Kunyada uye mukurumbira, kunyadziswa uye kukanganisa ndiwo mativi maviri emitambo yeOlympic.
IOlympics yeChirungu inobatanidza, kune rumwe rutivi, nerukudzo, kubwinya nekukundwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune kukakavadzana, kutyisa nekunyengera. Regai tiongorore nguva dzinopenya kumativi ose maviri, kutanga neunyengeri chinonyadzisa muna 1896 pamberi pekutaura kwematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya muna 1968.
1. 1896, Atene: marathon mumotokari
Pakati pemitambo yeOlymicic yokutanga, mumwe wevatori vechikamu munhangemutange ye marathon Spiridon Belokas akatungamirira chikamu chenzira munzira. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, aigona kusvika chete kumucheto wokupedzisira wechitatu.
2. 1900, Paris: Vakadzi ?! Icho chinotyisa!
Pakutanga Mitambo yeOlympic muna 1896, vakadzi vakanga vasingagoni kutora chikamu mumakwikwi. Asi kare pamitambo yechipiri yeOlympic muParis, vakadzi vakabvumirwa kutora chikamu, asi zvakadaro, mumatare mashanu: tennis, mabhiza uye kufamba, kufamba nengoro. Asi kunyange iyi yakanga iri danho guru, rakapiwa kuti muna 1900 munyika dzakawanda vakadzi vakanga vasisina kunyange kodzero yekuvhota.
3. 1904, St. Louis: Marathon mumotokari
Unogonazve kuve nechokwadi chokuti upenyu hahudzidzisi chinhu, uye America Fred Lorz haana kutora mhedziso yakakodzera kubva pachiitiko naBelokas. Asina kuputsa makiromita 15, akapinda mumotokari yomudzidzisi wake, maaifamba nayo 18 km anotevera, apo motokari yacho yakangoerekana yavhurika. Mamwe mapfumbamwe makiromita Lortz akamhanya ose ari oga, achisiya vadzivisi vari kure kumashure. Kare mushure mekupa mubairo, iye achiri kubvuma kubiridzira, akanga asina kukodzera, asi gore rakatevera akatendeseka akakunda marathon muBoston.
4. 1908, London: dambudziko mumitemo
Ndezvipi zvatinofanira kuita kana nyika mbiri dzinopinda musangano dzisingagoni kubvumirana nemitemo yemakwikwi mamwechete? Zvadaro vanosarudza mitemo yenyika yakagamuchira. Zvakaitika muna 1908 mumakwikwi ekupedzisira mamita mazana mana, apo American John Carpenter yakavhara nenzira yakananga nzira yeBritish Wyndham Holswell, iyo yakabvumirwa muU.S., asi yakarambidzwa muBrithani. Muvezi akanga asina kukodzera maererano nemitemo yenyika yeOlympics, asi vamwe vatambi vaviri vakanga variwo maAmerica uye, pamwe nehutungamiri hwevanhu, vakaramba kupinda muchirongwa chekare, kuitira kuti Holswell aifanira kumhanya ari oga. Akazopedzisira apihwa kukunda.
5. 1932, Los Angeles: The Mysterious Sound
Zvakakunda sirivha mumutambo wakanakisa wemutambo wekukwikwidza - dressage, - mutambi wechiSweden Bertil Sandström aibviswa zvayo uye akatamira kunzvimbo yekupedzisira yekuti inoshandisa nzira dzisingabvumirwi dzekutarisa bhiza - pamwe nekutsvaga. Sandström akatsanangura mhedzisiro yerinzwi neruzhinji rwechirasi. Zvaive chaizvoizvo, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kuwana, asi iye achiri nemari yemari.
