Socialization yemunhu - zvikamu nemhando

Kubvira pakuberekwa kwomunhu wakakomberedzwa nevanhu vakasiyana, saka iwe unogona kukaka kuti iyo chikamu chekubatana kwevanhu. Muhupenyu hwake hwose anowana zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, anozvishandura pachake kune hupenyu munzanga, semugumisiro wekuti hukama hwemunhu hunoitika. Iine mhando dzakasiyana, dzakasiyana kubva kune imwe.

Chii chinonzi hukama hwevanhu?

Iri izwi rinonzwisiswa senzira yekuita kuti munhu ave neruzivo rwemagariro evanhu kubva munharaunda yaanoenda, nekushingaira kushanda nekuwedzera nhamba yehukama hwemagariro evanhu. Muhupenyu hwose, vanhu havasi kuona chete ruzivo rwemagariro evanhu, asiwo vanozvigadzirisa kune mazano avo uye tsika. Socialization yemunhu mumwechete nderwe ruzivo rwunosanganisira zvikamu zvakawanda, somuenzaniso, maitiro nemafungiro emagariro evanhu, uye tsika yebasa yemhando dzakasiyana dzebasa inopinda muno.

Socialization bunhu - psychology

Munhu ane chido chokuva wevanhu, ndiko kuti, kuzviratidza iye nevanhu vanovapoteredza. Sangano rehuhu hwehupfungwa mune hupfungwa hunovapo semugumisiro wekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvevanhu, zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kukudziridza mararamiro avo emamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, uye ichabva pane pfungwa uye unhu hwomunhu. Kuumbwa kwerudzi rwemagariro evanhu-rwepfungwa kunoitika panguva yekusangana nesangano uye kushandiswa kwe micro-macroenvironment, pamwe chete netsika uye tsika dzakasiyana.

Kutevedzana kwehuhu hwehu huno hutano hwemativi maviri, hunozviratidza mukuti munhu haasi kungogadzirisa kune mamwe maitiro nemitemo, asiwo anoumba maano ake. Vanhu vanowanzova chikamu cheboka kuti vanzwisise kuti "isu" tiripi uye kubvisa kusurukirwa. Kukurukurirana nevamwe kunopa kuzvivimba uye simba rinokurudzira hupenyu hwevanhu.

Chii chinokonzera kushamwaridzana kwevanhu?

Munhu anokurudzirwa nenyaya dzinoverengeka dzinoumba maitiro, pfungwa uye mafungiro kune nyika maari.

1. Nzira yekugadzirisa hutano hwevanhu inotanga nevana vaduku, apo vabereki vanodzidzisa zvose zviri mumuviri nepfungwa.
2. Kurovedza kunoitika kubva kuchikoro chechikoro kusvika ku yunivhesiti. Somugumisiro, ruzivo rwakasiyana rwakawedzerwa, nekuda kwekuti nyika, sangano uye nezvimwe zvakadaro zvakazivikanwa.
3. Kuzvidzora muhutano hwemumwe munhu kunokosha zvikuru, sezvo munhu anofanira kuva nehutano hwekuita kwakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. Zvakakosha kuchengetedza mupfungwa kwemunhu, zvichiita kuti unzwisise zviri nani kusiyanisa pakati pepanyika nekunze.

Mhando dzehukama hweunhu

Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehukama hwevanhu, hunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana. Nzira dzekushamwaridzana kweunhu hunogona kugoverwa mumapoka maviri:

1. Chokutanga - zvinoreva maonero evanhu mumucheche. Mwana anofambidzana, achitungamirirwa nechimiro chetsika yemhuri yaanokurudzirwa, uye kunzwisisa kwepasi nevanhu vakuru vakamupoteredza. Nokudaro tinogona kugumisa kuti vabereki vanoita chiitiko chekutanga chemhuri chevana vavo.
2. Sekondari - hauna nguva uye yekupedzisira kusvikira munhu apinda mune rimwe boka revanhu. Nezera, mwana anotanga kuwira mumasangano akasiyana-siyana, somuenzaniso, muchechi yeklasi kana zvikamu zvemitambo, paanodzidza mabasa matsva uye pamusoro peizvi anodzidza kuzviona iye kubva kune rumwe rutivi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kazhinji hukama hwevanhu uye humwe hunoonekwa nehumwe husinganzwisisiki, somuenzaniso, hutsika dzemhuri hahuenderani nezvinodiwa neboka rakasarudzwa, uye zvino munhu anozozvitsanangura uye anoita zvisarudzo zvichienderana nekuziva uye manzwiro.

Polorolevaya socialization yemunhu

Iyi mhuka inonziwo hukama hwehutano, uye inoreva kuti munhu anoziva kusiyana kwepakati pakati pemurume nemukadzi. Kune kugamuchirwa kwevanhu varipo varipo maitiro, maitiro nemafungiro evarume nemadzimai, pamwe chete nemafungiro evanhu uye nzvimbo yehutano pamwe nechinangwa chekudzidzisa mitemo nemitemo yakawanda. Izvi zvinopfuurira muhupenyu hwose. Pfungwa yekushamwaridzana kwemunhu muhutano hwepabonde inosiyanisa nzira dzinotevera dzekushandiswa kwayo:

1. Maitiro anogamuchirwa evanhu achakurudzirwa, uye kukanganisa kubva pamitemo kuchazotevera nekurangwa.
2. Munhu anosarudza mhando dzakakodzera dzepabonde kwaari mumapoka akavhara, kureva, mumhuri, pakati pezera rako, zvichingodaro.

