Utano ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa kwevanhu, asi chero bedzi isingakundiki, vanhu havawanzofunga nezvazvo. Kutanga kuchengetedza hutano hunoenderera mberi kana huri: kuchengetedza kuti inoparadza, nekuteerera kune izvo zvinomusimbisa.
Chii chine utano - tsanangudzo
Kutarisa kuti utano hupi, hwakashandurwa kupfuura kwenguva. Saka, muzana remakore rechi11 BC. chiremba Galen anotsanangurwa hutano semamiriro ayo asina marwadzo, uye ayo anobatsira kuita zvizere mabasa. Kubva kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, maonero ehutano akachinja zvikuru, akawedzerwa uye akawedzerwa. Nhaurwa ye WHO yehutano inoratidza kuti hutano hunosanganisira zvikamu zvezvinhu zvinosanganisira hukama hwevanhu, hwepanyama uye hwepfungwa.
Mamwe masayendisiti, achifungisisa nezvehutano hupi, akaisa mutsara uyu uye anochengetedza unhu hwemuviri. Kana nyore nyore muviri unopindirana nekuchinja mumamiriro ezvinhu, unogadzirisa, unorwisana nevhu rakaipa, wakasimba hutano. Izvo zvakachengetedzwa zvinosanganisira kukwanisa kumira kwenguva refu yepanyama uye yepfungwa mupfungwa.
Physical Health
Utano hwepanyama ndiyo mamiriro emumuviri umo nhengo dzose uye zvirongwa zvezvikamu zvinoshanda zvakanaka. Utano hwakanaka hunoita kuti munhu abate zvizere mumabasa avo, tsika dzekuita uye zororo. Izvo zvinoratidzira zvikamu zvehutano hwepanyama zvikamu zvakadai:
- hutano hwekuvandudza muviri wemunhu;
- age matomicheni uye zvepanyama zvikamu;
- Nhamba yehutano hwakanaka;
- kuvapo kana kusavapo kwezvirwere muhutano hwakanyanya kana husingaperi;
- zviremara zvenyama.
Mental Health
Mubvunzo, chii utano hwepfungwa, hunogona kuonekwa kubva kumativi maviri:
- Kubva pakuona kwepfungwa dzepfungwa, utano hwepfungwa ndekusavapo kwemafungiro epfungwa uye kusakanganiswa kwekuvandudzwa kwevanhu.
- Kubva pakuona kwepfungwa, ndiyo nyika inokubvumira kunyatsoziva mano ako, kuratidza iwe somunhu, kuva netarisiro yehupenyu, kuedza mberi nekuzadzikisa zvinangwa zvako, kuti usangane zvakanaka nevanhu vakakomberedza uye kuva nhengo inobatsira yevanhu.
Nhamba dzehutano
Mune zvidzidzo zvezvehutano uye zvemagariro, huwandu hwakawanda hwehutano hwakasiyana:
- mumwe hutano hwemunhu, uyo munhu anonzwisisa hutano hwomunhu mumwe munhu;
- hutano hwemuganhu - hutano hwehutano hwehuwandu hweimwe sangano rekutungamirira;
- boka rehutano - hutano hwevanhu vakasarudzika kana rudzi rwevanhu;
- hutano hwevanhu - hutano hwehutano hwevanhu vose sevanhu vose.
Zviratidzo zvehutano
Zviratidzo zvikuru zvehutano zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai:
- genetic : dzinosanganisira genotype, kusavapo kwedysembryogenesis uye zvikanganiso zvakagara nhaka;
- morphological : chiyero chekusimudza muviri uye rudzi rwebumbiro remitemo;
- biochemical : chiyero chezviratidzo zvezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nemasikirwo uye masukisi;
- kuchipatara , kutaura pamusoro pekuvapo kana kusavapo kwezvirwere;
- metabolic : chiyero chemagetsi emagetsi;
- kushanda : boka iri rinobatanidza zvisizvo zvinowanikwa uye zvinoshandiswa pakuita, pamwe chete nekuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro ehupenyu uye chimiro chebasa;
- mupfungwa , kusanganisira manzwiro-akasimba-kuda uye kugona kwepfungwa, rudzi rweGNI uye mutsa;
- socio-spirituality : tsika tsika uye zvinangwa zvemunhu, zvido nezvido.
