Havasi vese vanoda zvekurima vanoziva kuti sapropel chii. Panguva iyi, inowanzoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvirimwa, kushamba kwemhuka uye kunyange mumishonga. Ngationei kuti chii icho chinonakidza se sapropel, uko yakabudiswa uye chii chinoshandiswa pakushanda kwayo mune zvekurima.
Sapropel uye zvayo
Sapropel ibasa rinowedzera pasi pemvura yakachena yemvura kwemakore mazhinji. Muvanhu sapropel inongodanwa dope - shoko iri rinozivikanwa kune vose. Inoumbwa nezviduku zviduku zvikamu zvezvirimwa nemhuka zvenyika pamwe nekuwedzerwa kwemaminerari akasiyana-siyana. Izvozvo zvinosanganisira nitrogen, phosphorus uye potassium, iron uye manganese, mhangura uye boron, uye nezvimwe zvakawanda. Pasi pemari inowedzerawo muine mavitamini , uye inewo ma carotenoids akawanda uye enzymes. Mune rimwe shoko, sludge yakajairika inongova chinhu chakakosha chezvinhu zvinobatsira zvakakosha ivhu uye tsika dzinokura. Iyo inogona kushandiswa kunyange muhupenyu hwayo chaiyo semushonga unonyoresa webindu.
Nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwema fertilizer, sapropel inotungidzirwa pamagetsi ehurumende, mushure mokunge yakaoma uye inobatwa zvakakodzera. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nenyama yakaoma nenzira yehupfu, iyo iwe unogona kusasa pasi penyika kana kuwedzera kune yakachera ivhu.
Sapropel yakabudiswa muzvivako zvakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana zvakanyanya mukuumbwa, iyo inotarisana zvakananga nekuumbwa kwenyika yemo. Kune carbonate, organic, ferrous uye silicous types of sapropel. Inogona kugadziriswa nemakemikari ekuongorora. Iyo inobata zvakananga nzira iyo sapropel yemarudzi aya inoshandiswa pakukura kwekurima. Ngatitarisei nzira yekushandisa sapropel semugozi.
Kushandisa sapropel semushonga
Kusiyana peat, fertilizer inobva sapropel ine zvimwe zvakawanda zvinowedzera nitrogenous, marubhaidhirati uye amino acids. Izvi zvinogadzira sapropel nzira dzinobatsira, asi kwete nguva dzose. Kana peat inoshandiswa kunyanya kugadzirisa ivhu ne humus, fertilizer kubva kune silt ine zvinotevera:
- ivhu rekuchenesa;
- its add aeration;
- Kuvandudzwa kwemuitiro we midzi;
- kuwedzera muzvibereko;
- Kuvandudza ivhu remvura seyakadai sekugadzirisa nekuchengetedzwa kwemhepo;
- kuwedzera muhutu hwehupenyu munyika;
- kunatswa kubva kumapachigoni uye fungi.
Imwe nzira isingarambiki ye sapropel semushonga ndeyekuvhengana kwayo. Kusiyana nemakemikari mineral fertilizer, zvakachengeteka kuvanhu nemhuka. Uye kana ichienzaniswa nemuriwo, umo mune zvinokanganisa michina uye mbeu yemasora, zvinyorwa zve silt mune izvi zvinoratidzika kuti zviri nani.
Nezvekushandisa kushandiswa kwesafropel, inoshandiswa kune zvose zvakananga ivhu rekugadzira uye kugadzira manyowa . Muchiitiko chekutanga, sapropel inounzwa mumwero we 35-40 matani pa 1 ha yevhu (nokuda kwezviyo) kana kuti 65-70 matani (yemiriwo uye miriwo yakasiyana-siyana midzi).
Inofanira kuonekwa kuti kushandiswa kwesafropel kunowanzova nani pane sandy loamy uye mhepo yejecha yemapapu uye mhando dzakaoma. Muchiitiko ichi, chiitiko chakanakisisa chinowanikwa nechemberi yekutanga yevhu.