6. 1936, Berlin: kutanga kwepabonde
Mukurwisana kwekukunda mumakwikwi emamita zana, mutori wegoridhe wePoland Stanislav Valasevich akarasikirwa zvishoma kuMelika Helene Stevens. Izvi zvakakonzera kusanzwisisika kwechikwata chePolish: vakataura kuti nguva yakaratidzwa nemukadzi weAmerica yakanga isingakwanisi kuwanikwa nemukadzi uye inoda kuedzwa kwevakadzi. Stevens akabvumirana kuti aende kuongorora kunonyadzisa, izvo zvakasimbisa kuti aiva mukadzi. Asi chinonyanya kufadza ndechokuti nyaya iyi yakagamuchira zvimwe zvisingatarisirwi mberi. Makumi mashoma emakore gare gare, muna 1980, Stanislava Valasevich, uyo panguva iyoyo akatamira kuUnited States akachinja zita rake kuna Stella Wolsch, akaurayiwa muupamba mune zvechitoro kuCleveland. Pakavhiringidzika, chokwadi chinotyisa chakabuda: aive chirafu.
7. 1960, Rome: kumhanya asina shangu
Kusvikira 1960 vatambi vasati vambokwikwidza vasina shangu. Mumhanyi weEtiopia, Abebe Bikila, akakurudzirwa paaimhanya marathon ose kure asina shangu uye akapedza kutanga.
8. 1960, Rome: kuchinjwa kwevatambi
Munguva yekutanga yekukwikwidza kwepentathlon - kuvhara - vatambi vanobva kuTunisia vakaedza kukunda, asi vakaziva kuti vakanga vasiya shure. Zvadaro vakasarudza kutumira nguva imwe neimwe kurwisa panzvimbo yevamwe nhengo dzechikwata chese fencer yakasimba. Kunyange zvakadaro, apo mutambi iyeye akapinda munharaunda yekudzivirira kwechitatu, unyengeri hwakaratidzwa.
9. 1960, Rome: kukundwa neziso
American Lance Larson naJohn DeWitt wokuAustralia pamusangano wemakore 100 wemutambo wakapedzisa panguva imwe chete. Mumazuva iwayo kwakanga kusina michina yemagetsi, vatongi vakafunga kuti anokunda maziso. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekunge vaudza zuva racho, kukunda kwakapiwa DeWitt, kunyange zvazvo Larson akambotanga kugunzva muromo.
10. 1964, Tokyo: chromosomal absurdity
Mutambi wechiPolish Eva Klobukovska akakunda "goridhe" munharaunda yechina kusvika mamita 100 uye "bronze" pamamita mamita zana. Zvisinei, makore matatu gare gare, zvichibva pamigumisiro yekuongororwa kwekromosome, akanga asina kukodzera uye akadzivirirwa pamitambo yose yeOlympic ya1964. Kunyange zvakadaro, semuenzaniso weVolsh, nyaya yacho haigumi ipapo. Makore mashomanana gare gare Klobukovskaya aiva nemwanakomana, uye kusahadzika kwake pamusoro pepabonde rake kwakange kwaenda, kusiyana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwekuongorora kwechirwere chromosome, iyo yakatanga kukonzera kukwidza kwakawanda.
11. 1972, Munich: "kuwedzera" mumhanyi
Apo vateereri vakaona murume uyu, vakakunda vachimhanyira kumitambo munguva yemarathon, munhu wese akafunga kuti uyo anokunda akanga achifamba makiromita makumi maviri nemashanu. Zvechokwadi, waiva mudzidzi wechiGermany uyo akasarudza kutamba nharo pavateereri vezviuru zvezviuru. Haana kungoitawo mukana we marathon, akanga asiri mutambi zvachose. Iye anowanzokunda, American Frank Shorter, akazoonekwa gare gare.
12. 1968, Mexico: mutauro
Nyanzvi yeCzech yakaisvonaka Vera Chaslavska yakazova chiratidzo chehondo yenyika yerusununguko apo, pamutambo wemubairo, akasvibisa zvakashata kubva muSoviet mureza panguva yekuurayiwa kwechirongwa cheU.SR mukurwisana neSoviet kupinda kweCzechoslovakia.
13. 1968, Mexico City: yekutanga kudengenyeka
Pamitambo yeOlympics kwekutanga kokutanga munhoroondo yemutambi wacho akanga asina kukodzera kushandisa dope. ChiSweden pentathlonist Hans-Gunnar Lillenvall anwa doro pamberi pemakwikwi, kuitira kuti asave nekutya. Mutambi wacho akadziviswa mubairo webhron mushure mekunge doro rake rawanikwa muropa rake.