Zviratidzo zvehutano hwevanhu
Zvinangwa zvehutano hwehutano hwevanhu zvinosanganisira zviyero 12:
- Ropa rinodzvinyirira. Izvo zvakakosha kumanikidzika ndeye 110/70 mm Hg. Art. Mamwe magwaro anotaura kuti nezera, kuwedzera kunogona kuwedzera kusvika 120-130 mm Hg. uye kuti kuwedzera kwakadaro ndiyo inowanzoitika. Uyu maonero anogona kunzi kudzvinyirirwa, sezvo chaizvoizvo kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kunokonzera kurwara uye mufambiro wehupenyu hwakashata.
- Mutengo wemwoyo (rate ye moyo) pazororo. Muenzaniso ndiwo 60 mapulisa paminiti.
- Kufema kunofema. Muminiti hapanofanira kuva nemapfuuri makumi matanhatu nemasere.
- Mutumbi wehutumbi. Munhu ane utano ane kutonhora kwemuviri we 36.60 С.
- Hemoglobin. Kuvakadzi, chimiro che hemoglobin 120 mg / l, uye kuvanhu - 130 mg / l. Kuwa kwechiratidzo ichi kunotungamirira kuchinje chisina kunaka munharaunda yemamwe maparamendi.
- Bilirubin. Kazhinji iyi chiyero 21 μmol / l. Inoratidza kuti muviri unobata sei nekushandiswa kwemasero matsvuku eropa.
- Urine. Zuva roga roga, rimwe remuguta rakanyanyisa kubva mumuviri wemunhu rine simba rakakura re1020 uye acidity ye55.
- Index ye kureba uye kurema. Nhamba iyi inotorwa kubva pamatafura nokubvisa hutumbi hwemuviri kubva pakukura.
- Shuga muropa. Iyo inowanzokosha inokwana 5.5 mlol / l.
- PH yeropa. Mitemo inofungidzirwa iri mukati me732-7.42. Dhina iri pasi apa 6.8 uye pamusoro pe7.8 yakafa.
- Leukocytes. Mumunhu ane hutano, leukocyte kuverengwa ichave ye4,54 muchechi yepfumbamwe. Nhamba dzakakwirira dzinoratidza kuvapo kwekuvhiringidza.
- Cholesterol. Zvose zvinokonzerwa neholesterol haifaniri kudarika 200 mg / dl. Nhamba ye 239 mg / dl ndiyo yakareba inobvumirwa.
Utano hwehutano hwevanhu
Utano hwehutano hunoratidza huwandu hwehutano hwemamiriro ehupenyu hwevanhu uye hunoratidza huwandu hwahwo hwekuvandudza maitiro. Inosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai:
- Fertility rate. Inosanganisira nhamba yekuberekwa gore negore kuvanhu vane chiuru. Ivhareji chiratidzo chiratidzo chekuberekwa kwevana 20-30.
- Kufa kuwanda. Ivhareji yehuwandu yekufa ndiyo 15-16 kufa kwegore kune vanhu vane chiuru. Kana kufa nezera kuchionekwa sechimiro, saka kufa kwecheche kunoonekwa sechirwere uye kunoratidza kusafara kwevanhu. Ichechechechechechecheche vana vanofa mucheche vari pasi pevana 15 pagore nevana vacheche 1000, vanopfuura - vana makumi matanhatu.
- Kuwedzera kwevanhu vanobudisa mutsauko pakati pehuwandu hwevana vakaberekerwa uye nhamba yevakafa vari munharaunda.
- Avhareji yekutarisira upenyu. Chiratidzo chakanaka ndechemakore 65-75, asingagutsikane mumakore 40-50.
