Cytomegalovirus - chii ichocho uye chii chinoitwa nehutachiona?

Kana iwe uchitarisana nechirwere chakadai se cytomegalovirus, chii ichocho uye kana chiri ngozi kune munhu - iyi ndiyo mibvunzo yekutanga iwe waunoda kubvunza nyanzvi. Mazuva ano kuongororwa kwakafambira mberi zvikuru mberi pakuonekwa kwezvirwere zvisingazivikanwi. Cytomegalovirus inonyengedza, haisi nguva dzose kupa kliniki yakajeka, uye nzira yekurapa utachiona hwecytomegalovirus kuitira kuti zvachose kubvisa muviri wehutachiwana basa rinofanira kuitwa nevarapi.

Chii chinonzi cytomegalovirus?

Utachiona hweKytomegalovirus (CMV) kana kuti cytomegaly chirwere chinowanzova chakawanikwa muna 1956. Vanachiremba vepachikoro vakaona hutachiona huri hwemhuri ye-herpesviruses - munhu herpesvirus rudzi rwechirwere 5. Mhuri yeHerpesvirus ndiyo yakanyanya kupararira kune hutachiwana hwehutachiwana huripo, uye wechipiri wese anogara pasi pano anotambudzika izvi kana kuti nenzira iyo. Iko kunokonzerwa nehutachiona uye gorova rehutachiwana vanhu chete.

Kuwandisa pakati pevanhu ndechekuti:

• 10-15% pakati pevechidiki;
• kusvika ku50% - muboka remakore kubva pamakore makumi matatu nemasere.

Kugadzikana kwe cytomegalovirus mukati memamiriro ekunze hakusikoshi, hazvibvumiri kushanduka kwekushisa, kufisa:

• pa4 + 4 - - inoshanda kusvika kumwedzi 3;
• + 22 ° C (nzvimbo t °) - kusvika masvondo maviri;
• + 37 ° C - kukwana kushandiswa kwehutachiwana kwemavhiki maviri;
• -22 ° C - inorasikirwa nezvinhu zvayo mushure memavhiki matatu;
• ane rayvivhoni inonzi rayvi inouraya mumaminitsi manomwe.

Ko cytomegalovirus inoparadzirwa sei?

Ko cytomegalovirus (CMV) inoratidzika sei, chii, uye nzira dzipi dzinopfurikidza dziripo - nyaya idzi dzakakosha zvikuru, sezvo hutachiona hunoparadza muviri. Kupinda mumuviri womunhu, CMV "inorondedzera" mumasero kuti akanaka. Kuonekwa kwechirweregalovirus kuvakadzi vane pamuviri, vana uye kukanganisa vanhu vakwegura zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kusarudza nzira dzokurapa. Kunyanya, nzira yekupinda mukati mehutachiona ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu emuviri. Heino nzira iyo chirwere che cytomegalovirus chinoparidzirwa:

• ropa - panguva yekuwedzerwa ropa, nhengo yekugadzirwa, kuburikidza nemavanga uye kutsemuka, kupindira kwekuvhiya, pakuberekwa (kubva kuna amai kusvika kumwana);
• salivha-inopinda-mumhepo nzira (kupopota, kutaurirana nevanotakura utachiona), kutsvoda;
• semenho, kubvongodza kwepabonde - munguva yepabonde;
• Misi - mwana anotapukirwa nekuyamwisa.

Chii chakaipa cytomegalovirus?

Masero omusununguko evanhu anomira pahutano hwake, uye achiwira munhengo uye maitiro evanhu vane utano hwakasimba, chirwere chinonzi cytomegalovirus chinoramba chiri mune dormant (nzvimbo ye virion) kwenguva yakareba, dzimwe nguva muupenyu hwose. Asi matanho emagariro ezuva ranhasi anonyanya kuwedzera simba rekuchengetedza remuviri, saka chirwere ichi chiri kukura. CMV ingozi kune vanhu:

• uye nehutachiwana hutachiona hunoita mabasa (vana, vakwegura, vasina simba varwere);
• pamwe chete nedzimwe zvirwere, zvinonzi "mishonga inoputika": CMV neHIV , CMV ne hepatitis B, C inokonzera kuzadzikiswa kwezvirwere zvizere;
• Vakadzi vane pamuviri - inozivikanwa kuti cytomegalovirus mukuzvitakura inogona kukonzera mutagenic uye tateythinic effects mumucheche unobudirira.

Chirwere chinonzi cytomegalovirus

Kuratidzwa kwechirwere chipi nechipi kunosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana:

• utachiona;
• prodromal period (latent);
• kuratidzwa kwezviratidzo (chikamu chakaoma);
• kuporeswa kana kuchinja kune imwe nguva isingaperi uye nguva yekuregererwa.

