Uturu hunonyanya kuipa, saka kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekudhakwa (kusuruvara, kurutsira, kuora musoro, kushaya simba, chirwere, kurasikirwa kwekuziva), zvakakosha kudana chiremba. Kunyangwe kana zvichiita nyore kuisa chepfu, munhu anenge atambudzwa anofanira kunge ari pasi pekuongororwa kwachiremba kwemaawa mana.
Nheyo dzemitemo yehupfu hunopisa
Pasinei nehutachiona hunokonzera uchetura, rubatsiro runopiwa mune zvinotevera.
- Dzorera hutano hwemhepo, kuisa mwoyo murefu wepfungwa uye ropa.
- Bvisa detoxification (tsvina yekubviswa).
- Iyo inactivation ye chepfu inoitwa pamwe nekubatsirwa kwezvinhu zvinorasikirwa, izvo zvinotadzisa chiito chedu.
- Vanoita mahara ekurapa uye kubvisa zviratidzo zvehupfu.
- Ongorora kukosha kwekuchengetwa kwevanhu vane chepfu.
Kurapa kwekomboni monoxide chepfu
Kutanga rubatsiro kune munhu ane chepfu ndekupa ruzivo rwemhepo yakachena. Munhu akabatwa anofanira kutorwa kunze kumugwagwa, achenese muromo wemarutsi, achishandisa chipuni kana zvigunwe zvakaputirwa mujiji. Pakaitwa comatose, duct air inoiswa. Kuti urege kudzivirirwa kurwisana kwekurutsira, 10 mg ye metoclopramide inoridzwa intravenously (analogues - cerucal, raglan).
Uye ipapo kurapwa kweokisijeni kunoitwa - carbon monoxide poisoning ndiyo yerudzi rwemhirizhonga apo oxygen inoshandiswa mumhando yayo yakachena. Kana uyo akabatwa achiziva, shandisa masikisi emweya (10-15 l / min). Mune nyaya ye coma, intubation inogadzirwa nemagetsi ekupedzisira emapapu ane 100% oksijeni.
Murwere anorwariswa mukati uye nemadonhwe e-polyionic solutions (cholol, quartosol, acesol, 500 ml) kana sodium hydrogencarbonate (4%, 400 ml) uye hemodez (400 ml). Kurapa kunowedzera nokutora ascorbic acid uye glucose.
Kuchengetedzwa kwechiroyi chepfu
Mukana wekutyisa mutsvuku ne ethanol, dambudziko rezviito zvinoitika zvinoitwa:
- kunatsa muromo;
- kuiswa kwechikwata munyaya ye coma;
- oksijeni inhalation;
- utungamiri hwe subcutaneously atropine (0.1%, 1 ml):
- kutengesa kwemasocopramide (10 mg).
Detoxification nemarasha anoshandiswa kana kushambidza mudumbu hazvina maturo, sezvo ethanol inobatwa zvakakurumidza zvikuru.
Kunwa doro rinodhaka kunobatsira kubvisa kurapwa nemishonga inokosha - methadoxil. Inokurumidza kuwedzerwa kweexretion ye ethanol uye acetaldehyde kubva mumuviri, kuderedza dambudziko rayo. Pinda mishonga iyi kusvika 5-10 maminiti inonzi intramuscularly kana intravenous drip for 1.5 hours (300-900 mg inonatswa pamwe ne 500 ml ye 5% glucose kana saline solution). Munhu wacho anopiwa mavitamini, anotevera hemodynamics.
Mushonga we mercury poisoning
Mercury ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinowanzoitika uye zvinotyisa zvikuru. Muchiitiko chehupfu hwe mercury vapor kana kana sarti ichirova mudumbu, hospitali inokosha. Pamberi pokusvika kwachiremba, munhu wacho anofanirwa kunwa makirasi maviri emvura, achenese mudumbu, atore marara. Muromo unofanirwa kucheneswa nechinangwa chisina simba che potassium permanganate.
Acute mercury poisoning inosanganisira kurapa nehutachiona unitiol, iyo inotarisirwa intramuscularly (5 ml, 5%) kwemazuva makumi maviri. Imwe nzira yemazuva ano yekushandiswa kune unithiol ndiyo inokonzera mesodimercapto succinic acid - iyi antidote haisi yanyanyisa uye ine zvishoma zvishoma.
Kurapa kwehupfu neAictic acid
Mhepo inonzi actic inokonzera kupisa kwakasimba kwemukasi membrane, edema yemasophagus, kukanganisa kwehematopoietic mabasa uye kukanganisa kwenharo. Nemhaka yeodema, gastric washing can be carried out no later than 1 to 2 hours after acetic acid enters the body. Subcutaneously morphine inorowa vasati vashamba (1 ml ye1% solution).
Kutyisa neAactic acid zvinoreva kurapwa ne sodium hydrocarbonate (kunyura kana kutsvaira 600-1000 ml, 4%) kuchengetedza urakine urinho uye kudzivirira kushaya mafungiro. Nokuda kwekuwedzerwa kweropa, munhu anenge apindwa mhosva anofanira kuvhara plasma kana plasma-kuchinja mhinduro.