- Muyero wekukwegura kwemitezo yevanhu inotarirwa kubva musiyano pakati pevanhu vanopfuura 60 uye shure kwe 60. Chiratidzo chisina kunaka chikamu chinopfuura makumi maviri, uye chiratidzo chakanaka chiri pasi pe5.
- Kufamba kwemagetsi kwevanhu kunoratidza huwandu hwekufamba.
- Incidence rate.
- Chiratidzo chekuremara kwekuzvarwa nekuwana.
- Chiratidzo chekusimudza muviri chinoenderana nemadzinza evanhu, mamiriro ekunze uye nzvimbo dzekugara.
Zviitiko zvinokanganisa hutano hwevanhu
Utano hwevanhu hunoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji, saka tichiziva kuti zvii zvinokonzerwa nehutano hwevanhu, uye zvinoita kuti zvive nani, zvinogona kubatsira nhengo dzose dzevanhu kuti dzivandudze hutano hwavo. Zvose zvinokanganisa hutano hwemunhu zvinogona kugoverwa mumapoka anotevera:
- nzira yehupenyu;
- biological heredity;
- mararamiro ehupfumi;
- mamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu;
- kuwanikwa kwekurapa.
Zvinokonzera kugutsikana kwehutano
Kuongorora nzira yekuchengetedza utano hwevanhu, vanachiremba vakaona zvinhu zvinotevera:
- Kunyoresa kudya kunovaka muviri uye kudya. Mhuka inofanira kuva yakasiyana-siyana, yakaenzana, uye kudya kunofanira kutorwa maererano nehurumende.
- Basa rakanaka romuviri.
- Kuzorora zvakakwana, kurara kwakanaka.
- Utano hwepanyama, dzimba dzakachena.
- Kurwisa nzira.
- Yakanaka yezvakatipoteredza. Kunyange zvazvo zvipenyu zvisingagumi kune munhu mumwe nomumwe, munhu anofanirwa kusarudza nzvimbo dzakawanda dzehupenyu.
- Kufungidzira uye hurongwa hwekutya. Kubva panguva yekare, inozivikanwa kuti mamiriro ehurongwa hwemagetsi anonyatsoratidzirwa mune hutano hwepanyama.
Zvinhu zvinoparadza utano
Kufungisisa nezvehutano hupi, hahuna kukwana pasina kuongororwa kwechikonzero chakaipa pamamiriro ake. Kana iwe uchifunga nezvezvinhu zvinokuvadza utano, uye edza kuvadzivisa, iwe unogona kusimudza mararamiro ako ehupenyu uye uzvinzwe uri munhu anofara. Zvinhu zvinokonzera kukuvadza kune utano zvinosanganisira:
- Miitiro inokuvadza: kushandisa doro, kusvuta fodya, kusvuta zvinodhaka uye kushandisa zvinodhaka.
- Zvisina kunaka zvokudya. Kuwedzera kwechikamu chemahydrohydrates nemafuta ane-mishonga mukati mekudya uye kuderera mugove wezvibereko nemiriwo kunounza kuwedzera kuwedzera, kuderedzwa kusagadzikana, kushaya mavitamini nekushayikwa mumuviri wemaminerari.
- Hypodinamy. Gore roga roga kune kuderera kwekufamba kwevanhu, izvo zvinoita kuti kuoma kwemaitiro emuviri uye zvirwere zvinowanzoitika.
- Kunetseka uye zviitiko.
Kuchengetedza Utano
Sangano rakanaka nderimwe rezvikamu zvekubudirira kwenyika. Utano hwevagari vemo hunoita kuti kudzivirirwa nekuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwevanhu. Utano hwehutano hunobatanidza zviyero zvezvematongerwe enyika, zvehutano, zvehutano, tsika, hupfumi uye urongwa hwehutsanana hunofanirwa kuvandudza hutano hwemunhu wese wevanhu. Aya matanho anotarirwa kuchengetedza hutano, kurapa vagari nekudzivirira. Utano hwevana nehutano hwevakadzi ndivo nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzehutano.