Mubvunzo weii hormones, inogona kuuya pamberi pevanhu mushure mokunge kusipo kana kusakosha kwezvinhu zvinoshanda zvinotungamirira kumigumisiro yakakomba yehutano. Pamberi pazvo, vanhu vashomanana vanofunga nezvemakemikari aya, aripo mumuviri mune zvishoma, asi achitamba basa rakaoma zvikuru.
Ndeapi mahomoni uye aripi akaumbwa?
Kuti unzwisise kuti mahomoni ari ani muvanhu, unoda kuziva tsanangudzo yavo uye maitiro. Izvi ndezvikwata zvinoshandiswa zvehupenyu izvo zvinobudiswa muzvikamu zviduku zvikuru, asi izvi zvinokwana kudiwa. Zvinhu zvacho hazviperi kwenguva yakareba, zvinotungamirirwa nehurongwa hwemagetsi uye mamwe maitiro akashanda, ayo, kana zvichidiwa, anokurudzira kana kuderedza kushandiswa kwawo.
Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yehomoni inokonzerwa munhengo dzinokosha - glands remukati kana rakavhenganiswa secretion. Pamwe chete nezvose izvi ndeyekubatanidza. Mukuwedzera, mahomoni anobudiswa nechiropa, itsvo, placenta, GIT, mafuta masero. Hormonal glands:
- thyroid gland, parathyroid gland , adrenal glands, pituitary gland, epiphysis, hypothalamus, thymus (thymus gland) - mukati secretion;
- pancreas , gonads (testes, ovaries) - yakavhenganiswa secretion.
Ndeapi mahomoni - maitiro emakemikari:
- zvinyorwa zveamino acids (adrenaline, norepinephrine);
- zvinyorwa zve polyunsaturated fatty acids (prostaglandin);
- peptidi ( insulini , kukura hormone);
- steroid (cortisol).
Ndeapi mahomoni, anoshanda sei?
Kuchengetedzwa kwakagadzirirwa kutonga matanho emuviri - inogona kuenzaniswa nekiyi dzinofamba nenzira yekushambadzira uye "kuzarura mikova" - ita mabasa. Basa ripi rinoshandiswa mune izvi kana kuti nenzira iyo kunobva "kuisa" uye chiyero chezvinhu. Kwete pasina chikonzero nezwi rechiGiriki rokuti "hormone" rinoshandurwa se "kukurudzira" kana "kufarira".
Chii chinonzi hormonal effect:
- kupa ruyamuro mumuviri;
- kusimbisa kana kuvhiringidza chero basa remuviri - somuenzaniso, kudzivirira, kukura kwemisimba nemapfupa;
- kudzora uye kugadzirisa kwehutano - somuenzaniso, metabolism, kukwegura, nguva yekuzvitakura uye kubereka;
- kukanganisa pamanzwiro emanzwiro;
- Kugadzirirwa kwemuviri kwemamiriro asina kujairika - kuberekwa, pamuviri;
- mutemo wechishuwo chepabonde, chido;
- kushungurudzika kana kuderedzwa kwemafa kufa.
Kubudirira kwehomoni kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwekunze nekunze zvinhu:
- mupfungwa;
- utano hwepanyama;
- mahomori anobudisa mahomori;
- zvipembenene zvepakati yenheyo system;
- kuneta kana kushaya kuyerwa;
- mamiriro ezvinhu epakati;
- climatic conditions;
- kushungurudzika;
- age;
- miitiro yakaipa - kusvuta, kunwa doro, zvinodhaka;
- vakadzi - mwedzi mumwe nomumwe, kutora mimba, kuenda kumwedzi, postpartum period.
Mahomoni eadrenal glands
Izvo zvinonzi adrenal glands ndezvimwe zvipembenene zviri kumusoro kwetsvo. Uropi huno, huri mukati mezvinyorwa zvezere, hunobereka mahomoni anokonzera - adrenaline uye norepinephrine. Basa ravo nderekuwedzera huwandu hwekushaya mwoyo, kuwedzerwa ropa, kuwedzera metabolism. Iyo adrenal cortex inobatanidza mapoka akawanda ezvinhu zvinotarisirwa munzvimbo dzakawanda:
- mineralocorticoids - ndiyo chete chakavanzika cheboka iri chinopinda muhutachiona - aldosterone - inodzora mvura yemuriyeri;
- glucocorticoids - kugadzirisa zvirongwa zvemagetsi, kuwedzera kwavo kunotungamirira kukurema, kukura kwechirwere cheshuga, chironda chemudumbu;
- androgens uye estrogens - vane mhosva yekupera, kugadzirira kwekuzvimba nekuberekwa kwevakadzi, kuumbwa kwepermatozoa mumarume.
Pituitary Hormones
Iyo plandishi gland ishungu duku, chiyeuchidzo chebhinzi. Chii chinonzi hormone yepituitary ndiyo inoshandiswa nezvinhu zvinokonzerwa ne-posterior kana anterior lobe yeglandu, iyo inotarisira zvizhinji zvezvinhu zvinokosha zvemuviri kuburikidza nekugadzirisa basa rezvimwe zvipembenene zvependocrine. Izvozvo zvinoshandiswa pakurega kwepituitary gland secrete oxytocin, iyo inokonzera kukanganiswa kwechibereko munguva yebasa, kubudisa mukaka, uye vasopressin, kutonga diuresis.
Iyo pituitary hormone (anterior lobe) ye somatotropin inokanganisa kukura kwemapfupa, masimba uye nhengo. Kurwiswa kwemahymone - kuve nekodzero yeganda reganda, metabolism, lactation. Mukuwedzera, iyo anterior pituitary gland secrete zvinhu inotarisira:
- kushungurudza kweiyo adrenal, thyroid uye zvepabonde zvepabonde;
- mvura yakaringana;
- kuiswa kweadipose tissue uye nzvimbo yayo.
Mahomoni e hypothalamus
Hypothalamus ndiyo inonzi gland yenhengo ye endocrine iri pasi peuropi. Mahomoni e hypothalamus ane zvakakonzera zvakakwana pituitary: mitemo inoderedza basa rayo, liberins - kusimbisa. Somugumisiro, zvakavanzika izvi zvinokanganisawo chirwere chetrojeni, mazamu adrenal, maitiro ezvirwere zvepabonde. Mukuwedzera, iyo hypothalamus inobereka hormone oxytocin uye vasopressin. Chiito cheimwe mahomoni e hypothalamus haisi pachena.
Mahomoni epancreas
Ivhapreas inhengo yevhisi yakavhenganiswa, iri munzvimbo ye retroperitoneal. Mukuwedzera pakuchengetedza, pancreas inovhara enzyme yekudya, iyo inofanirwa kuparara kwezvokudya mudumbu. Mahomoni makuru epancreas:
- insulini - inotarisana nehuwandu hweglucose, kudzora nzira dzekuparadzanisa uye kuparadzirwa kwayo pakati pemishu uye nhengo, kusasha kwehomoni kunogona kukonzera chirwere cheshuga;
- c-peptide - inotora chikamu mumakinhydrate metabolism, kana iyi hormone isingagoni, chirwere cheshuga chinogonawo kukura;
- glucagon - inobata lipids, inokurudzira kuwedzera glucose muropa, inowanzoita cholesterol, inosimudzira chiropa kuzvirapa, inowedzera hepatic blood flow;
- somatostatin - inhibits kubudiswa kwemamwe mahomoni, somuenzaniso, insulin, somatotropin, inhibits maumbirwo emakemikari ekudya.
Thyroid gland hormone
Thyroid (zita remarudzi ose-thyroid) iron - nhengo iyo inobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvinowanikwa munhengo dzose dzevanhu. Inonzi "violin yakakura" munhandare yezviratidzo zvekusiyana kwakasiyana mumuviri. Kana ukabvunzwa kuti mahomoni ehutori chii, iwe unogona kupindura neshoko rimwe - uhu hupenyu, pasina ivo kushanda kwemuviri hakugoneki.
Utachiona hwehutano hwakadzidzwa navanachiremba avo vakararama mazana emakore apfuura, uye ikozvino vakabva vacherechedza kuvimba kwehukuru hwayo pahuwandu hwehuyodini yakashandiswa. Mukuwedzera, ukuru uye hutano hwemuviri zvinowanzoenderana nezera, zvepabonde, mamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo yekugara, zvokudya zvekudya, kuvepo kana kusavapo kwemaitiro akaipa, ruzivo rwemagetsi, nekudya kwemimwe mishonga.
Mahomoni makuru ehutano hwetachiona ndiwo triiodothyronine (ine 3 iodine molecules) uye tetraiodothyronine kana thyroxine (ine 4 iodine molecules), yakafukidzirwa saT3 neT4. Mumumuviri, T4 inoshandurwa kuT3, iyo ndiyo inonyanya kuve nekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvemagetsi. Neine iodine yakadyiwa kudya, hutachiona hwehutachiona hunoguma. Mukuwedzera, iodine inodiwa zvakare pakuumbwa kweimwe zvinhu zvinokosha - dopamine, adrenaline. Kubudiswa kwehomoni yehutori kunotungamirirwa ne hypothalamus uye gland pituitary, pamwe neuropi.
Izvozvo zvinokonzera mahomoni e-thyroid gland:
- kuwedzera kupisa kwemuviri;
- kushandiswa kwehuwandu hweprotini masero ekuvakwa kwemasero matsva;
- kudzora kwekukura mumuviri, kuberekwa uye kukura kwehutano hwehutano nehuropi;
- kunatsiridza kwemagetsi emagetsi, kuwedzerwa kweglucose yepamusoro nekuda kwekuumbwa kwayo kubva kumamino acid nemafuta;
- kushandiswa kwemafuta kunopisa kubva pamvura;
- kuumbwa kweropa-particles-erythrocytes.
Parathyroid hormones
Gland rinokonzerwa nehutachiona iri shure kwetachiona, uye inoumbwa nemitambo yakawanda yezviviri zvisingaenzaniswi - kubva pa2 kusvika ku6. Mahomoni anonzi Parathyroid anokonzera metabolism (parathyroid hormone) uye kuiswa muropa re calcium (parathyroid hormone). Iyo ganda rinokanganisa rine mapiro, uye inopera muzinga re calcium rinokurudzira kusunungurwa kwehomoni inoratidzika, uye ino - inowedzera kushandiswa kwechikamu muropa uye kunonoka kushandiswa kwayo kubviswa nemuyo.
Mahomoni e gonads
Mahomoni evanhukadzi nevakadzikadzi anoona nzvimbo dzose dzinobatanidza nekuberekwa kwevana: kuve mucheche, kubudiswa kwepermatozoa uye mazai, pamuviri, chikafu nekudaro. Estrogens uye androgens zvinogadzirwa nemafungiro mamwechete emagetsi, asi anosiyana zvakanyanya mumashandiro. Ndeapi mahomoni muvakadzi uye basa ravo mukuumbwa kwemuviri wevakadzi:
- Pasi pemubatiro wehomiti yehutu panguva yekuyaruka, vasikana vanotanga kukura estrogen uye progesterone.
- Mahomoni emadzimai anokonzera kukura kwehutano hwepabonde hwepamusoro uye kutanga kwekuenda kumwedzi, kugadzirira muviri wemukadzi kuti ave nepamuviri uye kubereka.
Ndeapi mahomoni evanhu uye basa ravo munhengo yemurume:
- Pasi pemubatiro wepituitary gland munguva yekuyaruka, vakomana vanotanga kukura mahomoni evanhu, iyo inonyanya kuve testosterone.
- Mahomoni evanhu anokonzera kukura kwehutano hwepabonde hwevarume - kukura kwemuviri maererano nemhando yevarume, kunyaradza kwezwi, kukura kwezvizvarwa zvemuviri, kukura kwebvudzi pachiso uye muviri, kugadzirwa kwepermatozoa.
Nzira yekuziva sei mazinga ehomoni?
Kuti uone huwandu hwekuvhara, iwe unofanirwa kuonana ne-endocrinologist uyo anogona kuona kushayikwa kwayo kana kuwandisa uye kupa chirwere chakakwana. Nzira yakanakisisa uye yakakwana yekuwana kuti hutori hwehutano hwako ndeyekutora ropa kuongororwa kwehomoni. Kuti mugumisiro uve wakarurama, zvakakosha kuti uite mirayiridzo yechiremba usati waedzwa - mamwe masvingo emashizha anotorwa mangwanani mangwanani asina chinhu mudumbu, vamwe - mukati maawa makumi maviri nemaviri.
Chii chakakundikana nehomoni?
Chiitiko chekutaura kune endocrinologist kunogona kunge kusakanganiswa kwehomoni kunopesana mubasa rezvose endocrine system. Migumisiro yakaipa ine zvose zvinoshaya uye kuwanda kwemasmoni. Chikonzero chei ichi chikonzero chezvikonzero, sezvo kushanda kwakarurama kwegadziriro ye endocrine inokonzerwa nekubatana kwakaoma kwazvo kwepakati yenheyo system uye magland endocrine.
Zviratidzo zvekukundikana kwehomoni zvinogona kuva:
- setambo yakakosha kana kurasikirwa;
- kuchinja mukudya uye miitiro yekudya;
- kusabereka, kukanganisa kwevakadzi;
- kushaya simba, kusagadzikana kusingaperi;
- kushushikana mupfungwa;
- kuvhara mumusoro;
- kushungurudzika, kushaya musoro, kupindira kunokwidza;
- kusagadzikana mafungiro anochinja, utsinye, kuchema;
- atypical hair growth;
- kushungurudzwa mubasa rekudya kwekudya;
- kuora kweganda uye vhudzi - kuonekwa kwechigamba, dandruff.