Pfungwa ye determinism ndiyo nguva yakajairika, iyo inoratidza kuti pfungwa yevanhu inonyanya kugadziriswa nemararamiro ayo, uye, sechikonzero, inogona kuchinja zvakasiyana-siyana zvakafanana nemararamiro anoita upenyu. Kana mune mhuka kusimbiswa kwepfungwa kunowedzera nenzira iri nyore kuburikidza nekusarudzwa kwezvisikwa, saka mitemo yakaoma zvikuru inoshanda mukuremekedza munhu - mutemo wekusimudzira hutano, nezvimwewo.
Dzidziso ye determinism
Kwenguva yokutanga muSayenzi, kufunga pamusoro penyaya iyi kwakabva kune dzidziso yeMarxism, uko kutsanangurwa kwezvokunyama kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvekugara kwevanhu kunopiwa, pamwe nemimwe mitemo chaiye yekugadzirwa kwevanhu. Icho chaiva chinhu ichi chakashanda senheyo yeimwezve nzira yekufungisisa kwesayenzi maererano nezvimwe zvinhu zvakananga zvepfungwa dzevanhu nepfungwa.
Chokutanga pane zvose, mutemo we determinism unobatana nechirongwa chezvisikwa uye chinangwa chepfungwa dzepfungwa. Kuvandudza zvakananga panguva yekudzidza ruzivo rwemazwi-zvinhu zvenyika, maonero ekufunga mune zvepfungwa zvakakosha zvikuru. Munguva yehondo yakaoma yefilosofi yakaitika muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pfungwa ye determinism yakanga iriwo mberi. Akakurumidza kukudzwa uye akabvisa pfungwa dzakawanda dzakapfuura, somuenzaniso, nzira yekufungidzira uye nzira inofanirana nayo.
Pfungwa ye determinism yakanga iri yechokwadi: kana pakutanga psyche yaifungidzirwa sechimiro chechiitiko chinoparadzanisa icho hachikwanise kuchinjwa kubva kunze uye hachiratidzi pachena chinangwa chehupenyu hwehupenyu, ikozvino psyche yakaratidzwa sepurasitiki, inochinja, inoshanduka uye yakazarurirwa kutsvaga. Panzvimbo yekuzviisa pasi kwekuzviona kwakauya chinangwa chinangwa, icho chakakurumidza kuwedzera tsvakurudzo dzakawanda dzepfungwa. Ichi ndicho chakaita kuti zvive nyore kudzidza zvinokwanisa kukanganisa munhu, zvinyorwa uye nehutano zvinoratidza zvose zvinoratidzirwa zvemashoko anotsvaga, kuratidza kugadzirisa uye mufambiro, nekuita kuenzanirana kwezvose zvakawanikwa.
Musayendisiti LS Vygotsky akaunza kusayenzi inonyanya kukosha tsika netsika. Ndiro kurapa uku kwakaisa pfungwa kune zvakadzama zvekushanda kwepfungwa. Iyo inonyanya kukosha pane izvi ndeyekufunga kuti nzira dzepanyama dzematongerwo emagadziriro dzinoshanduka munguva yekugadzirwa kwegunyiriri yevanhu inowanikwa pasi pesimba revanhu vakasiyana-siyana uye yezvakaitika kare nekuda kwekuti munhu anobata zvigadzirwa zvemutsika wevanhu munguva yekushamwaridzana nevamwe.
Dzidziso ye determinism yakaenderera mberi kubudirira mukati megadziro yemafungiro evasayendisiti kuti havasi munhu chete ane zvikamu zvakasiyana zvepfungwa zvinopesana nenyika yekunze, asi munhu arikuita uyo asingagoni kungoziva chokwadi asiwo kuchinja. Nokudaro, hutungamiri hwemagariro evanhu hunoreva kuti munhu anokwanisa kuona maitiro evanhu,
Kuziva kwechinyorwa che determinism
Chimwe chezvisarudzo, zvichibvumira kufungisisa mutemo we determinism, kwete padzidziso, asi mukuita, ndiko kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuti psyche inoratidze sei basa reuropi. Zvaitendwa kuti psyche ndeimwe yemabasa akawanda europi, uye zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa kuti zvione nzira dzehuropi hunoita, zvigumisiro izvo zvinozopedzisira zvava mafungiro epfungwa. Nokudaro, pane imwe nhanho yekugadzirisa zvakagadziriswa mitemo yepanyama maererano ne psyche.