- Nheyo: Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
- Kupera kwekupedzisira: 1967.
- Kureba kwemasangano: 2850 m
- Fomu yemakomo: stratovolcano
- Nguva yezvidzidzo: makore zviuru makumi maviri apfuura
Vakawanda vanoziva nezveHondo yakakurumbira yeWalloo, asi vashomanana vakanzwa nezvekuputika kweTambor. Hapana nhoroondo yemabhuku ichakutaurira kuti mumwedzi miviri chete. pamberi pokukundwa kweNapoleon, muna 1815 muIndonesia , pachitsuwa cheSumbava chakasimuka chechiTcora, mhepo yakasimba mumakore mashomanana apfuura mashoma. Zvose zviitiko zvakange zvine simba guru munhoroondo yevanhu, asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero chaive hondo muBelgium masangano akazvipira kumabhuku evanhu vose, asi chekuchamhembe kweTambor kwemakore mazana maviri haana kutaura chero chinhu.
Tinokupa iwe kudzidza zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye zvisingawanzoitiki pamusoro pegomo reTambor, iro rinogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
Izvo zvinotangira zvekuparadzwa
Musi waApril 5, 1815 mudunhu rakaputika pegomo pakanga pane kuputika kuduku. Zviremera zvechitsuwa cheJava kwenguva yakareba hazvikwanise kunzwisisa kuti kunobva kupi kwakadaro kunokwidza. Zvaiita sevanhu kuti imwe ngarava yakanga ichidonha kana kuti vapanduki vakarwa neBritish kunze. Kuti aone zvakaitika, Gavhuna Stamford Raffle akatumira zvikepe zviviri kumhenderekedzo yeSumbawa, asi mauto haana kuwana chinhu chinopokana.
Kuputika kwegomo reTambor
Kutaura zvazviri, kuputika uku kwaiva kutanga kwekuputika kukuru kwebhururu mumakore evanhu. Zvakaitika sei zvose:
- Musi waApril 6, 1815, nharaunda mukati memharaunda mazana matanhatu kubva kuTambor yakafukidzwa nemadota. Kuputika kwakanyanya kuwedzera, uye mushure memazuva mashoma kuvira kwehuni kwakashandurwa kuva matombo ane tsvuku. Panenge manheru manomwe musi wa10 Kubvumbi, nhatu dzomoto dzakaputika pamusoro pegomo. Kubvira kure kwaive semakoto emoto, kubva kune madota nematombo akapararira munzvimbo dzose.
- Ipapo kwakauya chinhu chinotyisa uye chinoshamisa: kubva kumusoro kwegomo, mhepo inotyisa zvikuru yemoto yakabuda, mumasekondi, yakaparadza musha weSagar, 40 km kubva Tambor. Dutu remhepo rinoputika uye miti yakatsva nemidzi, zvose zvinomera, mhuka nevanhu. Kwapera awa imwe, pumice yakaita mamita 20 cm yakatanga kubuda mumuromo weTangu Volcano. Pashure peimwe nguva, mvura inoputika ichiyerera ichidzika pasi uye ichiparadza zvose mumugwagwa wayo.
- Pakazosvika makumi maviri nemasere pachiwi cheMalasia, mafungu mana emasera akarova gungwa reEast Java, akatamira nesimba mumakomo eMoluccas pakati peSulawesi neNew Guinea, uye akazosvika kugomo reTambora. Kusvika mamiriyoni 43, utsi nemadota zvakasimuka, zvichikonzera 650 km kumativi eusiku, izvo zvakagara mazuva matatu. Kuputika kwegomo racho kwakanzwika kusvika usiku hwaEpril 11. Iyo tsunami, yakakonzerwa nekudengenyeka kwenyika, yakashambidza inenge yose misha yezvikara zveMalasia ndokuuraya 4.6 zviuru zvevanhu.
- Mumwedzi mitatu. dutu reTambor muIndonesia rakaputika ndokupenya. Mushure mekunge kunyarara kwasvika, Gavhuna Stamford Raffle akasarudza kutumira makomo ezvokudya kune vagari venharaunda. Asi pamberi peboka revaponesi rakabuda mufananidzo wakaipisisa. Pane imwe nzvimbo yakakura yepamusoro inenge yakaenzana nehombekombe, iyo ndima yakavigwa mumadota uye matope nematombo emarara nemiti inotenderera mairi.
