Kana iwe uchida kugovera munda wekudyara, teerera kutsika actinidia, kudyara nekuitarisira zviri nyore nyore. Icho chiri chechikwata chezviana, mumasikirwo akapararira muHimalaya, China, Japan, kuSakhalin. Zita remutauro rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki uye rinoreva "nyeredzi". Vabatsiri vakabereka mbeu dzakabereka michero munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeRussia.
Actinidia Description
Iko inonakidza actinidia is perennial shrub liana, kukwira pane zvigaro kusvika kumusoro. Inofadza ziso nerunako rwayo uye inokwezva maitiro ekuporesa majikiji. Munhu wose anoziva chibereko chechitiniini chinokanganisa (chiChinese) - kiwi. Tsika inokwezva varimi vekurima nekugadzira, mishonga uye fecundity. Tsanangudzo pfupi yemutsika:
- Iyi ndiyo dioecious winding tsika nematavi akaoma, kuwana michero, mukomana nemicheu yevakadzi inodiwa.
- Kuita zvepabonde kunotsanangurwa nemutsananguro: pamusoro pevarume maruva akabatanidzwa ne 6 kana kupfuura, zvikadzi pavanenge vari voga.
- Mashizha ari echekete, asina kutariswa pamakona.
- Blossoms actinidia snow-white, orange, yellowish buds, inoyeuchidza asterisks.
- Gwenzi muSeptember rinopa michero yakaoma uye yakaoma yemuchero ine miche duku uye kunhuhwirira kweinanapple. Nechikamu chevhitamini C, berry yakapfuura yakasvibira currant uye michero yevirumusi.
Iyo liana inokurudzira inofadza varimi kune gore rose: munguva yechando mashizha akajeka, munguva inoyerera - nekunhuhwirira. Mune mamwe marudzi munaAgasti mashizha anova variegated crimson. Muchikwata chimiro chinova chivara chegoridhe chakajeka, munaOctober mashizha anowa. Gwenzi racho rakakodzerwa nekutaridzika kwemavara, rinoshanda sechinhu chakayevedza checheni, jira, gazebo, chivako cheimba.
Actinidia - marudzi
Kune marudzi akawanda emashirita anoita zvechitinidia, anosiyana munguva yezvibereko zvekuibva, ukuru hwezvakaburiro uye musango. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa pamunda ndeyemarika uye nharo. Iyo inokosha kupfuura yese munharaunda yeRussia inonzi inonzi colomict, kubva pane iyo micspecies Michurin naClara Zetkin inotorwa. Miti yacho inoshamisa nokuda kwekudzivirira kwechando, inogara pa -45 ° С. Mashizha eOval ane zvinhu zvinoshamisa - mazuva mashanu kusvika maviri asati apfutira, ndiro yakava chena, uye inenge ichinyatsoiswa mumucheka mutsvuku. Buds kunhuhwira zvakanaka, uye berry emerald, ine hukuru hwakawanda uye inonaka inonakidza.
Actinidia's argument
Muhupamhi inoshandisa nzvimbo inotungamirira, kukwirira kwemuzambiringa kunogona kusvika mamita makumi matatu. Uturu hwetutsi hwahwo hunosiyana kubva pa10 kusvika ku20 masentimita. Arguta inonyatsotarisana nemiti, inovapa kutarisa kwekunaka. Zvibereko zvezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana pakati pehama dzose, zvinofanana ne mini kiwi, actinidia yemakakatanwa ane maruva machena. Majiro ayo ari kunhuhwirira akafanana neaninipine, ruvara ruchena, jira uye nyama. Chiremera chechibereko chiya magiramu matanhatu, iyo ichapedza kukohwa pakupera kweSeptember, michero yakatsvuka yakanaka.