Kushamwaridzana kwemhuri yemunhu

Mwana wacho anodzidza kuona nyika kwete chete kuburikidza nekukanganiswa kwevanhu vakuru, kureva, kurera, asiwo nokucherechedza maitiro evanhu varipo. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kazhinji kukurudzirwa uye kushamwaridzana kwemumwe munhu mumhuri kunogumburwa pamusana pekusiyana kwemaitiro emitemo yevabereki nezvinodiwa izvo zvavanotumira kumwana. Somuenzaniso, kurambidza kusvuta kunogona kutaurwa, asi mumwe wevabereki kana dzimwe nhengo dzemhuri ane tsika yakadaro yakaipa. Zvimwe zvikonzero zvekushamwaridzana kweunhu ndezvekuti:

1. Kuumbwa nekugadzirwa kwemhuri, kureva, kuti hama dzinobatana sei.
2. Nzvimbo yemwana mumhuri, somuenzaniso, anogona kuva muzukuru kuna mbuya vake, mukoma kune hanzvadzi yake, mwanakomana kuna baba vake uye amai vekurera. Zvinoratidzwa kuti kushamwaridzana kwomwana wakakurira mumhuri yakakwana uye amai vasina voga vakasiyana.
3. Nzira yakasarudzwa yezvidzidzo, naizvozvo vabereki na vanasekuru navanasekuru vanogona kudzidzisa mwana kuti ave netsika dzakasiyana.
4. Unhu hwekuita uye hwekusika hwemhuri hwakakosha zvakafanana pakugarisana nevamwe.

Unyanzvi hwevashandi uye hwebasa

Kana munhu achizoshanda, pane kuchinja kana kugadziriswa kweunhu hwake nemufambiro panguva yebasa racho. Zviratidzo zvekushamwaridzana kwemumwe munhu mubasa rebasa zvinoratidzirwa mukuti kuchinja kunogadziriswa zvose mukati mekuunganidza uye mune unyanzvi hwekudzidzira. Kuwedzera huwandu hwomunhu, kuwanikwa nekukura kweunyanzvi hwemabasa kunokosha zvikuru.

Maitiro emagariro eboka

Munhu wose anofanira kuziva mabasa ehupenyu anoshanda kune tsika yezvakatipoteredza kwaakagara, akadzidza, akashanda, achitaura, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Icho chinokosha chekushamwaridzana kwomunhu mumwe chete kunobva pakuziva kuti nzvimbo imwe neimwe ine zvikamu zvayo zvakasiyana, nemhaka yekuti hurumende inoumbwa. Kana tikanyanya kufunga nezvekusangana kweboka reboka revanhu, hukama, hukama hwechitendero, zera, rutivi rwebasa uye zvimwe zvinhu zvichatorwa.

Mabasa ekushamwaridzana kwemunhu

Kune munhu uye sangano sevanhu vose, hukama hwevanhu hunokosha uye humwe hukuru hunosanganisira:

1. Kudzora uye kutonga. Zvose zvinopoteredza munhu zvinomubata kumunhu mukuru kana kuduku. Izvi zvinosanganisira: mhuri, mutemo wenyika, chitendero, dzidzo, yehupfumi nezvimwe zvakadaro.
2. Unhu-shanduko. Nzira yekushamwaridzana kweunhu hunoitika panguva apo munhu anotaurirana nevamwe vanhu, kuratidzira hutsika dzavo uye kuzvitsaura ivo kubva "mumombe".
3. Kukosha-kutungamira. Iri basa rinosangana nekutanga kune rondedzero yakanyorwa, sezvo munhu anoteerera kune zvinokosha izvo zvinozivikanwa zvehukama hwake hwepedyo.
4. Mashoko nekutaurirana. Paanenge achikurukura nevanhu vakasiyana, munhu anogamuchira ruzivo, iyo nenzira imwechete kana imwe inobata maitiro ehupenyu hwake.
5. Kubata. Nekudzidzisa kwakanaka kwevanhu, munhu achaedza kuumba nekuvandudza nyika yakamupoteredza. Achinetseka nezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana, achawana zvigadziro zvichibva pane zivo yake uye ruzivo.

Nhanho dzekushamwaridzana kweunhu

Iyo nzira yekuumba unhu munharaunda inoitika munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana:

1. Childhood. Zvinoratidzwa kuti panguva ino unhu hunoumbwa nevanenge 70%. Masayendisiti anoona kuti kusvika kumakore manomwe mwana anonzwisisa iye "Ini" zviri nani kupinda mumakore ekare.
2. Adolescence. Munguva iyi, kuchinja kwepanyama kunowanikwa. Kubvira pazera remakore 13 vazhinji vevana vakaedza kuita mabasa akawanda sezvinobvira.
3. Upenyu hwepakutanga. Achirondedzera nheyo yekushamwaridzana kwomumwe munhu, zvakakosha kuziva kuti danho iri ndiro rakanyanya kukurira uye rine ngozi, uye rinotanga pazera remakore gumi nemaviri. Munguva iyi, munhu anoita zvisarudzo zvinokosha, mune nzira yekuenderera mberi, iyo yeruzhinji ichava uye nezvimwe zvakadaro.
4. Upenyu hwevakuru. Kubvira pazera remakore gumi nemasere, vanhu vazhinji vane maitiro ezvinyorwa zvinoshanda mumutungamiri webasa uye hupenyu hwehupenyu. Munhu anozviziva kuburikidza nehutano uye ruzivo rwepabonde, uye kuburikidza kuburikidza neshamwari nezvimwe zvikamu.