14. 1968, Mexico City: black salute
Pakati pemutambo wekupa mubayiro wemakwikwi mazana maviri, vatambi veAmerica John Carlos naTommy Smith vakasimudza fani mumagetsi matsvuku uye vakakwazisa nemisoro yavo pasi kuratidzira rusarura. Saka vakamira muzvigunwe zvavo vasina shangu, vachifananidzira urombo hwevanhu vemazuva. Yakanga iri huru yezvematongerwo enyika, shure kwaizvozvo vatambi vakadzingwa kubva muboka. Peter Norman wekuAustralia, anomhanyira, anoita kunge akamira pachitsika, zvirokwazvo akatorawo chikamu muchiito chacho, akapfekedza badge yemuongorori weOlymic project nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu, iyo yakataura pamusoro pechisarura. Makore makumi matatu nemasere gare gare, apo Norman akafa, Carlos na Smith vakatakura bhokisi rake.
15. 1972, Munich: hapana chiziviso
Zvinoshamisa kuti, asi panguva yeOlympics skiing yaiva imwe yenzira pakati pemitambo yezhizha. MuAustria skier Karl Schrange akanga asina kukodzera kuonekwa akafuka t-shirt nekinyorwa chekutengesa kahawa mumutambo webhola, iyo yaifungidzirwa seine kudyidzana. Izvi zvinoreva kuti Schrantz akarega kuonekwa sevecheriri, uye maererano nemitemo yeOlympic Charter, iyo yakabata panguva iyoyo, vadzidzisi vakabvumirwa kupinda muMitambo yeOlympic. Chiitiko chacho chaiva nekusununguka kukuru uye pakupedzisira kwakatungamirira kugadziriro muAltern Olympic Committee (IOC).
16. 1972, muMunich: mutambo weKorbut
Mutevedzeri wevashandi veSoviet Olga Korbut kwekutanga akabudisa chinhu ichi chakaoma zvikuru, chakaitwa pamitambo yakawanda. Mudzidzisi wepamuviri anomira pamusoro pepamusoro uye anogadzira mupumburu, achibatanidza nemaoko ake. Ichi chinhu chakanga chakakwanisa kudzokorora chete Elena Mukhina, uyo akachivandudza icho nechirwere. Parizvino, "kureva Korbut" inorambidzwa nemitemo ye gymnastics, tk. vatambi havabvumirwi kumira pamabhagi asina kufanira.
17. 1972, Munich: zvinotyisa basketball
Kupedzisira kwekukwikwidza kwebhasikiti pamitambo iyi yeOlympic kunofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo yakakakavadzana kubva muna 1936, apo mutambo wacho wakabatanidzwa mumutambo weOlympics. Nguva dzose dzinofarira - boka reUnited States - rakarasikirwa negoridhe kumusangano weUSSR. Zvinoratidzika hazvishamisi, asi mhedziso yemutambo yakasarudza masekondi matatu. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, sirin yakaratidza mashure masere mberi, uye stopwatch yaifanira kunge isingadzokeri shure. Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwekambani, boka reSoviet rakabvumirwa kupinda mubhola katatu, kunyange zvazvo raifanira kunge rakapedziswa mushure mekutanga kana, kupiwa matambudziko eumhizha, wechipiri kuisa. Mutambo wacho wakaguma nemugumisiro 51-50, mazano maviri ekupedzisira eboka reU.SR rakaunza bhora, rakawana muchipiri chekupedzisira. Dare reAmerica rakaramba kugamuchira medari yesirivha uye haina kuenda kumhemberero yemitambo. Kufanana nedzimwe nyanzvi dzenyika dzakawanda, vatambi veAmerica bhasikiti vachiri kuramba kubvuma migumisiro yemutambo unonyadzisa.