Actinidium Issai
Kuzviti-pollinating (hermaphroditic) actinidia, kudyara nekuitarisira hazvidi kuti kuvapo kwevarume nevakadzi vemu subspecies. Liana inokura kusvika mamita 9, inogadzirisa kusvika makore makumi matatu. Gwenzi rine ruvara rwemavara-ruvara rwebhuruu, pubescent nemavhudzi matsvuku. Mashizha acho makuru, akaumbwa nehombodo, echekete, mavelvety. Chimiro cheplate ndiro chivharo, kureba ndeye 17-25 masikati. Zvibereko zveCeniniinidium zveIssyi zvinopera muna May-June, vane kamu cream, mukombe wakaita sekapu, 2,5-5 masendimita. Mukati yaOctober pane gwenzi kune michero yakaoma-inonaka, mukati meorivhi, panze yakafukidzwa nevhudzi rakatsvuka.
Actinidia Far Eastern
Mvura inotonhora kupfuura imwe yemiti ndiyo Actinidia, munda uri kumabvazuva. Imwe mitauro inonzi Amur gooseberries. Kubva kumabvazuva kwekuMabvazuva iyi tsika yakasvika kuminda yepakatikati. Mune imwe nzvimbo gwenzi rinokurudzira kusvika kune makore makumi mashanu, rine nguva yekukura kwenguva. Ane mavara epepuru, zvinomera zvinokura nokukurumidza. Zvibereko ndezvenguva refu, zvakasvibirira, zvine ruvara rwemavara. Vanonwira kutapira uye kuveva, vachiyeuchidza chinanaini, vane chando cheganda. Liana ine chando chikuru chekuoma kwechando. Sezvo chikamu chemucheche, pane nhamba yepamusoro ye vitamini C, chete muhudyu yakasimuka.
Actinidia pineapple
Dioecious actinidia ye "Pineapple" inonzi inofanirwa kukura liana, imwe yeiyo yakanyanyisa. Inosvika kureba mamita gumi, inotumbuka mumaruva anonhuwira muna May-June. Zvibereko zvinokura kusvika masendimita matatu, zvakasvibirira nemavara matsvuku, inonaka zvakanaka neinozorodza asidi, inoyeuchidza kiwi neinhu inonhuhwirira yeinanasi. Inogona kudyiwa necheperi, yakabereka munaOctober, inotakurwa zvakanaka. Mbeu muzvikoroti zviduku zvikuru, uye zvokudya zvisinganzwi. Nokuti kudyara kunoda 1 mbeu yemurume ye 6-8kadzi.
Actinidia purple
Kubva pakuona kwekunakidza, zvisikwa zvepepuru zvinotarisa zvinonakidza. Izvozvo zvinonzi maitiro anowanikwa nehupo hwehutachiona hwemadziro, kusvika pahupamhi mamita matatu. Mashizha acho anonzi elliptical, ane dzimwe nguva vhudzi repasescent, rine tsvuku. Maruva ane chando-machena machena uye nyeredzi anthers, akaunganidzwa mumapoka maduku.
Misiyano yakakura ndeyendarira yakasvibirira berry ne nyama yepepuru uye ganda, nekunaka kwakanaka, kuyera magiramu mashanu. Munguva yekuibva kwechibereko, muti wacho unoratidzika sekunakidza - sekunge sweets tsvuku inosungirirwa pakati pemashizha. Purple zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekushanda zvakaoma munguva yechando uye nguva yakasakara. Ichi chando chinopisa kupisa, hulo yakanyanya yekukura kwayo inotenderera nekukwirira kweKiev.
Actinidia Jumbo
Zvinyorwa zveItaly zvakakura, zvinotapira zveylindrical shape, kana yakabikwa dzinowana ruvara rwegirini-ruvara. Inogona kudyiwa necheji, kukohwa kunobereka munaOctober. Miti yacho yakasimba, inosvika kureba mamita 8, iyo yakagadziriswa yakakomberedzwa pamiti kana kupararira pasi, zvichiita mashizha akaoma. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana ndeyechando-yakasimba, inopikisa frosts kusvika -30 ° C, asi inoda nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa kubva kumhepo. Jumbo, kusiyana nerokuti actinidia hermaphroditic, rudzi rwe dioecious, nokuti kutinhira kwezvibereko kunoda mupfuri - kuvapo kwevarume nevakadzi. Vanogara pedyo.
