Basa rakakurumbira rechikoro raM FM Dostoevsky "Mhosva neHairo" ndiyo nhoroondo yemudzidzi uyo akasarudza pamhosva yakaipisisa. Mutsva, munyori anogunzva mibvunzo yakawanda yemagariro evanhu, zvepfungwa uye efilosofi izvo zvinoenderana nevevanhu vemazuva ano. Dzidziso ye Raskolnikov yave ichizviratidza pachedu kwemakumi emakumi emakore.
Chii chinonzi Raskolnikov'sory?
Izvo protagonist, sechikonzero chekufungisisa kwenguva refu, yakasvika pakugumisa kuti vanhu vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Vokutanga ndivo vanhu vanogona kuita chero chavanoda pasina kuteerera mutemo. Kune boka rechipiri, akabatanidza vanhu vasina kodzero, avo vane hupenyu hunogona kuregererwa. Ichi ndicho chirevo chikuru cheRaskolnikov'sory, iyo inobatsirawo kune vemazuva ano. Vanhu vazhinji vanozviona sevanokunda vamwe, kuputsa mitemo nekuita chero chavanoda. Mumuenzaniso, unogona kuunza majors.
Pakutanga, protagonist webasa racho ainzwisisa dzidziso yake sehose, asi paaifunga nezvazvo, zvakanyanya kufungidzira kufungidzira kwakaonekwa. Somugumisiro, akaparadzanisa vanhu vose vakamupoteredza mumapoka uye akaongororwa chete maererano nezvaanoda. Nyanzvi dzezvepfungwa dzatove dzaratidza kuti munhu anogona kuzvigutsikana nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana, achifunga nezvavo nguva dzose. Dzidziso yeRaskolnikov ndeye kuratidzira kwekunamatira zvakanyanya.
Zvikonzero zvekusika kweRaskolnikov'sory
Kwete vanoda mabhuku chete, asiwo nyanzvi mumasangano akasiyana-siyana, vakanyatsodzidza basa raDostoevsky kuitira kuti vasimbise maitiro evanhu uye mafirosofi aRaskolnikov.
- Kuzvikonzero zvetsika zvakakonzera hero kuti aite mhosva, imwe inogona kusanganisira chido chekunzwisisa chikamu chevanhu vaari ivo uye marwadzo kune varombo vanonyadziswa.
- Kune zvimwe zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kweRaskolnikov yedzidziso: urombo hwakanyanya, pfungwa yehupenyu kusaruramisira uye kurasikirwa kwezvimwe zvikwangwani.
Raskolnikov akauya sei munyaya yake?
Iyo nyanzvi yepamusoro muyano yose inoedza kunzwisisa chii chakakonzera chiito chinotyisa. Dzidziso yeunhu hwakasimba Raskolnikov inotsigira kuti kuitira kuti vanhu vakawanda vararame vachifara, vashoma vanofanira kuparadzwa. Somugumisiro wekufungisisa kwenguva refu nekufungisisa kwemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, Rodion akauya pakugumisa kuti iye ndeye wepamusoro boka revanhu. Vavengi vemabhuku vakaisa zvinangwa zvakawanda zvinoita kuti aite mhosva:
- kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza nevanhu;
- chido chokuva mukuru;
- chido chekuwana mari;
- kusafarira mukadzi akaipa uye asina maturo;
- chido chekuedza nheyo yako.
Chii chinonzi Raskolnikov nharo inounza kune vanotambura?
Munyori weCriminal and Punishment aida mubhuku rake kuti ataure kutambura uye kurwadziwa kwevanhu vose. Munenge peji peji ino ino inoratidza urombo, kusurukirwa nekuoma kwevanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, inozivo, yakabudiswa muna 1866, ine zvakawanda zvakaenzana nesangano remazuva ano, iro rinowedzera kuratidza kusava nehanya kune muvakidzani. Dzidziso yaRoodon Raskolnikov inopupurira kuvapo kwevanhu vakavhiringidzika vasina mukana wekurarama hupenyu hwakanaka, uye zvinonzi "vatungamiriri vehupenyu" nehomwe huru.