18. 1976, Montreal: iyo nhoroondo yakakwirira kudarika yakawanda
Romanian gymnast Nadia Komaneci, achitaura pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvisina kufanira, akava muchengeti wokutanga, uyo akagamuchira mapfumbamwe. Zvakanga zvisingatarisirwi kuti vatongi havana kubva vatenda maziso avo, sezvo vaitenda kuti chikamu chebhuku chakaiswa pa scoreboard chaiva 9.99.
19. 1976, Montreal: Boris the Counterfeiter
Soviet pentathlete Boris Onischenko, mubairo wevakawanda-anowona mumakwikwi enyika, akatongerwa nekubiridzira. Mumunondo wake wakange wakasungirirwa bhodhi raaigona panguva ipi zvayo yevhare yeketani uye tenderera bhari yegadziri inogadzirisa jekisi yejojo. Uye kunyange mushure mokunge adzorera munondo, akatendeseka akakunda hondo dzakasiyana-siyana mumutsara, izvi hazvina kumuponesa kubva pakusagadzikana kweupenyu hwose uye kubviswa kwezvipo zvose.
20. 1980, Moscow: chiratidzo che "hafu-ruoko"
Mutambi wechiPolish Vladislav Kazakevich, uyo akakunda goridhe mu pole vaulting, akazozivikanwa zvikuru ne "hafu-ruoko" yake, izvo zvaakazviratidza kuvanhu vaimukurudzira, uyo akanga achirwara mutambi weSoviet Volkov. Akatoda kupedza mutsara, asi sangano rePoland rakavimbisa vatongi kuti chiratidzo chacho chakanga chisiri kunyomba, asi chakakonzerwa nehuputi hwemisi.
21. 1984, Los Angeles: kuwa shure kwekupesana
Panguva yemakwikwi emakiromita matatu-mamita, American Mary Decker, achitsvaga mhete yegoridhe, akawira pamusana pashure pokupikisana neSouth Africa Ash Ash, uyo akanga achifarira UK, uye haana kukwanisa kupedzisa nhangemutange. Mushure mokurukurwa kwezvakaipomerwa zvese zvakanga zvisiri pachena zvakaitika chaizvoizvo. Zvisinei, gore rakatevera, apo pamakwikwi muUnited States maAmerica akakunda goridhe iri kure, akakwanisa kuzunguza ruoko rwaBudd uye akabvuma kuti chikonzero chekuwa kwake paOlympic ndechekuti zvakanga zvisina kujairika kuti atange kumhanya pakati pevanhu vakawanda.
22. 1984, Los Angeles: The Twins 'Trick
Mutambi wePuerto Rican Madeleine deJesu mushure mokunge asingabudiriri kumhanyira mushure mirefu refu yakasarudza kuchinja uye kumutumira hanzvadzi mbiri kuti dzishandise marara 4 kusvika ku400 mamita muhutano hwekuzvidzivirira. Hapana munhu aifungidzira chero chinhu uye muboka rekutsvaga boka racho rine mikana yakanaka. Zvisinei, mutungamiri weboka rehurumende akazove ari murume akachena kristall uye akadzinga boka racho kubva pakupedzisira apo achangodzidza nezvekuisa panzvimbo.
23. 1988, Seoul: goridhe, pasinei nekukuvara
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza zvakajeka kuti Greg Luganis, anonyanya kukwikwidzana yemitambo yeAmerican, anorova musoro wake kurwisana nechigadziriswa panguva yekubvumirana. Pasinei nokuti iye akavhuvhuta musoro wake muropa uye zvakaoma kuti apedzisire ruka, zuva raitevera akakunda kukunda kwekutenda uye akakunda medari yake yechitatu yegoridhe, mberi kwemuvengi wake wepamberi ne 26 points.
24. 1988, Seoul: zana-dollar doping
Kwenguva yekutanga kubvira muna 1928, kukunda mamita zana emamiti yeboka reCanada renyika, Ben Johnson akabviswa ndarama mazuva matatu gare gare, apo yakawanikwa kuti steroid yakanga yawanikwa muropa rake. Sezvo mudzidzisi wake akazotaura zvakare, vanenge vari vatambi vose panguva iyoyo vaishandisa steroid, uye Johnson akanga ari mumwe wevamwe vakabata.
