Vanhu vemazuva ano vane maonero ekumavirira emagetsi uye nemigumisiro yaro, nokuti dambudziko guru rekupedzisira rakaitika makore anopfuura 30 apfuura. Ionizing radiation haina kuonekwa, asi inogona kukonzera kuipa uye kusakanganisika kuchinja mumuviri womunhu. Muchikamu chikuru, kamwe-kugamuchira doses, zvakanyanya kufa.
Chirwere chemazuva ano chii?
Nezwi iri rinoreva chirwere chechirwere, chinokonzerwa nechiito chemhando ipi zvayo yemayara. Icho chinopindirana nezviratidzo zvinoenderana nezvimwe zvikonzero:
- rudzi rwemazuva ano;
- iyo mibairo yakagamuchirwa;
- chiyero icho radioactive irradiation inopinda mumuviri;
- source localization;
- kugoverwa kwemuti mumuviri womunhu.
Chirwere chinonzi radiation
Nzira yakadaro yehutano inokonzerwa nemigumisiro yunifomu yehuwandu hwemashizha. Utachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunobuda pahutachiona hwemadhara dzinopfuura zana radhi (1 Gy). Iri bhuku re-radioactive particles rinofanira kuwanikwa kamwe, kwenguva pfupi. Chirwere chechirwere chechimiro ichi chinoita kuti zvioneke zvakajeka muchipatara zviratidzo. Pamuviri wepamusoro pe10 Gy, munhu anofa mushure mekutambudzwa kwenguva pfupi.
Chirwere chemazuva ano chirwere
Icho chinetso chechinetso chakaoma kunzwisisa kliniki syndrome. Izvozvo zvisingaiti zvechirwere zvinowanikwa kana maitiro e-radioactive irradiation ari pasi, anowedzera 10-50 radians pazuva kwemazuva mazhinji. Zviratidzo zvakananga zvehutachiona zvinowanikwa apo huwandu hwehutoni hunozosvika 70-100 rad (0.7-1 Gy). Kuoma kwekuongororwa panguva yakakodzera uye kurapa kwakatevera kunowanikwa mumagadzirirwo akaoma emasero matsva. Dambudziko rakaparadzwa rinodzorerwa, uye zviratidzo zvinoramba zvisingaonekwi kwenguva refu.
Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona
Zvinhu hunoenderana nehutano hunorondedzerwa huri pasi pechiito:
- X-ray radiation;
- ions, kusanganisira alpha uye beta;
- gamma rays;
- neutrons;
- protoni;
- muons uye zvimwe zvikamu zvepakutanga.
Zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutano muhuwandu hwakaoma:
- nenjodzi inopinza mumunda wesimba yenyukireya;
- kushandiswa kwehuwandu hwemhepo inocology, hematology, rheumatology;
- kushandisa zvombo zvenyukireya.
Chirwere chechirwere nechirwere chisingaperi chinorwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu e:
- kazhinji radiographic kana kuti radionuclide zvidzidzo mumishonga;
- mabasa ezvemhizha ane chokuita neayonizing rayation;
- kudya zvokudya zvakasvibiswa nemvura;
- kugara munzvimbo inopisa mahara.
Mafomu ehutachiona hwehutachiona
Mhando dzehutano dzakaratidzwa dzinoratidzirwa zvakasiyana nemhando yakasimba uye isingaperi yechirwere. Muchiitiko chekutanga, mafomu anotevera anozivikanwa:
- Bone marrow. Inopindirana neyero inonzi ray Gy. Iyi ndiyo nzira bedzi yehutachiona ine zviyero zvekuoma uye nguva yekufambira mberi.
- Transitional. Iyo inokura mushure mekutsvaga mazai eoni iine mazamu mu 6-10 Gy. Chinetso chakaipa, dzimwe nguva chinoguma norufu.
- Intestinal. Inoitika apo kusvibiswa kwemazuva ano 10-20 Gy. Zviratidzo zvakananga zvinowanikwa mumaminitsi ekutanga echirwere, mhedzisiro inouraya inoitika mushure memakore 8-16 nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwakakwana kwepachivi epithelium.
- Vascular. Imwe mazita ndiyo mararamiro ehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, hunoenderana nesero re ionization ra20-80 Gy. Rufu runoitika shure kwemazuva manomwe kurwisana nemamiriro ekurwa kukuru kwehemodynamic.
- Cerebral (fulminant, acute). Chirwere chemakiriniki chinopera nekurasikirwa kwekuziva uye kudonha kwehutano hweropa mushure mekunge kuve nekubuda kwemaawa 80-120 Gy. Mhedzisiro inouraya inowanikwa mumazuva matatu ekutanga, dzimwe nguva munhu anofa mukati maawa mashoma.
- Rufu pasi peira. Paanodarika 120 Gy, mhuka inorarama inofa pakarepo.
Chirwere chechirwere chisingaperi chine chirwere chakakamurwa kuva zvitatu:
- Basic. Kunze kwemajeni ekubuda kwemazuva kwenguva yakareba.
- Inhomogeneous. Inosanganisira zvose zvekunze nekunze kwemajekiseni nechisarudzo kune dzimwe nhengo uye maviri.