Actinidia - landing
Iye zvino iri kuvimbisa kuva nechimiro chechitinidia mubindu, kudyara uye kuitarisira kunoitwa maererano nezvakagadzirwa agrotechnics. Kubvisa miti yakasvibirira zvakanaka munguva yechando kana pakutanga kwezhizha. Zviise zvakanaka nenzira yakatarisa yebindu, pamwe nemadziro kana masvingo, arbors, shandi yekunamatira inoda trellis kugadzirisa matavi. Nzira yekudyara actinidia:
- hupamhi hwemakomba huri masendimita makumi manomwe, hupamhi hwacho 50-60 cm, kureba pakati pebwenzi ndi 1.5-2 m;
- kusvika pasi pakadzika mabwe, mabheji ane masendimita gumi nemashanu;
- unofanirwa kuvhara actinidia pakarepo, nekudyara nekuchengetedza iwe unoda musanganiswa webindu munda ne 10 kg ye humus, 200 g ye superphosphate , 50 g ye ammonium nitrate, 80 g ye potassium munyu;
- apo substrate inogara (inenge hafu yemwedzi), hillock kubva muvhu rakaorera pasina kusvibiswa inodururwa pamusoro pemusanganiswa wezadza, mbeu inodyarwa;
- iyo ivhu rakanyorove tamped, gwenzi rinonwisa mvura zhinji 2-3 matangi emvura;
- Muviri wekitivi unofanirwa kunge uri pamunda shure kwekudyara;
- Kwenguva yekutanga (mazuva gumi nemana), mbeu yacho yakafukidzwa nemucheka wakachena;
- ivhu rakanyongedzwa nemasikisi kana peat;
- nokuda kwechitiniiniyasi, kudyara nekuyamwisa kunobvumirwa uye munguva yekupedzisira, zvinokosha kuti zviitike iyo yehutano tekombiki yevhiki yekurima 2-3 mavhiki vasati vatanga firiji. Nokuda kweizvi, mbesa pazera remakore 2-3 dzakakodzera, vakwegura vane zvakaoma kurambidza kupera kwekuvhuvhuta.
Kuberekwa kweCenzoinidia
Chikamu chinokwira chinobereka nyore - matepi, mbeu, cuttings. Iyo nzira yevirongwa inobereka michero kwemakore 3-4. Miti yacho, yakakura kubva kumbeu, ichapa majikiji ekutanga mumakore manomwe. Nzira dzepamusoro dzekuwedzera actinidia:
- Tappu. Apo chitubu chemvura inopera inoyerera inosvika kumagumo uye mashizha mashoma anoonekwa, kupfura kwakasimba kunosarudzwa uye nechepasi pasi inonamirwa pasi. Nzvimbo yekubatanidza inodururwa nevhu kune imwe nzvimbo ye15 cm uye sawdust. Musoro wepfuti unofanira kugara pamusoro pevhu. Iyo ivhu inonwa mvura yakarongeka, masora anopera. Mugore rakatevera, maruva aya anogona kuparadzaniswa kubva kumatumbi echikadzi uye akadzika midzi, achishandisa agrotechnics -kudyara actinidia mugore.
- Cuttings. Iyi nzira ndiyo inokurumidza. Cuttings inobudiswa munaJune, matavi mazhinji ane hutano akareba mamita yakareba anogurwa. Mhedziso yehuta inoderedzwa mumvura, yakakamurwa kuva masendimita masendimita makumi mashanu nema internodes maviri. Kudyara kwe cuttings mu greenhouse kunoitwa pamubhedha. Mune ivhu, humus uye rwizi jecha zvinowanikwa muchikamu che2: 2: 1 uye mineral fertilizer (100 gramu pamamita mita imwe). Chiyero pakati pezvienzamu 5 cm, ipi yepamusoro inofanira kuva pamusoro pevhu. Iyo ivhu inowirirwa yakawanda, nokuti michero yechando inoda kutarisirwa-iyo yakafukidzwa nemashizha akadonha, uye muchero yakadyarwa mubindu.
