Izvo zvisinganzwisisiki zvishoma mumishonga ndeye hematology, saka vanhu vazhinji havazive, iyeye nyanzvi yehutano ndiye kuti ndiani, zvirwere zvipi zvaanobata uye mune zviitiko zvipi kubvunzurudza kwachiremba kunodiwa. Ngatitaurire pamusoro peizvi zvose zvakare.
Hematologist - ndiani uyu uye chii chinoporesa?
Hematology - kupatsanurwa kwemishonga, iro rine zita rekare rechiGiriki uye rinoshandura se "kudzidzisa neropa." Basa guru reyi sayenzi nderokudzidza nekugadzirisa nekushanda kwehutachiona. Pasi peropa remvura zvinonzwisiswa zvizere zvenhengo dze hemopoiesis (bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus), nhengo dzekuparadzwa kweropa (spleen, mutezo weropa) pamwe neropa pacharo (zvikamu zvaro). Kuenderera mberi kubva pane izvi, chiremba-hematologist anobatanidzwa pakuzarura uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zveropa system.
Sezvo ropa rinoshambidza nhengo dzose nenyama dzomuviri, dziine nadzo kusinganzwisisiki, humatologist inofanirwa kuva neruzivo rwakakwana rwezvesayenzi yezvokurapa. Kufanirwa kwechirongwa munharaunda iyi kunogamuchirwa nevarapiki mushure memakore maviri emakore muhematology. Mune ramangwana, munda wehematologist wemabasa ungave wakabatana neimwe yenzvimbo mbiri:
- Basa rekutsvakurudza - rinoshanda muma laboratori uko kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweropa nemafuta emasera zvidzidzo zvinoitwa uye mhinduro dzavo dzinotsanangurwa, kuedza kunoitwa, nzira itsva dzekuongororwa uye kurapwa dzinogadzirwa.
- Kurapa uye mabasa eprophylactic - basa rinobatsira zvakananga nevarwere, izvo zvinosanganisira kubvumirwa kwevarwere, kusarudzwa kwehutano hwekuongorora, kusarudzwa kwemaitiro ekurapa nezvimwewo zvakadaro.
Icho chemheatologist ndiani?
Sezvatatoona, kunyanya kwekudzidzira hematologist kunotarisa kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona neropa. Mukuwedzera, vanachiremba ava vari kuita basa rokudzidza zvinokonzera kuonekwa kwezvirwere, maitiro avo ekudzivirira kusimba kwavo. Vanonyatsoshanda pamwe navanachiremba vemamwe mazano: vanachiremba, vanacologist, gynecologists, geneticists nezvimwe zvakadaro. Panewo mazano akadai sevana vane hematologist (anobata zvirwere zveropa muvana), a hematologist-oncologist (ari kubvumirana nekurapa zvirwere zvinouraya zveropa system).
Chii chinobata hematologist?
Tichifunga, nyanzvi yezvematongerwo enyika - kuti ndeyei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti munda webasa remuongorori uyu unosanganisira zvirwere zvinogona kutungamirira mukuputsa kwekuvandudzwa nekushandiswa kwezvikamu zveropa. Panguva imwecheteyo, haisi mukati mekukwanisa kwake kukuvadza nhengo dze hematopoiesis kana kuparadzwa kweropa, kwete kukonzera kukundikana kwekushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwezvikamu zveropa (semuenzaniso, kukuvadzwa kwepleen, kuvhiringidzwa kwemaitiro emakumbo uye vamwe).
Kuti uchinzwisise zviri nani iyo nyanzvi yezvinyorwa, rongedza zvirwere zvikuru zvaanobata:
- anemia yezvakasiyana -siyana;
- myeloma;
- myeloid leukemia ;
- lymphocytic leukemia;
- autoimmune thrombocytopenia ;
- urwere hwehutachiona;
- leukocytosis;
- leukopenia nezvimwe zvakadaro.
Ndirini pandinofanira kuenda kune anhematologist?
