Kupihwa kwevatambi - zvinorambidzwa uye zvinotenderwa zvinodhaka

Vakawanda vanopembererwa vakarasikirwa nemapurisa avo uye mazita avo pakarepo paakazojekesa kuti muviri wavo une zvinhu zvakanyanyisa. Kusvikira ikozvino, kune mibvunzo yakawanda uye kusava nechokwadi pakati pevatungamiri vanotungamira pamusoro pekuti zvinokwanisika kushandisa doping. Kuti upindure mubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chii uye nei ichi kushandiswa.

Kuderedza - chii ichocho?

Kuderedza - ndiko kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakarambidzwa zvezvisikwa kana zvigadzirwa, izvo zvinokubvumira kuti uwane zvigaro zvakanakisisa mumitambo. Kunyanya kwezvinodhaka kunokurudzira kuwedzera kwenguva pfupi mubasa re endocrine uye nervous systems, inowedzera musero mashoma nekuda kweprotini synthesis. Mishonga yakadaro yakarongwa mune imwe nhamba yakadhindwa yeNyika Anti-Doping Agency. Kushandiswa kwavo kunotungamirira kune zvisingadi zvinovhiringidza uye zvinokuvadza hutano hwevanhu.

Doping inoshanda sei?

Anabolic steroid hormone ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa. Zvimwe zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvine testosterone, iyo inobudiswa nemarume masero emajeri. Nekubatsira kwevanabolic kuwedzera mune simba remuviri, musuru wezwi uye kutsungirira kunoitika. Mushure mekushandisa mamwe masimba nemubatsiro wemishonga, ivo vane simba idzva vanosimudza mikana yemuviri womunhu kune imwe itsva.

Kutamba mutambo - "nokuda" uye "kurwisana"

Nokuti mutambi wacho anokosha chikonzero, chaanogona kubudirira kuburikidza nekubatsirwa nekudzidzira kwakaoma. Nokudaro, zvose zvinogona kuita zvinowanzoshandiswa kuti zvibudirire mhinduro dzakakwirira. Izvozvo zvingava kukanganisa kunyengera kutaura chido chekuchengetedza utano kuvarwi. Uye mitambo chete inobvumira mutambi wacho kuti arambe achiita simba remuviri ane simba guru.

Maonero evanodzidza kana zvichibvira kushandisa dopa, vakaparadzirwa. Masayendisiti avo vakataura, vanoti:

1. Chibvumirano chekushandisa doping chichaita kuti mitambo ive yakachengeteka, pachava nechido chekuita mishonga yakachengeteka uye inoshanda.
2. Kubvumirwa kwekuita doping kunobatsira kudzivirira kuderedza zvinodhaka uye kukuvadza vatambi.

Masayendisiti avo vakapikisa, vanoti:

1. Chibvumirano chekunyengera chinogona kutungamirira kukuti vashambadziri vese vanozotangawo kugamuchira uye kuvimbika kwemutambo kunogona kuparara.
2. Vatambi vanotora dope, vanozviisa pangozi yakawanda: mwoyo wehutachiona, high cholesterol , zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, zvakakomba zvechiropa, kuchinja mune zvepabonde, utsinye.
3. Kuderedza kunoita kuti mitambo isakanganise, ichagumisa kuva yakasiyana nedzimwe basa rekutengeserana.
4. Kushandiswa kwekuita doping kunotungamirira kumitambo isina kutendeseka, kunokanganisa pfungwa chaiyo yekuenzana pakati pevatambi, uye kubudirira munyaya iyi hazviiti kuburikidza nekudzidzira kupfuurira, asi kuburikidza nemakemikari anoita muviri kumuviri.

Mitemo yedoping

Iko kune marudzi akatevera ekudhirosa mumitambo:

1. Zvinokurudzira . Zvinobatsira kuwedzera kwehutano, ropa, basa romwoyo, kuvhiringidza thermoregulation.
2. Analgesics . Zvinobatsira mukati mehutachiona hwehurumende, kuwedzera murwere wekunzwa , uye mutambi mukutambudzika haakwanisi kunzwisisa kusakisisa kwayo, izvo zvinotungamirira kune zvimwe zvinokuvadza.
3. Beta-blockers . Vanobatsira kuderedza kuwandisa kwepfungwa dzepfungwa, kuva nekunyaradza, kuvandudza kubatana, kunoshandiswa apo pasina chikonzero chekuita basa rakakomba.
4. Diuretics . Batsira kukurumidza kuora muviri. Mishonga yakadaro inotorwa kuitira kuti ivandudze kuponeswa kwemisumbu uye musati wamboita doping kudzora kubva nokukurumidza kubva mumuviri wemishonga inorambidzwa.
5. Erythropoietin inovandudza kutsungirira.
6. Kukura kwehomoni kunokurudzira kukurumidza kukura kwemaviri emasumbu, kuderedza kwemafuta, kuwedzera kuporesa kwemaonda, kusimbisa kwehutachiona.
7. Insulin . Inoshandiswa mumitambo yemasimba.
8. Anabolic steroids . Vanobatsira kuwedzera musimba mashekeri kusvika gumi kilogiramu pamwedzi, kuwedzera simba, kutsungirira, kubereka, kuderedza mafuta aripo.
9. Gene doping . Uku ndiko kutengesa kwemashure ekunyengera kwemajini kana masero mumutumbi wemutambi. Mune dzimwe nguva yakasimba kudarika mamwe mishonga yose yaimbovapo.

