Hemoblastisa inobatanidza boka guru rezvirwere zvinouraya zve lymphatic uye hematopoietic system. Izvo zvinoratidzirwa nekusawirirana kwekuparadzanisa uye kuunganidza mukati memaviri emasero mashoma emasikirwo emvura ayo akashaya simba rekugadza.
Mhando dzekenza yeropa
Zvinorondedzerwa zvirwere zvinoparadzaniswa zvikamu zviviri:
- leukemia (systemic);
- lymphomas (regional).
Kenza yeropa mumadzimai inowanzova yakawanda mukutanga, inonziwo leukemia kana kuti proteinosis. Maererano nerudzi rwemazuva ano, zvirwere zvakanyanya uye zvisingaperi zvinorwara zvinoratidzika. Muchiitiko chekutanga, leukemias inouya mumhando iyi inotevera:
- monoblast;
- lymphoblastic;
- myelomonoblast;
- erythromyeloblast;
- myeloblast;
- zvisina kufanira;
- megakaryoblastny.
Chimiro chisingaperi chirwere chinomiririrwa nemarikisi aya:
- myeloma;
- basophilic;
- myelocytic;
- eosinophilic;
- myelomonocytic;
- neutrophilic;
- myeloid leukemia;
- Chirwere chaCesari;
- hutachiona hunokosha;
- monocytic;
- chokwadi polycythemia (erythremia);
- lymphocytic leukemia ;
- histiocytosis X;
- Franklin nzara chain chain;
- Primary macroglobulinemia yeWaldenstrom.
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekenza yeropa muvakadzi
Munguva yekufambira mberi kweukwepa inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwemaukocyte inounganidza muhupenyu hwehupenyu. Vanosangana nekenza yeropa - zviratidzo zvevakadzi ndezvekuparara kwemuviri wekuzvidzivirira uye wekudzivirira. Kuumbwa uye zvinhu zve biofluid zvinokonzera, izvo zvinoita kuti kuve kukanganiswa kwezvinhu zvose zviri mukati uye kunokonzera chirwere chepemhemi.
Kuziva zviratidzo zvekenza yeropa pamatambo epakutanga kwakaoma, kliniki yake yemifananidzo haisi yepamusoro. Zviratidzo zvinoratidza hutachiona hutachiona hunowanzoperekedzwa nedzimwe zvirwere zve hematopoietic system. Symptomatology yakasimba, maererano nezvakanyanya kufungidzira hemoblastosis, inoonekwa gare gare, apo chirwere chemuropa chinokurumidza kufambira mberi.
Kenza yeropa - zvikamu
Vanachiremba vanosiyanisa zvikamu zvitanhatu zvekusimbiswa kwezvitsanangudzo zvechirwere. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekliniki. Zviratidzo zvekenza yeropa mumavambo ekutanga zvakaoma kusiyanisa, saka zvinogona kuitika zvisingaoneki kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Kana chirwere chinokonzerwa neukemia chinowedzera muhupenyu husingagumi, zviratidzo zvayo zvinowanzomira zvachose, uye kliniki inotumidzwa kare mumakore ekupedzisira ekuwedzera kwe hemoblastosis.
Kenza yeropa - nhanho 1
Kuparadzaniswa kusina kudzora kweiyocyteti isina kuibva kunosangana nekuderera kwakaipisisa mumabasa ezvirwere zvemuviri. Nokuda kwekudzivirirwa kusina simba kwomuviri, danho rekutanga rekenza yeropa rinoratidzwa nehuwandu hwehutachiona uye huwandu hwezvirwere zvekupemha. Kushaya simba nguva dzose kunonzwika, kuneta kunowedzera, kugona nekusava nehanya kunoonekwa. Panguva ino, dzimwe nguva zvinowanzoreva kansa yeropa - zviratidzo zvevakadzi:
- kudzokazve kwechirwere chisingagumi, stomatitis, pharyngitis;
- kupfupika kwemhepo;
- kuwedzera kutuka, kunyanya usiku;
- kuderedza kudya mwoyo.
Kanzira yeropa - nhanho 2
Kupararira kushingaira kwemitumbi mitsvuku isina-yakaguma kunobatanidza kuunganidza kwekiukocyte isati yasimudzika mumatumbu, kuumbwa kwetupa neoplasms. Izvi zvinokonzera zviratidzo zvinotevera zvekenza yeropa muvakadzi:
- hemorrhagic skin rash;
- kuwedzera kwechiropa, lymph nodes uye spleen;
- kuonekwa kwekuvhiringidza uye kukuvadzwa zvishoma;
- kupisa uye kuoma kweganda;
- kuputika uye kubuda ropa;
- kurasikirwa kwekurema kwemuviri;
- sudden motion sickness ("kurwara kwegungwa").
Kenza yeropa - chikamu chechitatu
Kufambira mberi nokukurumidza hemoblastosis kunokonzera kukanganisa mune zvose zvirongwa zvemukati nhengo, zvinoputsa mabasa avo. Muchikamu chino, kenza yeropa inonyatsoongororwa - zviratidzo zvezvirwere muvakadzi:
- nausea;
- kusava nenzara, dzimwe nguva anorexia;
- kubuda ropa nguva dzose (kubva mumhino, gums);
- kunyange kukanganisa kunhuwira kunofadza;
- shanduka muvira;
- bloating;
- kurwadziwa mumutsana, masangano nemapfupa;
- kuvhuvhuta lymph nodes mumugwagwa, pamutsipa, pasi pemakumbo;
- kuderera kwemaonero evanhu;
- headaches;
- kurutsa;
- fever.
