Rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga chirwere chinowanzokonzera vanhu vanopfuura makumi mana emakore avo vanopfuura kuwandisa. Nehutachiona huno, kunzwisiswa kwemashutu kusvika kuitiro re insulin inokura, izvo zvinoita kuti kuwedzerwa muhuwandu hweglucose muropa, uye zvose zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi mumuviri zvinokundikana.
Iyo inofanirwa nokuwedzera zvishoma uye zviratidzo zvisingaoneki panguva yekutanga, chirwere ichi chinowanzotaridzirwa pachigamba chezvinetso zvinogona kukura nokukurumidza pasina kusarudzwa. Nheyo yekurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga mellitus mune dzakawanda mishonga imishonga, umo mishonga yemapoka akawanda anoshandiswa. Ngationei, kupfuura iyo inogamuchirwa kuti irape chirwere cheshuga chemarudzi maviri, chii pamusoro pekugadzirira ndiyo inonyanya kushanda.
Zvinodhaka zvekurapa rudzi rwechipiri chirwere cheshuga
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti kurapa chirwere cheshuga nhasi hazvibviri, asi chirwere chinogona kudzorwa nekurarama hupenyu hwakakwana. Kana shuga yeropa uye kushushikana kwechifu kune insulini haigoni kuiswa chete kuburikidza nekuderera kwe-carbohydrate kudya uye kuita basa, zvinodhaka hazvigoni kuparidzirwa. Zvinangwa zvekushandisa zvinodhaka ndezvekuti:
- kubudirira kwekutengesa kwakakwana kwemaitiro emagetsi;
- kudzivirira kwezvinetso.
Iboka guru remishonga yechirwere cheshuga cheshuga ishuga-inoderedza madhiragi muefomu yakavezwa, iyo yakakamurwa kuva mhando ina:
1. Mishonga inokurudzira kugadzirwa kwe insulini neapocreatic cells. Izvi zvinosanganisira sulfonylureas, yakafanana mumakemikari akaumbwa, uye akarongerwa nechizvarwa:
- kutanga-chizvarwa chemishonga (tolbutamide, carbutamide, tolazamide, chlorpropamide) - nekuda kwemigumisiro yakawanda ikozvino isingashandiswi;
- yechipiri-chizvarwa chemishonga (glibenclamide, glipizide, gliclazide, glycidone);
- chikamu chechitatu chinodhaka (glimepiride) mushonga mutsva wechirwere cheshuga chechipiri, icho chine huwandu hwezvakanaka pane zvekare.
Uyewo, kukurudzira kushandiswa kwe insulin, Novonorm (repaglinide) uye Starlix (nateglinide) zvinodhaka zvakaonekwa munguva pfupi yapfuura.
2. Biguanides - zvinodhaka zvinowedzera kunzwa kwemasero ku insulini. Nhasi, mishonga imwe chete inoshandiswa kubva mumhando iyi yemishonga: metformin (Siofor, Glucophage, nezvimwewo). Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvechiito chekukura hachiri pachena, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti mishonga ye-metformin inobatsira pakurasikirwa kwekurema, saka inoratidzirwa mukunyanyisa.
3. Inhibitor yeAlpha-glucosidase - nzira yekuderedza kusvuta kweglucose kubva mumutsipa muropa. Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekudzivisa kushanda kwe enzyme, iyo inoputsa utsi hwakaoma, kuitira kuti irege kupinda muropa. Iye zvino, Glucobay (acarbose) iri kushandiswa zvakashandiswa.
4. Sensitizers (potentiators) zvinodhaka zvinowedzera kusateerera kwemasukisi kune insulin. Izvozvo zvinogadziriswa
Varwere vane nguva yakareba yechirwere vangada kusarudzwa kwejekisi ye insulini yekugadzirira - kwekanguva kana yehupenyu.
Hypotensive zvinodhaka zvechikwata chechirwere cheshuga mellitus
Iyi mishonga, iyo inorayirwa mukuvandudzwa kwezvinetso zvevascular, inofanira kuonekwa kune rimwe boka rakakosha. Muchirwere ichi, nokuda kwekugadziriswa kweropa, mishonga inoshandiswa iyo inonyatsopindira maitsvo. Semutemo, thiazide diuretics uye calcium channel blockers inorayirwa.