- Mbeu. Zvinyorwa zvekumera zvinotorwa kubva kune chibereko, chakaomeswa. Muna December ivo vakanyoroveswa kwemazuva mana, vakaiswa mumapuroni nekuchengetedza uye bhokisi rejecha. Mbeu dzinoda kutarisirwa - dzinodonhwa vhiki imwe neimwe kuitira kuti dzisaoma. MunaJanuary, bhokisi rejecha rakaiswa mufiriji. Muna March, iyo inotamirwa kune imwe nzvimbo inopisa ye 10-12 ° C, mbeu dzinoramba dzichigadziriswa uye dzakashambidzwa.
Apo vamwe vavo proklyutsya, zviyo zvakasimwa mumakungwa nemusanganiswa wejecha rejecha nemichero yevhu muhupamhi hwemasendimita mashanu.Tsika yakasvibiswa, yakafukidzwa kubva mumasana ekubuda kwezuva. Apo mashizha 3-4 anoonekwa pamashuzha, zvinomera zvinodyarwa muchitema. Nguva yokutanga mbeu dzinenge dzichikura pashure pemakore 3-5, zvino zvinokwanisika kuongorora zvepabonde uye kuvadyara munzvimbo inogara.
Actinidia - kukura uye kutarisira
Bindu actinidia, kudyara uye kuchengetedza izvo zvinoitwa zvakananga, zvibereko zvinobereka kusvika makirogiramu makumi maviri emakroti kubva mugwenzi. Mitemo yekutanga yekukura musima:
- Pruning. Pamusoro pemakore gumi nemana-makumi mapfumbamwe egore rinotora bhuni rakapwanyika, rakasimudzirwa uye matavi, rinosimudza korona. Liana inoumbwa nenzira yesimbi uye yakananga. Pazera remakore 8-10, chirongwa chechitinidia chinoitwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisazve kuchera - nokuti nguva yechando inobva chete inopisa 40 cm.
- Wintering. Mushure mokukohwa, simiti yacho yakafukidzwa nemashizha uye fir-tree lapnika pedyo nemidzi. Havabvisi muzambiringa kubva kune trellis.
- Kusununguka. Panguva yekuchera kwechibereko, pasi inonyatsogadziriswa podpushivayut kusvika pakadzika kwete kupfuura 10 cm, nekutarisirwa zvakakosha kuti irege kukuvadza midzi iri munzvimbo yakasara.
Actinidia - top dressing
Kukurudzirwa kwechitiniini kunosanganisira kuzadza zvakare simiti, inokurudzira kukura kwemaruva matsva, inovandudza winter hardiness. Miti inoshandiswa mumwando shure kwekukohwa pamyero we 1 mita mita: 2 kg ye humus, 40 g ye superphosphate, 10 g ye potassium munyu. Muchirimo, vasati vatumbuka, kupfeka kwepamusoro kunofanira kusanganisira kuwedzera kwema gramu makumi mana e nitrogen uye 20 g ye potassium uye mazai e phosphoric pamamita mita.
Actinidia maruva - kumwa mvura
Kufungidzira actinia mubindu kunosvibiswa ne-air-drop method - nemangwanani uye manheru kunwisa. Mumamiriro okunze anopisa, 6-8 nhovo dzemvura dzinodururwa pasi pegwenzi rakasiyana-siyana vhiki yega yega yezvisikwa zvose, kuitira kuti liana irege kurasikirwa mashizha. Nyika inodiwa kuti midzi iome, asi mvura haifaniri kupera mumutsara wepedyo. Iyo inobatsira kuisa mulch the substrate ne 10-12 cm ye sawdust kuchengetedza unyoro.