Pane humwe hutano hunoratidza hutano hweropa - zviratidzo zvevakadzi zvinogona kusanganisira:
- yakawanda uye kazhinji uterine kubuda ropa;
- kureba kwenguva refu pamwedzi;
- marwadzo asingatambudziki pakutanga kwekuenda kumwedzi.
Kenza yeropa - chirongwa chechina
Pakupedzisira, zvisingateereri maitiro eukemia, nhengo dzomurwere dzinowedzerwa nematukisi anonyangadza, ayo anokurumidza kupera. Zvakajeka zviratidzo zvechiitiko zvinobatsira kutsigira kenza yeropa - danho rekupedzisira rinoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvinotevera:
- kupisa;
- kubuda ropa mukati;
- kugunun'una, kwete kupa mukanyiwa, kurwadziwa mumimba;
- cyanosis yezvipikiri nemiromo;
- rima guru richitenderera pasi pemeso, rinonyatsooneka paziso rinotarisa rinouraya;
- kunetseka;
- feverish conditions;
- kugona;
- kuora mwoyo;
- achifema kana achifema;
- kurwadziwa mumoyo;
- tachycardia;
- kugara uchicheka;
- kuporeswa kwakashata kunyange kunyange mavanga maduku uye mavara uye zvimwe zviratidzo.
Kenza yeropa mumadzimai - vanogara zvakadini?
Izvo zvinonzi hemoblastoses zvinotsamira pakuyera kwekuparadzirwa kwemashure leukocyte, basa rekuparadzanisa kwavo uye kuunganidza mumatumbu. Hazvina mhosva kuti chii chinokonzera zviratidzo zvepachirwere cheropa mumadzimai - vangani vanorarama nehutano hunoonekwa, hunotsanangurwa nesiteji yekufambira mberi kweukama, mararamiro ayo uye maitiro edzidzo. Pakutanga matanho ekubudirira kwehutachiona hwehutachiona, mikana yekurapa kwakakwana yakakwirira zvikuru, inosvika zana rezana.
Kana chirwere chacho chasvika pamapato matatu, murwere ari muzera rakanaka kana chirwere chisingaperi, makore mashanu okupona ari pakati pe24 kusvika ku90%. Pazvikamu zvitanhatu zve hemoblastosis inorwara hutachiona inofungidzirwa isingaregi, uye zvifananidzi zvinonyadzisa. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu, kurapwa ndiko kuwedzera hupenyu uye mupfungwa.
Kenza yeropa - zviratidzo zvevakadzi, miedzo
Kuti asimbise kusafungirwa kweukemukemia, an oncologist anoita chiitiko chemuviri wemurwere, anounganidza annesnesis, anopa ma laboratory akawanda uye zviongorori zvebasa. Kuti uongorore, uchitarisa chete zviratidzo zvakarongwa zvekenza yeropa muvakadzi, hazvigoneki. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kuratidzawo zvimwe zvirwere zve hematopoiesis system. Kuona kenza yeropa panguva yekutanga kunonetsa kupfuura kutora hemoblastosis muchikamu chekupedzisira chekufambira mberi. Kuti asimbise zvinonzi chirwere, pamatanho ose aya maitiro anoshandiswa.
Ko kanaya yeropa inowanikwa sei pakutanga?
Kutanga, nyanzvi inotungamirira murwere kupa ruoko rwehupenyu rwehupenyu hwehuwandu uye tsanangudzo yakajeka. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekenza yeropa muvakadzi zvinowanikwa kana:
- uwandu hweplatelet hwakakoromorwa zvikuru;
- muhutachiona hwehupenyu kune dzakawanda zvisingabviri masero masero;
- kamukira kadiki kadiki ye hemoglobin.
Kuyera ropa hakuzopi mhinduro yakakwana, saka oncologist inosarudza kuongorora sangano rehemopoietic - bone marrow. Kuti uite izvi, imwe yenzira dzinotevera dzinoshandiswa:
- classical biopsy;
- sternal puncture ;
- trepanobiopsy.
Kuti uone kuti mhando ipi yekenza inowedzera, immunophenotyping inoitwa. Iko kuongorora kwakananga kunoitwa nekuyerera kwektometetry teknolojia. Nokuda kwekudzidziswa kwekudzidzira, masayendisiti ezvekwenyika uye zvidzidzo zvechitogenetic zvinoitwa. Zvinopa kuonekwa kwechinhu chinokanganisa chromosomal kusakanganisika kunogadzirisa chikamu chekuropafadzwa kweukwepa, chiyero chekutsamwa kwake uye chiyero chekufambira mberi. Uyezve, maitiro ehutachiona anowanika pamatokisiki.
Dzimwe nyanzvi inocologist inoronga imwe nzira yekuongorora inobatsira kuwana mishonga yemakumbo nemafuta emumuviri, kuongorora kuwanda kwekukuvadza kune maitiro epakati uye kukura kwemasimasi:
- kuongororwa kweperebrospinal fluid;
- magnetic resonance imaging with contrast agent;
- chifukidzo X-ray;
- computed tomography yedunhu remuviri neuropi;
- electroencephalography;
- ultrasound kuongororwa kwenhengo dzomukati;
- dopplerography.