Maererano nehuwandu, kenza yemutsipa, zviratidzo zvayo zvinowanzovanzwa, inofanirwa pamusoro pe70% yezviitiko zvemuviri wechirongwa ichi. Iboka rekukuvadza rinoumbwa nevarume - mune varwere veoncology, oncology inowanikwa kakawanda. Nhamba yevanhu vanorapwa nehutano hwakakodzera panguva iyo ndeye 60%.
Kanzera inouraya - zvinokonzera
Kenza yemutsipa inofambidzana nechiremera chemukati wechipfuva chemarara uye pharynx. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mushure mekugadzirisa, futi inotanga kupararira kune mimwe michina inopoteredza uye nhengo. Zvinokonzera kukura kwehutano hwakawanda, naizvozvo zvinowanzoomera kuti vanachiremba vasarudze chimwe chinhu chinogumbura. Pakati pezvikonzero zvinogona kutsanangura zvinogona kuva nekenza yemutsipa, vanachiremba vanowanzoita kuti:
- inoshanda mukukuvadza kwekugadzira uye kuputika kwemhepo inokuvadza (kugadzirwa kwevarnishes uye mapira, makemikari);
- kukanganisa kwehutano hwemuviri;
- kusvuta;
- hutano;
- mvere dzomusoro, mutsipa;
- kusvibiswa kwemazuva ano , kupisa kwemavara ;
- kuwandisa kwehutu uye kusvuta zvokudya mune zvekudya, kuswa kwemiriwo nemichero.
Kuita kwekuvandudzwa kwehutano kunowedzera kuvepo kwezvirwere zvinotevera:
- chisingagumi kuputira nzira dzepamusoro yepamusoro yepumusoro ( pharyngitis , laryngitis, sinusitis);
- cysts;
- fibromas;
- kuora kwemutsipa;
- papillomatosis .
Chirwere chemhuro chinowanikwa papi?
Kazhinji kazhinji, chirwere chinyoreswa nevarwere vaduku. Nekuongororwa kwekenza yemutsipa, makore evarwere anowanzopfuura makore makumi matanhatu. Maererano nehuwandu, hutachiona hunowanzobatwa nevarume - hupombwe hwakasimba hunowanzoratidza kunzwisisika kweicikine uye dzimwe tsika dzakaipa dzinokanganisa utano. Anenge mutevedzeri wese ane chirwere chakadaro chinoputa kana kuti akave ari pasi peicicin inodhaka kwenguva yakareba.
Mhando dzeTroat Cancer
Mune zviitiko zvakawanda, chirwere chepuropa chechimiro chinonyangadza chinowirirana ne squamous cell carcinoma kubva pakutanga. Maererano nevecologists 'kucherechedza, zvinodarika 95% zvezviitiko zvinowanikwa mumhando iyi yehutano. Zvichienderana nezvinoitwa morphological features zvechimiro chemuviri, ritsaure:
- neorogovevayuschy;
- keratinizing;
- akasiyana zvikuru nekenza.
Rudzi rwekutanga runoratidzwa nekukurumidza kukura uye kuumbwa kwenhamba yakawanda yemasitemu. Iyo tumarara inoshingaira kumativi akapoteredza. Inowanzoitika kakawanda kune dzimwe uye inowanikwa munzvimbo yepamusoro ye larynx. Muchirwere unoremekedzwa wehuro, iyo iyo iyo inopiwa pasi apa nekuda kwekukura kwekushanda kunotungamirira kukuderedza mutsara, zvichiita kuti kuve nekushaya simba uye kupererwa kwemhepo.
Kanzera inouraya yemutsipa, zviratidzo zvayo zvinonzi pasi apa, ine nzira shoma uye zvisingatauri maitiro emagetsi mune dzimwe nhengo. Nzvimbo inofarira yekukura kwechirwere ndiyo mitsetse yezwi. Nemhando yakasiyana kwazvo, kubatana nekukurumidza kwemashuga ane utano muhutano hunoitika. Murwere wakadaro wehuro, zviratidzo zvaro zvakanyorwa pasi apa, zvakaoma kubata.
Kanzera inouraya - zviratidzo zvose
Zviratidzo zvehuroti nekenza, nguva yekuonekwa kwavo, kuoma kwezviratidzo kunokonzerwa nekuwana nzvimbo yekudzidzira chirwere. Nokudaro, nekukunda kwemashure makuru pakati pezviratidzo zvekutanga, varwere vanocherechedza kurwadziwa pavanomedza, kurwadziwa kwenguva refu mumutsipa. Sechimwe chiratidzo, vanachiremba vanotaura kurwadziwa mumeno uye kurasikirwa kwavo.
Apo bundu rinoumba muzvikamu zvakaderera, nechiremera chemarara, varwere vanocherechedza kushanduka kamwe kamwe muzwi. Apo izwi rezwi rinodziviswa, murwere haagoni kutaura zvachose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, mukushayikwa kwekurapa kwakakodzera, kufema kunetseka, asphyxia, kutyisa hupenyu hwevarwere zvinogoneka.
Kanzera inouraya - yekutanga zviratidzo
Kushandurwa kamwe-kamwe kwezwi, kutya, kutonhora mukushaiwa kwechirwere uye chirwere chinoputika ndiwo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvepuropa rehuro. Sezvo kufambira mberi kuchikura, dysphagia - kunzwa kunorwadza pavanomedza kudya nemvura. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvakananga zvakanamatira padanho rekenza yehuro. Kusava nechirwere chakakodzera kunotungamirira kukura kwechirwere uye kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvitsva:
- kuwedzera kervical lymph nodes ;
- zvinonhuwira zvinobva mumuromo;
- chimiro mumateko eropa risina kunaka;
- kugunzva nemafuta;
- kuderera kwekuoma kwekunzwa (pane dzimwe nguva).
Kanzera inotyisa - danho 1
Kana murwere chete achikura nekenza yemutsipa, zviratidzo mumatangiro ekutanga ehutachiona hunenge husipo. Panoongorora chirwere ichi, chimiro chechirwere, vanachiremba vanoteerera kune:
- tumarara tukuru;
- kufamba kwemashoko ezwi;
- metastases (nhamba, ukuru).
Mushonga wekemero wehuro unotaridzika unobva pane danga rechirwere. Pachigamba chekutanga chirwere chinotanga kuwedzera muhuwandu uye chiri pamusoro pemarara, izwi rinoramba risina kuchinja. Masero eC Cancer anowanikwa mu glottis, asi mitsipa ichiri kugona kushanda zvakanaka. Ukuru hwemuviri wacho hudiki - maronda mashoma mamita emamita. Atypical cells aripo mu mucous membrane ye-larynx.
Kanzera inouraya - Gweta 2
Muchikamu chechipiri, kenza yemutsipa (zviratidzo mumatanho ekutanga angasavepo) dzinozviita pachayo nekuchinja inzwi. Izvo zvinoratidzirwa zvinotora ruzha. Mu epiglottis, vanachiremba vanoona zvinopfuura imwe chete, uyezve, futi yezvirwere inowanikwa mumasisita akavakidzani. Somugumisiro, kushambadzira kwemashoko emakumbo kunokanganisa, izvo zvinokonzera kuti zviratidzo zviratidzo: kutyisa, kuputika. Zvishoma nezvishoma, bundu racho rinogona kutora zvachose marashiro, asi hapana maitiro emakirini.
Kanzera inotyisa - danho rechitatu
Panguva iyi, chirwere chepuropa, zviratidzo nezviratidzo zvisingasiyane neavo zvataurwa pamusoro, zvinoshandisa zvachose marinha uye mazamu akakomberedza. Mitsetse yemazwi haigone kufamba, saka kurasikirwa kwezwi kwakakwana kunoitika. Masero eAtypical anoonekwa zvakananga mumatumbu elarynx. Panguva yekuongororwa, vanachiremba vanoona lymph nodes inoputika pamutsipa kubva kumativi eronda. Iyo yakakosha ye lymph node inogona kusvika kusvika pakureba 3 cm.
Kanzera inotyisa - nhanho 4
Nechirwere chakadaro chakadai, sechirwere chepuropa, chirwere chekupedzisira chechirwere chinopedzana nekukundwa zvachose kwelarynx uye pharynx. Izvo zvinotapukira zvinopfuurira kusvika kumusoro wepamusoro. Mishonga uye maitiro ayo zvinogona kupararira kune mavara emutsipa, trachea, chirwere chetachiona, pane dzimwe nguva chinopinda kumativi ekumusoro chekudya kwegestive - inokanganisa sophagus. Lymph nodes inowedzera kuwedzera muzwi. Chiyero chavo chinosvika masendimita matanhatu.Ukuchinja uku kunovhiringidza kudya uye kuporesa zvirongwa.
Kanzera inopisa - kuongororwa
Kuongororwa kwepuropi yepuropi kunobva pakuongorora kwakazara kwe pharynx, larynx. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona zvinogona kuonekwa ne laryngoscopy. Iyi nzira inobatsira kuongorora marinari nekubatsira kwemichina yakakosha - a laryngoscope. Penguva iyo nzira, chiremba anoongorora mazwi, mazwi emarara, pharynx uye mumuromo. Ne laryngoscopy, zvinokwanisika kutora shanduko yechipfuva chechipiri chinotevera - chidzidzo chake chechirevo chinotarisa kuvapo kwekenza masero, kutora kwavo.
Nokuda kwekuongororwa kwekenza yemuhuro, zviratidzo zvekuti panguva yekuongororwa kungave kusipo, nzira dzinotevera dzinoshandiswa zvakare:
- computed tomography (CT);
- Ultrasound;
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Kanzera inouraya - kufungidzira
Nehosha yakadai semukenza wehuro, vangani varwere vanogara-mubvunzo uyu unofarira varwere zvikuru. Vanachiremba havasi kupa mhinduro isina kufanira. Mazuva ano hutano hwemazuva ano hunotibvumira kuti tinyatsotsanangura kuti chii chinokurumidza chiremera chichatanga, izvo zviviri uye nhengo zvichabatanidzwa mukugadzirisa chirwere.
Zvakafanotaurwa zvakagadzirwa navanachiremba zvinobva pane zvinyorwa zvekuongororwa kwekliniki, kuongorora kwekuchinja kunoitika nevarwere vane chirwere chepuropa yehuro, zviratidzo zvingangodaro zvigadziriswa. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinoonekwa navanachiremba pakuongorora zvirwere ndezvekuti:
- danga rekumarara;
- kuwanda kwekukuvara;
- nhamba yenhengo dzakagadzikana;
- kudzika kwekupinda kwechirwere;
- zera remurwere;
- nhamba ye metastases.
Zvinokwanisika here kuporesa chirwere chemhope?
Kana kurapwa kwekenza yehuro kunotanga pamusana pekutanga, mukana wekusabvisa hutano hwakanaka. Nheyo yerapi ndiyo yekuvhiya kupindira. Nzira yekushanda, ivhu rayo yakatsunga kufungisisa maitiro uye kliniki zviratidzo zvechirwere. Zvibereko zvakanakisisa zvinoratidzira maitiro e-laser tumor ekubviswa muzvikamu zvekutanga zvekenza. Kushanda kupindira kunoshandiswa kakawanda pamatanho maviri echirwere ichi. Panyaya yekurapa, zvikamu 3-4 zvinoshandisa chemo- uye radiotherapy . Aya maitiro anononoka chirwere chekuora, kuvandudza hukama hwakanaka hwemurwere, kuwedzera hupenyu hwake.
Kanzera inotyisa - kupona kunofunga
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, hapana nyanzvi inokwanisa kufanotaura kuti iyo yakaipa yehuro inobereka sei ichapa kurapwa kana kuti ichafambira mberi nechivimbo, kunyange nekurapa kuri kuitwa. Nyanzvi dzinogona kungofunga kuti chii chichaitika kumurwere, pamusana pekurapa kwechipatara uye hutano hwake. Muchiitiko ichi, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti nhengo imwe neimwe inomunhu oga, saka kupotsa kubva kune zvakatarwa kunogona kuonekwa.
Kana iwe uchitarisa zvinyorwa zvinounganirwa kwemakore anoverengeka, varwere vane chirwere chepakati chekenza kenza vanorarama makore mashanu mushure mekunge vawanikwa mune 85% yematambudziko. Kuwedzera kwemakore mashanu ekupukunyuka pakati pevarwere vane chirwere chechikamu chechina chirwere chemazana 20%. Izvozvo zvinogona kunge zvinonzi laryngectomy - kushanda kubvisa tambo dzezwi. Uku kupindira kwekuvhiya kunowedzera hupenyu hwomurwere, kunomisa kupararira kwechirwere. Asi muchiito, havasi varwere vose vanobvumirana nekushandiswa kwayo.