25. 1988, Seoul: kusaruramisira kutonga
Apo mumutambo wokupedzisira pakati peAmerican boxer Roy Jones uye South Korean Pak Sihun kukunda kwakapiwa kune vekupedzisira, zvaive kushamisika kwevanhu vose, kusanganisira uyo anokunda iye pachake. Jones akakundwa mumativi ose matatu (kusiyana nevadzidzisi vanorwisana nemakwikwi gumi nemaviri, ivo vanoda 3 chete), muchikamu chechipiri, vaKorea vaifanirawo kuverenga pasi "kugona" kugogodza. Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe, kunze kwekutanga, Jones akaita dzimwe punch yakajeka kupfuura Sihun yehondo yose. Iyo hondo ichiri kuonekwa seimwe yekusaruramisira zvikuru munhoroondo yebhokisi, zvikurukuru kuvonga kwaari mubhokisi rekutsvaga kwakagadziriswa nzira itsva yekuongororwa.
26, 2000, Sydney
Muongorori wekuAustralia Alanna Slater akaratidza pfungwa yokuti projectile yejecha rejecha yakanyanyisa pasi, uye pairi kuyerwa, yakazoita kuti yakaita mamita masere pasi pezinga raidiwa. Vatambi vashanu vakabvumirwa kutaura zvakare, asi vangani vanoita gymnasts vakapukunyuka kubva mumakwikwi kusvikira iyo projectile yakagadzirirwa kusvika yakakosha.
27. 2000, Sydney: inyanzvi yeuropen
Apo romunyanzvi wokuRomania Andrea Radukan panguva yemitambo yakatora chando, dhigirii romuti wenyika ramupa akamupa nurofen - inozivikanwa antipyretic, iyo isina mishonga inogona kutengwa pane imwe yemishonga. Chiremba haana kutarisa kuti kuumbwa kwechirwere ichi kunosanganisira pseudoephedrine, inosanganiswa neIOC mumutambo wemishonga inorambidzwa. Somugumisiro, mukadzi wemutambo wacho akadziviswa negoridhe mumunhu wake oga-kumativi ose. Zvisinei, Komiti yeOlympic yakacherechedza kuti chiitiko chacho chaive chikonzero chekuregererwa kwechiremba, saka iyo miviri miviri yakasara, yegoridhe yechipiri nesirivha, yakasiyira muimba yejimini.
28. 2004, Athene: marathon asina kubudirira
Tichimhanya chikamu chikuru chemutambo we marathon, British Paula Radcliffe, uyo akaita nhepfenyuro yenyika isati yakarohwa panguva iyi muna 2002, yakawa uye haina kukwanisa kumuka, izvo zvakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vapindure. Imwe nyanzvi yakapomera mutambi wacho kuti haana kunyange kuedza kupfuurira kumhanho; achiitirana nharo pamusoro pezvikonzero, akafunga kuti aida kukunda nenzira dzose, asi, achiziva kuti akanga ari pasi peJapan Mizuki Noguchi, akasarudza kumisa mutambo, nezvimwewo. Pakuguma, maonero evanhu akasendamira parutivi rwaRadcliffe, uye mutsara wacho wakapomerwa kuti wakabata mutambi wacho nehasha zvikuru nokuti akanga ari mukadzi.
29. 2008, Beijing: iyo yakakakavadzana nezera
Iye Kexin, chiChinese gymnast uyo akakunda mishonga mbiri dzegoridhe, pamwe nevamwe vaviri vevanhu varo vakava chinhu chinokanganisa chakabatanidzwa nemakore ehupenyu. Kunyange zvazvo Kesin aive nemakore gumi nematanhatu panguva yeMitambo, kutaridzika kwake kwakanga kusina kufanana nezera iroro - aitarisa vaduku zvikuru, uye pakanga panewo zvimwe kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pezvokwadi yemabhuku akatsigira makore ake. IOC yakatotanga kuongorora nekukumbira kwemifananidzo yemhuri uye mapepa akawedzerwa, asi hapana chimwezve chinogona kuwanikwa, uye kupesana kwakanyanyisa.