Kutamba kwevatambi

Kunyora mumitambo kunodzokera kune nguva dzeUSSR. Mumazuva iwayo, vanachiremba vakasika mhando dzose dzemishonga kuti vakwanise kutsungirira mumuviri wevatambi. Yakagadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma urongwa wemishonga yakakurumbira:

1. Erythropoietin ibasa rakarambidzwa kune vatambi.
2. Anabolic steroids muchimiro che testosterone, stanozolol, nandrolone, methenolone.
3. Kuwedzerwa ropa - autohemotransfusion nekuwedzerwa ropa.
4. Zvinokurudzira nenzira ye cocaine, ephedrine, ecstasy, amphetamines.

Kurwisana kweuropi

Doping for chess player inomiririrwa nemishonga inovandudza uropi hunoita basa, maitiro epfungwa, simulators uye nootropics, yekare yakambova nesimba asi yenguva pfupi, iyo yekupedzisira inogumira, inokodzera kwenguva refu yekukurudzira. Mukutanga uye yechipiri zviitiko, zvinodhaka zvinowedzera ku:

• kukurudzira kweropa kunopera muuropi;
• kuvandudza unhu hwekudya kwakakwana kwemasero europi;
• kubviswa kwe oksijeni nzara;
• Kuvandudzwa kwezvakanaka zvekuziva;
• chiyeuchidzo, tarisa.

Kutora kutsungirira

Kemikari kana doping chaiyo inobatsira kuita zvinangwa. Doping yemakemikari yekushanda inoshandiswa nenzira yeanaleptic agents, kukura hormones, diuretics uye anabolic zvinodhaka. Zvinhu zvepanyama zvinomiririrwa neveet, mollusks, leuzeem, St. John's wort. Chimwe chezvinhu izvi zvinoreva kupa:

• kubudirira kwekutsungirira nekushanda nesimba;
• kubvisa kuneta;
• kuwedzera kwekutaura;
• kushungurudza kwemasuru twumukisi kukura;
• kunze kwemvura.

Kupera kwekuvaka musisi

Doping agents vanobatsira kuvaka musimba mashoma, vanovandudza simba uye kupisa mafuta. Mishonga inoshandiswa mumishonga pakuvaka muviri inomiririrwa nemishonga inotevera:

1. Hypoxen, inowedzera kutsungirira ne15%, inobvisa kuperevedza kwefema, inovandudza kushandiswa kweokisijeni muropa, ine zvinobatsira pamwoyo yemagetsi, iyo inoratidzira doping yemwoyo.
2. Pentoxifylline, inoderedza visikanisi yeropa, inoderedza midziyo yeropa. Contraindicated muhutano hwehutano uye kuwedzerwa kweropa. Mishonga inobudiswa nemishonga.
3. Schisandra, inovandudza inzwi rehutano hwemagetsi, inovandudza kudya uye kurara kwehutano.
4. Potassium orotate inobatanidzwa pakugadzirwa kwemapuroteni mamolekemu, inobatsira kuvaka musumbu.

Kurambidza simba

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvekuwana mikana yemitambo yakasimba simba remuviri. Nokuda kweizvi, vatambi vanoshandisa ancillary drugs:

1. Actoprotectant, inowedzera kugadzikana, inobatsira zvikuru pamagetsi emagetsi, cardio-breathing system uye mishonga yemaviri.
2. Amino acids kubatsira muprotini synthesis.
3. "Ketani yebazi amino acids". Mhedzisiro yekuita doping inoratidzwa mune kuwedzerwa kwesimba ne10%, kudzorerwa kweglycogen mumatumbo.
4. L-carnitine inowedzera kutsungirira, inoderedza kuneta, kurwadziwa, kunopisa mafuta akawanda.
5. Methionine, inobereka kutsungirira mumuviri , haibvumiri muviri kuti usvike.

Chii chinokuvadza pamusoro pekuita doping?