Migumisiro
Hapana chakapfuura pasina tsanangudzo, uye njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga dzinobva mumatenhe akadzika pasi redu. Gomo reTambor muIndonesia rakasiyawo maonero aro:
- Vaya vakapukunyuka vakatambura nenzara, nyota uye kora, sipu yemvura yakachena uye shomanana yemupunga vakange vakagadzirira kupa vekupedzisira. Zvitunha zvevanhu nemhuka zvakagara pasi pose kuSumbawa, vapenyu vaifamba-famba vachipoteredza chiuno mumatope vachitsvaka zvokudya. Mushure mekuputika, kubva pa11 kusvika ku12 zviuru zvevanhu vakafa, asi izvi zvaingova kutanga. Izvo zvisingaiti zvakaitika mumamiriro ekunze mushure mokunge kuputika kwakava kukurudzira kwe "nyukirezi yechando", somugumisiro wekuti vamwe vagari 50 veIndonesia vakaurayiwa nenzara uye zvirwere. Mu stratosphere sulfuri kwenguva yakareba nemadota, uye kupisa kwakanyanya pasi rose kwakagara kwemakore mazhinji.
- Mamwe mawo emakomo eTambora akachinjawo. Kukurumidza kupisa kunotanga muzhizha ra1815 kuchamhembe kweHemisphere yePasi, vagari veNorth America vakanga vachinetseka zvikuru nekupisa kukuru. Chando, chakawira munaJune, chakakonzera kuparadza kwenyika yose yekurima.
- Muzasi kumaodzanyemba kweEurope muna 1816-1819. shanduko yakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda varware, vanhu vairwara ne typhus, uye nekuda kwekushaiwa kwezvirimwa uye denda rezvipfuwo, ivo vakatambura nenzara.
- Kuputika kwegomo iri muna 1815 kwakaparadza zvachose musha weTambor. Pamwe chete nevanhu vane zviuru gumi vari pasi pemamita matatu emvura, madhimoni, mutauro weTambor uye nhoroondo yose yevanhu ava yakavigwa nokusingaperi. Muna 2004, zvivako zvakagadzirwa mumusha uyu, uye vanochera matongo vakawana dzimba dzevagari veTambor, zvishandiso, midziyo uye vazhinji veAboriginal varipo. Zvose izvi zvakavigwa pasi pemvura yakasviba kwemakore mazana maviri, uye nzvimbo yekuchera yainzi Eastern Pompeii.
Ndeipi iyo inofadza gomo reTambora kune vatashanyi?
Indonesi inonyatsozivikanirwa kwete nzvimbo dzakanaka, mabheji asingazivikanwi, asiwo nokuda kwezvikomo zvinotyisa, zvinotyisa uye zvinouraya zveTambora pasi pano. Nhasi, Gomo reTambora rinomiririrwa mukunyarara, asi vagari vomunzvimbo yaro vakagara vakagadzirira kubuda. Vanhu vomunharaunda vanoziva simba regomo iri zvakanaka, uye vanonzwa kusanganiswa kwekutya uye kuremekedza kwakanyanya pamusoro pegomo, nekuti iyi ndiyo nheyo yaSumbawa, iyo vagari vemunharaunda vese vanozokuudza.
Vatashanyi vanokohwawo kunzvimbo ino: vazhinji vanorota kukwira kumusoro uye kuona gorosi rakakura rine mamita 7 000 mamita Kubva paGomo reTambor kuona kwakanakisa kweSumbawa kunotanga. Pane imwe yematokiti nzvimbo yekusimudzira nzvimbo yakagadzirwa, iyo inotsvakurudzwa inowanikwa pamabasa egomo reTambor.
Kukunda kwemasangano eTambor
Madzimai anowanzoshanyira Tambor. Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirwa, dzinoita kuti zvikwanise kukunda mhirizhonga. Kusvika iye zvino, kukwirira kweGomo reTambor kuri 2751 m. Kukwidza gomo:
- Kubva kumusha weDoro Mboha, unogona kutanga kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. Nzira iyi iri nyore uye inotungamirira kune imwe nzvimbo yegomo;
- kubva kumusha wePanchasila iyo nzira yakaoma uye inotungamirira kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba kumadokero. Inonzi Doro Peti uye inotora anenge mazuva maviri, uye vashanyi vanofanira kutarisana nemasango akaoma. Asi rwendo rwacho rwakakosha, pamberi pako iwe uchaona kubva kumusoro kwegungwa guru rebhuruu riri kukura paEdelweiss pamitambo, uye mufananidzo unoshamisa wemakomo eTabor mhepo ichava mubayiro mukuru wekushinga.
Nzira yekuenda seiko?
Musoro wechitsuwa cheSumbawa unogona kusvika kumhepo. Ndege dze "Trigana" uye "Merpati" dzinobva kuDenpasar dzinofamba nendege kuenda kune chitsuwa kanomwe pavhiki. Iko kunewo mapiri anobatanidza Lombok naPoto Tano uye achishanda zvakapoteredza nguva. Zvadaro, kukodha motokari zvakananga ku-airport uye udye mumusha weDoro Mboha, kana muPanchasilu.