Iyo yakagadzikana ye CMV inoratidzwa kubva panguva yekutapukira kusvika pakuvapo kwezviratidzo zvakajeka, paavhareji kubva pamazuva 20-60. Nokuwedzerwa ropa kunogona kukurumidza kukurumidza. Utachiona hunonzi Congenital cytomegalovirus hunowanikwa kuburikidza nekuendeswa kwemukati kana panguva yekufamba kwema fetus kuburikidza nekuberekwa kwemvura pakuberekwa. Mhando yakaoma ye CMV muchechecheche inotyisa nokuti inogona kumutsa:

• kukura kwe jaundice yemucheche uye kuwedzera kwechiropa;
• splenomegaly ;
• kupisa muviri mukati memuviri;
• kukanganisa kunheyo yenheyo.

Utachiona husingaperi hwechiromegalovirus

Chimiro chisingaperi chine CMV chinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwechirwere ichirwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana:

• nguva yekuratidzwa (kwekupedzisira-spring);
• kwenguva yakareba inonetsa zvinokonzera;
• hypothermia ;
• kusagadzikana kwezvokudya (digestible carbohydrates, kudya kwechikafu, kunyanya kunamata uye kuoma);
• hupombwe hupenyu hwepabonde.

Mune maitiro asingagumi, masero umo hutachiona hupindira hukuru hunoparadzwa: mazamu, masero eropa, lymphoid, uye mucous membrane yezvipombwe. Masero anove akareba muhukuru, ichi chiitiko chinonzi megalocytosis. Nokufamba kwenguva, masero "ekubhururuka" anokanganisa kukwanisa kugovana nekufa - kuputika, zvichikonzera kuvhiringidza kwemasvikiro akakomberedza, umo hutachiona hunowedzera.

Cytomegalovirus - zviratidzo

Cytomegalovirus chii chiri muzviratidzo, uye kuti ungaziva sei kuti muviri wakarwiswa nehutachiona husina kunaka? Symptomatology ye cytomegaly yakaoma uye isingaperi haina mhando uye yakafanana nekuratidzwa kweimwe zvirwere. Chiremba ane ruzivo angafungira kuti kuvapo kwechirwere kune zviratidzo zvakawanda, asi shoko rekupedzisira rinogara riri shure kweongororo yeongororo yezvirwere zvehupenyu. Kuwana kuti chirwere che cytomegalovirus chinoratidzika sei - zviratidzo zvaro zvinowanzoenderana nemararamiro emuviri.

Latent cytomegalovirus utachiona

Zviratidzo zve cytomegaly hazvipo, munhu anonzwa aine hutano, asingawanzove nehuwandu hunoita kuti pave ne mononucleose-yakafanana nemamiriro ayo ekutapukira kweM CMV anozivikanwa nezviratidzo zvinotevera:

• kuwedzera kuneta;
• malaise;
• kazhinji misoro;
• kamwe-kamwe chills nekudengenyeka kwemisimba;
• kutonhora kutuka;
• kazhinji rhinitis;
• kurwadziwa kwemukati mumasumbu, mapfundo;
• Kupera zvishoma nezvishoma pakuonekwa (kukundwa kweyes eyeballs);
• kuwedzera kwe lymph nodes panzvimbo yekuiswa kwehutachiona;
• kuputsa kwekuenda kumwedzi kune vakadzi, mucous uye purulent discharge.

Nechimiro chinoputika, zviratidzo zvinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, pakutanga pakufanana kwezviratidziro zvakasiyana, asi nekufamba kwenguva muviri unowedzera kuderera. Nguva dzekuregererwa dzinoshandiswa pamwe nekugadzirisa kwezviratidzo. Zviratidzo zve CMV kune vana vane mafomu akaberekwa uye akawana (vanozoonekwa pazera remakore 2-3 uye vanosvika makore makumi maviri namapfumbamwe):

• kunzwa uye kuonekwa kusimba;
• kazhinji ARVI;
• kuwedzera kwekugumburwa kwekuputika;
• musuru uye marwadzo.

Chirwere chechiromegalovirus

Migumisiro yehutachiona hwe cytomegalovirus muhuwandu hwemazuva ose ndewekukuvadza hutano hwehupenyu hwakazara. Chipatoriki chine fomu iyi yakanyatsojeka, zviratidzo zvinokurumidza kukurumidza. Iko maitiro akawandisa haashoma, ane zvirwere zvakakomba: utachiona hweHIV, hutachiona uye hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, hutachiona hwakakomba mumuviri wemuviri. Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwegytomegalovirus kuvanhu vakuru:

• fever ine sweating yakawanda;
• nekukurumidza kukura pneumonia nekusafema kwekufema, kuora mwoyo kunokonzera;
• chironda chemudumbu nechirwere;
• kukundwa kwemitsipa yakaoma;
• kuputika kwe retina yemaziso;
• multiorgan lesion.