Pane humwe huratidziro hunofanirwa kubhadharwa, sezvo hunogona kuva zviratidzo zvematambudziko ehematologic. Ngatisiyanisei zviratidzo izvi, zvichiratidza nguva yekutarisana nehematologist:
- kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri, kwakataurwa nguva nenguva nekuda kwechikonzero chisingaoneki;
- kuramba kuneta, kuneta;
- kutuka kukuru;
- kuramba kwakatsvuka kweganda bwenhengo;
- cyanosis yeganda, risingabatanidzi nezvirwere zvemukati;
- yakakura lymph nodes;
- kurwadziwa kazhinji mumusoro wepakutanga kusingazivikanwi;
- kuora kurasikirwa pasina zvikonzero zvinangwa;
- kugunun'una nemakumbo maduku;
- kubuda ropa kwenguva refu mushure mekuita zviduku zvishoma;
- kugara kunzwa kusungirira pamuromo;
- kuramba kwenguva yokuenda kumwedzi kusagadzikana.
Mukuwedzera, kubvunzurudzwa kwehutachiona hunotarisirwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro:
- kutanga kwekuita pamuviri;
- kuronga kubata kwomwana;
- yakawedzera radioactive background munharaunda yekugara.
Ndekupi kusarudzwa kwechirwere chemhuka?
Kazhinji, nyanzvi yezvematema inogamuchira kutumirwa kunotungamirirwa nemurapi wemunharaunda kana kuti mumwe chiremba anopinda. Nyanzvi idzi dzinogamuchira varwere mune zvipatara zvakakura, maproclinic inocological, makiriniki ega, uye haungatongogoni kuwana mahematologist munharaunda yepolyclinics yakawanda. Paunenge uchienda kunoona hematologist, unofanirwa kugadzirira kuti zvimwe zviratidzo zvekuongorora zvinogona kurongwa pazuva rimwe chete. Mukuona kweizvi, zvinokurudzirwa kuti mitemo inotevera ionekwe:
- Usadya kwemaawa gumi nemaviri usati washanyira hematologist.
- Usasvuta kana kunwa doro.
- Rega kushandiswa kwemishonga.
- Chiremera chemvura inotanga kudya zuva risati rasangana.
Chii uye sei iyo nyanzvi yezvematema inotarisa?
Varwere vakawanda vanozoshanyira muongorori uyu, vachinetseka pamusoro pezvakaitwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona, kuti kugamuchirwa kuchaitwa sei. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kugamuchirwa kunotanga nekuti chiremba anoteerera kumhan'ara, anobvunzurudza murwere, anodzidza nhoroondo yezvokurapa. Mushure meizvi, kuongorora kwepanyama kunoitwa, izvo zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:
- palpation of lymph nodes;
- kuongorora matononi;
- palpation of the spleen;
- kuongorora ganda, mucous membrane.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinogona kugadziriswa nehutemikari?
Dhavhidha yakawanikwa mushure mekuunganidzwa kwemannesis uye kuongorora kwepanyama, kazhinji haibvumiri kunyatsorondedzera kukanganisa kubva pane zvisizvo, usapa mufananidzo wakazara wehutano. Izvi zvinoda ma laboratory chaiwo uye zvidzidzo zvekushandisa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvii zvinonzi hematologist inorondedzera, uye kuitisa zvidzidzo zvose zvinodiwa. Chokutanga pane zvose, chirwere chikuru uye biochemical test test chinodiwa. Avo vakatoita izvi, nyanzvi yezvematema inogona kukurudzira nzira dzakadaro:
- kuongorora ropa kweropa (Wasserman reaction);
- kuongororwa ropa kweHIV;
- kuongororwa ropa kwehepatitis;
- coagulogram;
- general analysis of urine;
- kuongororwa kwemarara kune ropa rakapera.
Mukuwedzera, zvingave zvakakosha kuita mapfupa emapfupa nemapurisa akazotevera emapuritate (myelogram) uye nzira dzakadaro dzokuongorora:
- Ultrasound of the stomach cavity and lymph nodes;
- computed tomography;
- magnetic resonance imaging;
- radiography yemapfupa akapfava;
- scintigraphy.
Hematologist zano
Hematologic disorders chimwe chezvinhu zvinotyisa, uye zvakaoma kudzivirira. Kuti uone kufambira mberi kwechirwere munguva, zvinokosha kubvunzurudza chiremba nokukurumidza kana pane nyevero zviratidzo. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kuti titeerere mazano akadaro ehematologist:
- Gara uchiita kuongorora ropa kuitira kuti utarisire uwandu hweeukocytes, masero matsvuku eropa uye hemoglobin;
- Rega tsika dzakaipa;
- Nguva yakawanda inoshandiswa mumhepo itsva;
- Enda mune zvemitambo.