuziva kuti kusvika kweiyo yaidiwa kunogona kunge kune zvikonzero zvakadaro:

• kutaridzika kwemashizha pamiti yemurch uye kuvhurwa kwemusango cherry - chiratidzo chekuita basa rokutanga, pano zvakare inosanganisira kuvhura kwe dandelions;
• Zvakanaka kuona mazamuro emamiriro ekunze kwemavhiki maviri anotevera mune zvimwe zvinyorwa.

Fertilizer ye mbatata kana uchidyara

Iyo midzi yemitemo haina kusimbiswa zvakanaka, naizvozvo, iyo tubers inofanira kudyurudzwa pakarepo panguva yekuuya, nokudaro kupa chimiro chakanaka. Kukura nekutarisira mbatata kuchave kwakanyanyisa kunzwisiswa nemasereji anotevera akandwa mumugodhi:

• Mota madota anodikamwa uye anoremekedzwa nevagari vemazhizha-vanotanga uye vagari venguva yakawanda, nokuti ichitoro che potassium, phosphorus uye manganese, inosunungura ivhu;
• kuita kuti ivhu rifemedze uye kuita zvisingagoni kuwandiswa zvinogona kunge zviri, kukanda mumugero wegomba (zvakakwana zvakakwana hafu yeerita yekwanisa);
• inoyevedza uye nguva dzose yekugadzirisa mhedziso - kuwedzera panguva yekudyara humus, mari yacho yakafanana.