Chii chinopesana naRaskolnikov'sory?
Chimiro che protagonist chine zvimwe zvisinganzwisisiki zvinogona kuteverwa mubasa rose. Raskolnikov munhu ane hanya uyo haasi mutorwa kune kushungurudzika kwevamwe, uye anoda kubatsira avo vari kushaiwa, asi Rodion anonzwisisa kuti haagoni kuchinja nzira dzehupenyu. Zvisinei, anopa dzidziso inopesana zvachose nemitemo yehupenyu .
Kuwana kuti chikanganiso cheRaskolnikov chikonzero chei hero pachake, zvakakosha kuziva kuti aitarisira kuti aizobvisa kuparara uye kutanga kurarama nenzira itsva. Muchiitiko ichi, hero yacho yakawana zvakakonzera zvakakonzera, uye inowira mumamiriro ezvinhu asina tariro. Rodion aida vanhu, asi mushure mekuponda kwemukadzi wekare, haangagoni kuva navo, izvi zvinoshanda kunyange kuna amai. Zvose izvi zvinopesana zvinoratidza kusakwana kwenyanzvi iri mberi.
Ndeipi ngozi yerudzi rweRaskolnikov?
Kana tikafungidzira kuti pfungwa yakatungamirirwa naDostoevsky kuburikidza nemafungiro e protagonist yakave yakakura-zhinji, mugumisiro wevanhu uye nyika yese seyo inoshungurudza zvikuru. Pfungwa yeRaskolnikov ndeyekuti vanhu vanobudirira kune dzimwe nzira, somuenzaniso, mikana yemari, vanogona "kuchenesa" nzira yavo pachavo, vachiita chero chavanoda, kusanganisira kuuraya. Kana vanhu vazhinji vairarama maererano neshoko iri, nyika inongopedzisira yavapo, nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, avo vanonzi "vakwikwi" vaizoparadzana.
Muyano yose, Rodion ari kutambura mutsika, izvo zvinowanzotora maitiro akasiyana. Dzidziso yeRaskolnikov inotyisa nokuti hero inoedza nenzira dzose inogona kuti azviwone kuti basa rake rakarurama, nokuti aida kubatsira mhuri yake, asi iye pachake haaida chero chinhu. Nhamba huru yevanhu vanoita mhosva, vachifunga nenzira iyi, izvo hazvirevi kururamisa kwavo.
Pros uye nhamo yeRaskolnikov'sory
Pakutanga, zvingaita sekuti hapana maonero akanaka kune pfungwa yekuparadzanisa sangano, asi kana mimwe miipi yakaipa ichirasikirwa, zvino kuchine-chido chomunhu kuti afare. Dzidziso yeRaskolnikov yekodzero yehukama hwakasimba inoratidza kuti vazhinji vari kuedza upenyu huri nani uye ndiyo injini yekufambira mberi. Kana zviri zvekutsvaga, pane zvakawanda zvezvo, uye zvakakosha kune vanhu vanogovera maonero e protagonist yemanzwi.
- Chido chekuparadzanisa zvose mumapoka maviri, izvo zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipisisa, somuenzaniso, zvirevo zvakadaro zvakafanana neNazism. Vanhu vose vakasiyana, asi ivo vakaenzana pamberi paMwari, naizvozvo chido chekukwirira kune vamwe chakashata.
- Imwe njodzi iyo dzidziso yeRaskolnikov inounza kunyika ndiyo kushandiswa kwevamwe nzira muhupenyu. Zvinosuruvarisa, vanhu vazhinji vari munyika yemazuva ano vanorarama nemitemo "kuguma kunoruramisa nzira", iyo inotungamirira kumigumisiro inotyisa.