Chiratidzo muvana vanozvarwa ne CMV:

• kuipa kwekutaura;
• chorioretinitis;
• matsi;
• kupofu (kushungurudzwa kwema optic nerves);
• hydrocephalus;
• congenital malformation;
• kukundwa kwepakati yenheyo system (kukanganisa kwekufunga kwebasa).

Kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwechitomegalovirus

Dzidzo dzemazuva ano dzeb laboratory munguva shoma dzinoratidza kuti causative agent wechirwere ichi, nokuti yekutanga kurapwa kwave kutangiswa, kubudirira kwazvo migumisiro yaro. Kuongororwa kwe cytomegalovirus kunokosha uye nekuda kwekudzivirira, apo vechidiki vakaroorana vakaronga pamuviri. Munguva yepamuviri, kuongororwa ndicho chinhu chinoita kuti mukadzi ave nerunyararo rwepfungwa nokuda kwekuvandudzwa kwemuviri wake asati aberekwa.

Ropa re cytomegalovirus

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemasikirini e cytomegalovirus zvinowanikwa munguva yeropa reyerovirological test. Rudzi urwu rwekudzidza runangwa chekuona IgG / IgM immunoglobulins:

1. IgG - kuonekwa kwechikwata ichi chema antibodies hachina hutano hukuru hwekuongorora. Ichi chiratidzo chekuti mhuka yakasangana nehutachiona uye yakabatwa. Asi chimwe chinhu chinokosha cheAgG antibody chinotanga kuwana kana zita ravo richidarika chimiro ka 4 nguva - kuratidza kuti hutachiwana huri kuzerera, kana kuti kusangana kukuru nehutachiona kwakaitika.
2. IgM ndiyo chiratidzo chinonyatsoratidza kuti kuvapo kwechirwere chinotapukira mumuviri, kusiyana neGG, zvirwere izvi zvinoshandiswa nemuviri kutanga, zvinoonekwa muropa mushure memazuva mashomanana, apo zviratidzo zvisiri izvo zvisati zvaratidzwa.

PCR analysis (polymer chain reaction) - kuona uye kuparadzaniswa kwema genome ye pathogen DNA nokuda kwekudzidza inonzi inonyanya kushandiswa pakutsvakurudza pakuonekwa kwe CMV:

• kubudirira uye kukwana kusvikira 95%;
• iyo kuongorora inoitwa mukati memazuva maviri;
• Kukwirira kwepfungwa kunobatsira kuziva chirwere ichi pamatangi ekutanga.

Cytomegalovirus mu smear

Kuongororwa kwehutachiwana hakugone kushanda, zvichibva pane imwe chidzidzo. Imwe nzira yakashandura inoita kuti tikwanise kuwana chimiro chaiyo chekuongorora. Cytomegalovirus kuvakadzi inowanikwa nekuchera vaginal mucosa uye urethra. Cytology ye smear inobatsira kuona ma antibodies kuhutachiwana uye kuona masero akawana marphological change semugumisiro wemigumisiro yehutachiona.

Cytomegalovirus - kurapwa

Chirongwa chikuru chehutano ndechekudzivirira, asi nzira yekurapa cytomegalovirus kana chirwere ichi chave chave chaonekwa? Basa rechiremba nderekuwedzera kujekesa kwevarwere: nzira yekuziva kuti cytomegalovirus, chii, zvinoguma zvinogona kuve kana mazano ekurapwa akanganiswa uye mazano echiremba haashandisi. Kurapa kwehutachiona hwetrotomegalovirus hunoita seizvi:

1. Mononucleosis uye chimiro chekare chinorapwa hachidi.
2. Symptomatic therapy inotarisirwa kubvisa zviratidzo.
3. Ne intrauterine (congenital) ye CMV, chirwere cheganciclovir chinorayirwa.
4. Zvinyorwa zvinodhaka zvinonzi interferon series.
5. Immunoglobulins inoshandiswa kugadzirisa utachiona.
6. Apo kusuruvara mumuromo kunoda kuchenesa nemhinduro ye furacillin, decoctions yemiriwo.
7. Antiviral ointments (acyclovir, tebrofenic, oxolinic) anoshandiswa mumakumbo ake emucheka pane zvekunze.
8. Massive therapy inodhaka inoshandiswa mumuviri wakaoma wekliniki.