- Akabatanidzwa. Kusasarudzwa kusina kufanana nemirairo (nzvimbo uye systemic) nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwehupenyu hwose.
Degrees of radiation sickness
Kuoma kwekuputsika kunoongororwa maererano nehuwandu hwemazuva akawanikwa. Chiyero chekuratidzwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona:
- chiedza - 1-2 Gy;
- midzi-yakakura - 2-4 Gy;
- Inorema - 4-6 Gy;
- rakaremera-kupfuura 6 Gy.
Mazayiro ekurwara - zviratidzo
Chirwere chemakiriniki chechirwere chinoenderana nekuumbwa kwaro uye chiyero chekukuvadza kune nhengo dzomukati uye maviri. Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa nezvehutachiona hwehutachiona pane imwe nzvimbo iri nyore:
- kushaya simba;
- nausea;
- headaches;
- pronounced blush;
- kugona;
- kuneta;
- manzwiro okuoma, kusuruvara mumuromo .
Zviratidzo zvemazuva ano kusvika kune zvidimbu zvakanyanya:
- kurutsa;
- fever;
- diarrhea;
- kuchena kwakanyanya kweganda;
- fainting;
- severe headache;
- hypotension;
- kusagadzirisa kwepfungwa;
- bradycardia ;
- kusava nekubatana;
- kugunun'una kudonha kwemakumbo;
- kusava nenzara;
- itching;
- matumbo okudzivirira ;
- kubuda ropa;
- kuumbwa kwezvironda pamucheka mutsvuku;
- kurasikirwa kwebvudzi;
- kuponda, brittle misumari;
- kushungurudzwa kwezvikamu zvemuviri;
- kurwadziwa mumoyo ;
- kupumhidza maitiro zvirwere;
- kudedera kweminwe;
- kunyangarika kwetendon reflexes;
- kuderera kwematomu tone;
- mukati hemorrhages;
- kuora kwehupamhi hwekuita kwemaitiro;
- hepatitis nevamwe.
Nguva dzehutachiona hwehutachiona
Kuparara kwemazizi akaoma kunowanikwa mumatanho mana. Nguva imwe neimwe inobva pane imwe nzvimbo yehutachiona hwehutachiona uye hutsinye hwakanyanya:
- Primary reaction. Chikamu chekutanga chinotora mazuva mashanu, nguva yaro inotarwa zvichienderana neyakagamuchirwa yeirradiation - chiyero muGy + 1. Chiratidzo chikuru chekutanga chinonyanya kudhakwa kwemuviri , chinosanganisira zviratidzo 5 zvekutanga-musoro, kushaya simba, kurutsa, kubwinya kweganda uye muviri wekushisa .
- Kufungidzira zvakanaka-kuva. Iyo "chitunha chekufamba" chikamu chinoratidzika nekusavapo kwechimwe chimiro chechipatara. Murwere anofunga kuti chirwere chema radiation chakaderera, asi kuchinja kwehutano mumuviri kuri kufambira mberi. Kuongororwa kwechirwere kunogona kungokonzerwa nekuputswa kweropa.
- The heat. Panguva ino, zvizhinji zvezviratidzo zvakanyorwa pamusoro apa zvinowanikwa. Kusuruvara kwavo kunobva paukure hwechiremera uye muroti wemirasi yeioni inogamuchirwa.
- Kudzorera. Nechiremera chinogamuchirwa chemavara anowirirana nehupenyu, uye kurapa kwakakwana, kupora kunotanga. Zvose nhengo uye zvigadziriro zvishoma nezvishoma zvinodzokera kune zvisizvo zvinoshanda.
Mirizhonga zvirwere - kurapwa
Therapy inogadzirwa pashure pemigumisiro yekuongororwa kwevanhu vakakuvara. Kubudirira kwehutano hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunoenderana nehuwandu hwekukuvara uye kuoma kwehutachiona. Paunenge uchiwana madhiyabhorosi maduku, inodzika kudzivisa zviratidzo zvehupfu uye kuchenesa muviri wehupfu. Mumatambudziko akaoma, chirwere chakakosha chinodiwa, chinangwa chekugadzirisa kushungurudzwa kwose kwakasimuka.
Chirwere chinokonzera chirwere ndicho chirongwa chokutanga chekurapa
Kana munhu akabatwa nehutachiona, boka reongorori rinofanira kunziidzwa pakarepo. Vasati vasvika, iwe unofanirwa kuita chimwe chinhu.
Utachiona hwemazuva ano hutachiona - rubatsiro rwekutanga:
- Kunyatsodzivisa munhu anenge achinetseka (zvipfeko zvinobva zvaraswa).
- Shamba muviri wose pasi pemvura.
- Zvakanaka kuchenesa maziso, muromo uye masikati uye soda solution.
- Rinisa dumbu uye utumbo.
- Ipai antiemetics (Metoclopramide kana chero mifananidzo yakafanana).
