Unoziva here mutambo wemutambo unozivikanwa sehosi wemitambo uye nei? Kuti apindure mubvunzo uyu, munhu anofanira kutendeukira kune nhoroondo yemitambo - kunyanya, iyo yakanyorwa. Mushure mezvose, panewo maitiro emitambo yemitambo iyo isina kukanganisa kukosha kwayo kwemakore anopfuura 2000.
Mambokadzi weMitambo - mitambo
Yaiva mitambo yakapiwa chimiro chakadai chekunyengera. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kunyange munguva dzakare-kare maitiro akadaro akashandiswa kunatsiridza kudzidziswa kwemauto. Iwe zvechokwadi ucharega kushamisika kuti nei mitambo ari mambokadzi wemitambo, kana uchiziva kuti aiva chikamu chepurogiramu yeMitambo yeOlympic yekutanga iyo yakaitwa muGreece yekare muna 776 BC. Iyi ndiyo yakasikwa, yemutambo wepanyama iyo inongosimbiswa kuitira kusimbisa muviri wose.
Athletics semutambo: nhoroondo yezvino
Mune nguva ino, mitambo inogonawo kuve "inopindira" yemhando dzose dzemakwikwi. Kunyange mumazana emakore 18-19, zvinyorwa zvakakonzerwa zvakanyorwa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana emutambo uyu. Zvepamutemo zvinotendwa kuti kutanga kwemakwikwi emazuva ano munhangemutange akaiswa muna 1837 mune zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana muEngland. Gare gare vakawedzerwa kuburikidza nekumhanya kwemakwikwi madiki, vachikandira nucleus, vachikwira murefu, vachimhanya nezvipingamupinyi, kufamba uye nezvimwe.
Muna 1865 mumuguta weEngland muLondon Athletic Club yakatangwa, nekuda kwekuti mitambo yakava yakawanda yakakurumbira uye yakakurumbira. Izvi zvakagadziriswa nechitarisiko cheAmateur Athletic Association, iyo yakabatanidza masangano mashoma enyika ino.
Uyezve vamwe vatambi, vahosi vemitambo, vauya kuU.SA. The Athletic Club yakarongeka muna 1868 muNew York. Pashure pacho, "fashoni" yevatambi yakauya kune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, umo masangano akasiyana-siyana uye makirabhu akatangawo kuumba. Kubva muna 1896, apo Mitambo yeOlympic yakamutswazve, nhandare-uye-mashese emitambo yakawanda-shure kwezvose, achiyeuka yeOlympiads yekutanga, avo vakaronga vakatungamira mune shanduro itsva yemakwikwi.
MuRussia purogiramu-uye-mashizha emitambo yakatanga kupararira kubva muna 1888, apo boka rekutanga remitambo riri mumhanya rakaratidzwa munzvimbo yePetersburg. Kubvira panguva iyo maitiro uye masimba emitambo haasati akanganwika uye ave achigara ari pane urongwa hwemakwikwi emakwikwi emakwikwi emitambo.
Mambokadzi weMitambo nhasi
Nenzira, mitambo inosanganisira kumhanya, kufamba, kutumbuka uye kukanda, izvo zvakakamurwa muzvirevo zvinotevera:
- running types;
- mutambi anofamba;
- technic types (kuruka nekukandira);
- zvose-zvakapoteredza;
- Anomhanya (achishamira mumugwagwa mukuru);
- cross-country running.
Somugumisiro wemakwikwi, uyo anokunda anosarudzwa, izvo zvinogona kunge ari mutambi kana timu yakaratidza mugumisiro wakanaka
Nenzira, vatambi nevatambi vanogona kutanga mitambo kubva panguva inofadza - makore mashanu nemashanu. Pakutanga mwana wacho akatanga kutora mutambo uyu, kunyanya kuti achabudirira kuburikidza nawo.
Iyi ndiyo imwe yemitambo yakakurumbira - nhasi mitambo inowanikwa pakati pevasikana uye pakati pevarume. I International Association of Athletics Federation, inoshandisa kubva muna 1912, inobatanidza masangano anopfuura 200 enyika.