30. 2008, Beijing: Kurwisa paMutongi
Munguva yechitatu kurwisana kwekurwa kwechitatu, Cuban Taekwondoist Angel Matos akakuvara uye akakumbira nguva. Apo, mushure mokubvumira maminitsi, haana kudzoka zvakare kurwisana, kukunda nemitemo kwakagoverwa kune muvengi wake. ICuban yakatsamwa yakasundira mutongi wechipfuva ndokukanda chiso chomupurisa. Pamusana pemufambiro wakadaro usina kufambisa, mutambi nemudzidzisi wake vakange vasina kukodzera muupenyu.
31. 2012, London: awa imwe isati yagumburwa
Mumakwikwi ekupedzisira masvingo akafanana nemakakatwa, mutambi wenyika yeSouth Korea Shin A Lam yaiva imwe pfungwa mberi kwemukadzi wechiGermany Britta Heidemann, apo kukundikana kwechikwata chemasikati kwakapa muJerman swordsman chikamu chechipiri, uye zvakange zvakakwana kuti aite zvishoma zvishoma jabs kumudzivisi wake. Kukunda kwakapiwa kuGermany. Lam yaiputika mumisodzi uye yaida kubvunzurudzwa kwemigumisiro. Kubva maererano nemitemo yekudzivirira, kana mutambi wacho achisiya nzira, anobvuma kukundwa, Amami kweawa, apo vatongi vakapa, vakaramba vari pamusika. Zvisinei, pakuguma, vatongi vakaverenga kukunda kwake.
32. 2012, London: Kunewo vazhinji veAmerica
Maererano nemigumisiro yenharaunda yakakodzera, muIymerican gymnast Jordin Weber aiva wechina mumasangano, asi haana kusvika pakupedzisira. Maererano nemitemo yeMitambo yeOlympic, nyika imwe haigoni kusarudza vatambi vanopfuura vaviri kuti vakwikwidzane mukukwirira kwakakwana. Sezvo nzvimbo yechipiri uye yechitatu yakatorwawo neVaAmerica, Weber haana kubvumirwa kusvika kumagumo, uye vatambi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vakakunda, kunyange zvazvo vakawana zvishoma.
33. 2016, Rio de Janeiro: kudengenyeka kunonyanya kudengenyeka
Inonyadzisa zvikuru yeiyo maOlymicic ndiyo yekubvisa chikamu chechitatu cheRussian team team kubva mubato reMitambo maererano neongororo yakaitwa ne World Anti-Doping Agency. Panguva yekutsvakurudza kwakawanikwa kuti panguva yeZvondo dzeOlympic muSouchi muna 2014 muRussia kwaive nehurongwa hwehupfumi hwehurumende pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwemashoko anokosha, zvichibva pakushandurwa kwezvidzidzo zvekutsvaga kwevatambi vechiRussia. Kudzoka munaJuly, zvakanga zvisinganzwisisiki kana boka reRussia raizobvumirwa kupinda mumitambo yeOlympic zvachose, asi ipapo IOC yakachinja nzvimbo yayo uye yakasarudzwa kuongorora kusarudzwa kwemutambi mumwe nomumwe. Somugumisiro, panzvimbo ye 387 vatambi muRio vakabvumirwa kutumira 279.
Mukuwedzera, munaSeptember 2015, mildonia - chirwere chemoto, kuwedzera kutsungirira uye kuvandudza kupora pashure pokudarika-kwakatangwa muurongwa hwekugadziriswa. Yakapiwa muUSSR makore makumi mana apfuura, chiremba chakanga chazivikanwa zvikuru pakati pevatambi vechiRussia. Mushure mokutanga kwaJanuary 1, 2016, apo kubvumidzwa kwacho kwakatanga kushanda, samples dzakanaka dzakawanikwa pakati pevanhu vakawanda vevatambi, vazhinji vavo vaibva kuRussia, iyo yakashanda sechimwe chikonzero chepamutemo chekuti kukanganisa ne meldon kune zvematongerwe enyika.