Chii chakadzivisa Raskolnikov kubva kurarama maererano nemano ake?
Dambudziko rose riri muchokwadi chokuti kugadzira mumusoro wake "mufananidzo wakanaka" Rodion haana kufunga nezvezvinhu zvehupenyu chaihwo. Iwe haugoni kuita kuti nyika ive nani nekuuraya mumwe munhu, zvisinei kuti ndiani aive. Icho chinonzi chirevo cheRaskolnikov chinonzwisisika, asi hazvina kufungidzirwa kuti mukadzi wekare akanga ari wokutanga kuwirirana muchengeti wekusaruramisira uye, achibvisa, hazvibviri kutsungirira matambudziko ose enyika. Vanhu vanoedza kuisa mari pane dzimwe nhamo dzevamwe hazvina kunaka kutumidza mudzi wechinetso, nokuti ivo vanongova nemigumisiro.
Chokwadi chinotsigira dzidziso yeRaskolnikov
Munyika, unogona kuwana nhamba yakawanda yemuenzaniso apo pfungwa yakarongedzwa ne protagonist yemanzwi yakashandiswa. Iwe unogona kuyeuka Stalin naHitler, avo vaitsvaka kuchenesa vanhu vevanhu vasina kukodzera, uye izvo zviito zvevanhu ava zvakatungamirira. Kusimbiswa kwemashoko aRaskolnikov kunogona kuonekwa mumafambiro evechicheche vechidiki, avo vanonzi "majors", avo, vasingateereri mitemo, vakaparadza upenyu hwevanhu vazhinji. Izvo chete hero, kuitira kuti asimbise pfungwa yake, anouraya, asi pakuguma anonzwisisa kutyisa kwechiito.
Dzidziso yeRaskolnikov uye kuparara kwayo
Basa racho harisi kungooneka chete, asi rinopesana zvachose nhoroondo dzisinganzwisisiki. Kuti achinje chisarudzo chake, Rodion anofanira kutsungirira kutambura kwepfungwa uye kwemuviri. Dzidziso yeRaskolnikov uye kuparara kwayo inoitika mushure mekunge aona kurota, uko vanhu vanoparadza mumwe nomumwe uye nyika inopera. Zvadaro anotanga kudzoka zvishoma nezvishoma kutenda kwakanaka. Mukupedzisira, anonzwisisa kuti munhu wese, pasinei nemamiriro avo ezvinhu, anofanirwa kufara.
Mukutsanangura nzira yaRaskolnikov yenharo yakatsoropodzwa, zvakakosha kuti titaure chokwadi chimwe chete chakajeka: mufaro haugoni kuvakwa pamhosva. Chisimba, kunyange kana zvichikwanisika kururamisa nemhando ipi zvayo yakakwirira, yakaipa. Iyo hero inobvuma kuti haana kuuraya mukadzi wekare, asi akazviparadza pachake. Kuparara kwetsika dzaRaskolnikov kwaive kuonekwa kunyange pakutanga kwezvaakagadzirira, sezvo zvisingakwanisi kuratidza kuratidzwa kwehuipi.
Ichokwadi here kuti Raskolnikov inyanzvi iripo nhasi?
Kunyange zvakadaro kusuruvara kunogona kunzwika, pfungwa yekuparadzanisa vanhu mukirasi iripo. Upenyu hwemazuva ano hwakaoma uye chirevo chokuti "akapona zvakasimba" inokonzera vazhinji kuita zviito zvisingaenderani netsika . Kana iwe uchiitisa tsvakurudzo, ndiani anorarama mazuva ano maererano nedzidziso yeRaskolnikov, ipapo munhu mumwe nomumwe, zvichida, anogona kutungamirira kumuenzaniso wehumwe humwe hwehupenyu hwemamiriro ake ezvinhu. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru zveizvi mamiriro ezvinhu ndekukosha kwemari inotonga nyika.