Kenza yemaperembudzi chirwere chinouraya chinowedzera kubva kumapapuli epithelium ane chirwere. Sayenzi yemazuva ano inoedza munzira dzose dzinogona kuwana nzira dzokurapa mukenza wemapapu, zvisinei, chiyero chekufa kubva muchirwere ichi nhasi 85%.
Chikonzero chikuru chemukenza wemapapu, nekakarurama, inofungidzirwa kuva kusvuta. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti muutsi hwefodya inowedzera huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa necarcinogenic zvinokanganisa kemikemikari inoitwa mumuviri womunhu uye inotungamirira pakuonekwa kwechirwere. Pane chimwe chikonzero chechirwere ichi - mutapukamu wemapapu inokonzerwa nemararamiro evanhu, chikafu chake, tsika uye zvinhu zvakawanda zvakapoteredza. Gore negore munyika yedu zvinopfuura 65 000 maitiro emukenza wemapapu akanyoresa. Kufa kunobva kuhutano uku kunokonzera 15% yevamwe kanzira. Uye, zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti varume vanowanzobatwa nekenza yemapapu kupfuura vakadzi.
Zviratidzo zvemukenza wemapapu
Matanho ekutanga emukenza wemapapu anogona kuitika pasina zviratidzo. Nekuvandudzwa kwechirwere, zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yakabva mutezo - mu bronchus (kanhi yemapapu yemapapu) kana mumapapu emapapu (chirwere chemapapu chemapapu).
Zviratidzo zvepakati pekenza yemapapu ndeyokuti:
- kuora kwenguva refu;
- kurwadziwa mubhokisi panguva yekufuridzirwa;
- hoarseness;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- chirwere chemapapu chenguva dzose - bronchitis, pneumonia.
Ne chirwere chemapapu emapapu, zviratidzo hazvipo kwenguva yakareba. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, rudzi urwu rwechirwere mumatanho ekutanga hunoonekwa panguva yakarongwa X-ray. Zviratidzo zvinoremedza mutsa wemapapu - kukomba, kurwadziwa kwepfuva, fivha, zvinowanikwa chete nekuwedzera kwechirwere muhukuru.
Mumukenza wemapapu, metastases (yechipiri foci chechirwere chetachiona) nokukurumidza kuonekwa. Nechitarisiko chavo, pane zvimwe zviratidzo zvemukenza wemapapu - dambudziko nekumedza uye kutaura, marwadzo munhengo dzechifuva chechifuva. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chiremara chinotanga kuisa kumanikidzwa kune nhengo dzoutano dziri pedo. Chimiro chemasitasisita chinogona kukonzera marwadzo emapfupa, yellow skin, chirwere, utera. Kana iwe uchinge uine chero humwe hwezviratidzo zvataurwa pamusoro apa, unofanirwa kushevedza chiremba wako.
Kuongororwa kwemukenza wemapapu
Kuongororwa kwechirwere mumatanho ekutanga kunonetsa, nokuti zvitsva hazviwanzoratidzira zvakazara mufananidzo wechirwere. Pakutanga kwekutanga, mutsa wemapapu kazhinji unokanganisa nepineumonia.
Nzira huru yekuona musha wemapapu ndeye X-rays. Mukuwedzera kune X-rays, mushonga wemazuva ano unorwara mutsara wemapapu nemubatsiro wekambori tomography, magnetic resonance imaging uye positron emission tomography.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekubatsira kutsanangura chirwere - bronchoscopy, morphological examination, mediastinoscopy.
Mhando yemukenza wemapapu
Vanachiremba vanosarudza chirwere ichi maererano nekusiyana kwezvidzidzo zvake zvepfungwa dzemakumbo: saramumu chemapapu yemapapu, sero duku, guru-cell uye kenza yakaoma. Squamous cell carcinoma inoratidzwa nekukura kunononoka kwechirwere uye kusasipo kwenguva kwemasastases. Muchirwere unochera, zvakare, unowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi unoratidzwa nekukurumidza kupararira kuburikidza neropa remunhu. Makore-masero uye maduku-kenza yemukenza yemapapu inobudirira, kusiyana nemamwe mhando, zvakakurumidza. Iyi miviri miviri yechirwere iyo inoberekwa muchitarisiko chekutanga chemasimisita.
Matanho emukenza wemapapu
Kusiyanisa zvikamu zvinotevera zvemukenza wemapapu:
- nheyo "0" inoratidzirwa nekuunganidza kwetukutu masero;
- 1 danho. Ikoko kune chirwere chemukati kusvika 3 cm muhukuru;
- 2 danho. Dumbu racho rinogona kuwedzera, asi kukura kwechiremera kunoitika;
- 3 danho. Tumhanho inowedzera, kumera kunoitika munhengo dzinopoteredza.
- pazvikamu zvina zvemukenza wemapapu, chirwere chinogona kuva cheshamba chero ipi zvayo nehupo hwemastasisis.
Kurapa kwemukenza wemapapu
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokurapa kenza yemapapu:
- Kugadzirwa. Chiremba anoita chirwere chemapapu emapapu pane nhengo yakakanganiswa, panguva iyo yese masero emarara anenge abviswa. Kuoma kweiyo nzira iri muchokwadi chokuti kana chirwere chacho chisina kubvisa zvinenge 1% zvemasero emukenza, chirwere chichadzokazve. Nzira yekuvhiya inobudirira kwazvo mumatangiro ekutanga ekurwisana kwechirwere, neine 4 degree yemapapu emapapu nzira iyi haipei chivimbo chepamusoro chechiitiko chakanaka.
- Radiation therapy. Kurapa kwemapapu emapapu kunoitwa pamwe nekubatsirwa nemirairo ineoni.
Kubudirira kwenzira yacho yakakwirira kwazvo, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yakawanda yemigumisiro inowanikwa. - Chemotherapy. Kazhinji inoshandiswa mukurapa mutsa wemapapu uye chemotherapy. Nekuda kweizvi, zvirongwa zvakakosha zvinowanikwa mumuviri wemurwere, izvo zvinoderedza masero emukenza uye, panguva imwechete, hazvikuvadzi hutano.
- Kunewo dzimwe nzira dzehutano hwemhando yemukenza wemapapu. Nokudzivirira uye kurapwa kwechirwere uchishandisa infusions yemishonga yakasiyana-siyana uye mukaka. Mamwe mapeji ekurapwa kwemaperembudzi emapapu anogona kuwanikwa pamisasa yakatsaurirwa nyaya iyi.
Kanzira chirwere umo zuva rose rinoverenga. Kana pane kunyange chiratidzo chiduku chechirwere, unoda kushanyira chiremba pasina nguva.