Kunyanya kunetseka kunobatawo hutano hwepfungwa, zvichikonzera utsinye, nyota yekukunda uye kubudirira kwezvinangwa zvakatemwa. Asi nokuti vanabolic zvinodhaka zvinotorwa kubva kumahomoni evanhu, zvinodzivisa zvirongwa zve endocrine zvebonde zvepabonde, izvo zvinoita kuti:

• kuderedzwa kwee testes, mabasa avo ehomoni;
• kunonoka kuderedza hutano kukwanisa kuderedza kusagadzikana;
• kuiswa kwemazana emafuta, munzvimbo dzinenge dzichimiro chemuviri wechikadzi;
• kuwedzera kwemammary glands.

Madzimai vanorasikirwa nevhudzi mumusoro maererano nemhando yevarume uye vhudzi, vhudzi, bvudzi, inzwi rinenge rakaoma, rakadzika, kubuda kwemwedzi kunoputika, chibereko chinoputika, kuvharwa kwezvipembenene zvakasununguka uye kubereka kunowedzera. Kukanganisa kwekuita doping muvarume nevakadzi kunoratidzwa mune kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwecholesterol, kuonekwa kweherosclerosis, kukura kweIschemia, kuora kwechiropa.

Nzira yekuita sei?

Kana uchida kuita dope pamba pasina mari yekuwedzera, unogona kushandisa mapeji anotevera:

1. Simba rinonwa. Inonzwika uye inokurudzira. Brew achibika mvura mitatu yetii mu 200 ml yemvura. Mushure memaminitsi gumi, dururirai mhinduro mumapurasitiki pasi pekafura yeti, gadzai mamwe ose nemvura inotonhora. Wedzera 20 dragees ye ascorbic acid, siswededze, inzvimbo mufiriji. Pamuviri wega woga, tora kunwa mune zviduku.
2. Inwa pasina caffeine. Tora bhodhoro, udire mukati maro hafu yemaundi emvura, udimbure mukati mawo zvikamu zvishomanana zvehuchi, uwedzere jisi reraimu imwe, 0.15-0.30 g ye succinic acid , 10-20 madonhwe ewaini tincture ye adaptogen. Kunwa kwakadaro kuchakuzadza nesimba, kunowedzera kukurudzira uye kukurudzira.

Kuderedza - kufadza chokwadi

Kwenguva yokutanga yakasvika pakuzivikanwa nezvekuita doping panguva yeMitambo yeOlympic muna 1960. Kushandiswa kwezvinodhaka zvisina kukodzera kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiro dambudziko rinonyanya kukosha mumitambo yemazuva ano uye rinosanganisira zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza:

1. Pakati pemakwikwi muhuta, varwi vanotora mimwe mishonga sechiremba vanovhiya panguva yekushanda kuitira kuti maoko avo arege kudedera.
2. Apo doping kudzora inotarisirwa kuti vatambi vechikadzi vataridzwe kuve nekuita pamuviri, nokuti masayendisiti akadzidza kuti mamiriro aya anogona kukura humwe huviri hwehuviri.
3. Mumakore ekuma1990 emakore ekupedzisira, masayendisiti akatora ropa kubva kuvarwi, achivadzingirira, uye akazodururira mukati mekupedzisira kwemakwikwi. Izvi zvakabatsira kuvandudza kupararira kweropa, kuwedzera kutsungirira. Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana munhu aigona kuona matanho ekugadzirira.
4. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvakaratidzwa kuti vanenge vari vatambi vose vanobva muboka reightlifting vakakunda nekushandisa doping zvinodhaka.

Vakatambi vanobatwa muDoping

Nhoroondo yemitambo yenyika yakarangarirwa nevatambi vakabatwa mukudengesa:

1. Ben Johnson . ICanada sprinter, mubairo-mukunda weOlympic ya1984, yakakunda mamita mamita mazana pasi pemaminitsi gumi, kaviri yakaputsa nyika yose. Muna 1988 akabatwa, asina kukodzera hupenyu.
2. Lance Armstrong , akava nyanzvi yenguva minomwe mu "Tour de France" mabhasikoro, mushure mekunge kwenguva yakareba uye zvakaoma kurwisana nekenza. Muna 2012 akatongerwa uye haana kukodzera muupenyu. Mutambi akakamanikidzwa kudzoka mubairo wose, mazita, asi kunyange izvi hazvina kumudzivisa kuva nhoroondo.
3. Yegor Titov . Mutambi wenyika yeRussia, uyo munguva yake akatamba muchikamu chikuru che "Spartacus", zvino mu "Khimki", uye mu "Locomotive". Muna 2004, akanga asina kukodzera kwegore. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, nekuda kwekushayikwa kwaTitov muchechi, boka iri iro rakaitwa risina kubudirira. Iye zvino Titov ari kuita basa rekudzidzisa.