Kurwara kwakanyanya kwemazuva ano - kurapwa
Apo paanopinda mumakiriniki echipatara munhu anoiswa muvhare rakaoma (bhokisi) kudzivirira utachiona uye zvimwe zvinetso zvehutano hwakarondedzerwa. Chirwere chechirwere chinodikanwa chinotevera kurapa kwekurapa:
- Kupera kwekurutsira. Akagadzwa Ondansetron, Metoclopramide, neuroleptic Chlorpromazine. Mukuvapo kwechirwere, platifillin hydrotartrate kana atropine sulfate inonyatsokodzera.
- Detoxification. Droppers ane chirwere chepanyama uye glucose, Dextran kugadzirira anoshandiswa.
- Substitution therapy. Chirwere chemashizha chakanyanya chinosanganisira parenteral chikafu. Kuti uite izvi, mafuta emulsions uye zvinogadziriswa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekutsvaga zvinhu, amino acids uye mavitamini - Intralipid, Lipofundin, Infezol, Aminol nevamwe.
- Kudzorerwa kwekugadzirwa kweropa. Kukurudzira kuumbwa kwe granulocytes uye kuwedzera kunyanya muviri mumuviri mukati mavo kupiwa Filgrastim. Vakawanda vanorwara nehutachiona hwemagetsi vanowedzerawo kuwedzera kuwedzerwa ropa rose.
- Kuchivirira uye kudzivirira kwezvirwere. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ine maitiro akawanda zvakakosha inodiwa - Methylcin, Tseporin, Kanamycin uye zvakafanana. Biological-type preparations, zvakadai sehuwandu hwemvura, plasma epististophylococcal, inobatsira kuwedzera kubudirira kwavo.
- Kubviswa kwebasa remukumbo microflora uye fungi. Munyaya iyi, zvakare, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inorayirwa - Neomycin, Gentamicin, Ristomycin. Kudzivirira candidiasis, Nystatin, Amphotericin B.
- Therapy ye virusi. Sekudzivirira kurapwa, Acyclovir inokurudzirwa.
- Kurwisa kubuda ropa. Kuvandudza kuwirirana kweropa nekusimbisa masvingo emasvingo anopa steroid hormone, Dicinone, Rutin, fibrinogen protein, E-ACC kugadzirira.
- Kudzorerwa kwe microcirculation nekudzivirira kwemafuti eropa. Akashandisa heparins - Nadroparin, Enoxaparin uye zvakafanana.
- Kupirovanie inflammatory processes. Kukurumidza kunogadzirwa kunobudiswa ne prednisolone mudiki madheji.
- Kudzivirira kwekuwa. Ratidza glycosides remwoyo , Nitacamide, Phenylephrine, Sulphocamphocaine.
- Kuvandudzwa kwemutemo we neuroendocrine. Intravenously injected Novocain, inoshandiswawo mavitamini B, calcium gluconate.
- Antiseptic kurapwa kwezvironda pamucheka. Yakakurudzirwa rinsing soda kana novocaine solution, furatsilinom, hydrogen peroxide, emulsion propolis nezvimwe zvakadaro.
- Chirongwa chemuhara cheganda rakagadzirirwa. Panzvimbo dzakatsva kupfekedzwa kwemvura kunoshandiswa neRivanol, Linol, Furacilin.
- Symptomatic treatment. Zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvinowanika, varwere vanorayirwa zvinodhaka, antihistamines uye mishonga inorwadza, runyararo.
Dhiyabhorosi yenguva refu chirwere - kurapwa
Icho chikuru chekurapa mune izvi mamiriro ekuguma kwemashamwari nemirairo. Nezvipembenene zvinyoro, zvinokurudzirwa:
- vitaminized diet;
- kushandisa therapy;
- zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo emutambo weshungu (lemongrass, ginseng nevamwe);
- Kugadzirira bromine ne caffeine;
- mavitamini eboka B;
- pane zviratidzo - zvigadzidzo.
Nzira, maitiro ekurapa marwadzo emishonga yekusingaperi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, akafanana nemashandisirwo ekurapa kwechimiro chemaitiro echirwere. Kuwedzera kwehutano hwezvokurapa kunoenderana neizvi:
- dhigiriyamu inokanganisa;
- kutaura kwezvinhu zvakasiyana;
- kuvapo kwezvinetso.
Migumisiro yehutachiona hwemazuva
Chimiro chekuvhiringidza kusingagadziki kunofanana nemhando yemasero akaiswa ionisation uye chiremba chakatambira. Migumisiro yehuwandu hwemhepo inotyisa:
- shortened life expectancy;
- cataract;
- maronda anonyangadza;
- gene mutations (nhaka);
- kuchinja muhutano hwekubereka;
- sclerosis yemidziyo yeropa uye tishu;
- zvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira uye vamwe.
Mirizhonga chirwere - kudzivirira
Matanho ekudzivirira anobatsira kudzivirira kusimbiswa kwezvirwere zvinoratidzirwa. Kudzivirirwa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona:
- kuongorora nzvimbo dzinotarisana nemirairo;
- kuchengetedza mitemo yekudzivirira basa;
- kugamuchira ra radioprotector, vitamini C, B6 uye P;
- kushandisa hormonal anabolics.