Muitiro ndeimwe yemashoko akawanda anowanikwa kushandiswa mune zvakasiyana-siyana masayenzi. Sensory modality zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvakashandiswa pakufunga kwepfungwa uye ndezvokutaura zvinoratidza nzira dzekubatana neicho chiri muchengeti mu neurolinguistic programming (NLP).
Chii chinonzi maitiro?
Muitiro ndewe (chiLatin modus - kutarira, nzira, chiyero) - mamiriro ekuita kana ukama, kuratidzwa kune chiito. Mufambiro - izwi rinoshandiswa mumitauro yeCharles Bally uye rinotaura nezvekuzviongorora (maitiro) maererano nekutaura (mashoko, mashoko, kutaura). Gare gare, pfungwa yehutsika yakatanga kushandiswa mune zvepfungwa kuti iitsanangure zvikamu zvehutano hwevanhu uye mafiroso sekuratidzira nzira dzekuva, zviitiko. Muitiro unoshandiswawo munzvimbo dzakadai sokuti:
- Makombiyuta matsva - multi-windows window program, apo pane mahwindo ari pakati, inonyanya kushandiswa.
- Mimhanzi - inoshandisa modal scale, kubva kune imwe nzvimbo dzakasununguka dzinovakwa.
- Sociology. Muhutano hwemagariro evanhu - munhu ane tsika kana kuti unhu hwemhando, iyi inonyanya kukosha munharaunda yakapiwa.
Maitiro mufilosofi
Rudzi rwekuve kune hutano maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu. Ndezvipi zvinoreva mafirosofi? Nyaya iyi yakatorwa nemuprofesa weRussia wefilosofi MN. Epstein. Mubasa rake "Uzivi hwezvinogona. Mamiriro ekufunga uye tsika "musayendisiti akaronga kugovana maitiro mumhando 3, zvichienderana nemashoko ekufananidzira anoshandiswa mumutauro:
- Optical (kuva) - "anogona" uye "be." Izvi zviyero zvakasiyana zvemasimba maererano nekuve (zvimwe zvichida zvichiitika, kana zvisingagoni uye hazvingazoitiki).
- Yakachena (inogona) - maitiro ezvakanaka: "anogona" - "haagoni" (haagoni kudya, haagoni kunwa, haagoni kutamba chiridzwa)
- Chirwere (kugadzirisa) - chinoumbwa nemashoko ekuti "anogona" uye "kuziva." Kuenzanisa kwevatongi vekare vechiGiriki: Socrates "Ndinoziva kuti handizivi chinhu" uye Plato "Ndinoziva zvandisingazivi (haana kuziva)" zvinoratidza chinangwa chekufunga kwemaitiro mufilosofi.
Maitiro muPsychology
Mumiririri wevanhu hunomiririrwa nemafungiro ekucherechedza kana zvinogamuchirwa. Maitiro muhutano hwepfungwa ndeyehutano hwakanaka hwekunzwa nekugadzirisa mukati memashoko akapiwa kuburikidza nokushandiswa kwezvimwe nhengo dzekunzwisisa. Mu neurolinguistic programming (NLP) - tsanangudzo yemutungamiri wehutungamiri hwemunhu chikamu chinokosha chekubudirira kwekupa ruzivo kumushandi.
Mamiriro ekuona
Iko kune nzira dzinotevera dzekutarisa mune zvepfungwa:
- rational modality (mind operation);
- kinesthetic (kubata, kufamba mumhepo, tactile kunzwa );
- nyanzvi (audition);
- inoonekwa (inoonekwa).
Muitiro wekunzwa
Zvose zvipenyu muzvisikwa zvinonzwisisika. Idzo mafungiro emanzwiro mune zvepfungwa ndeyekuwana ruzivo kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuburikidza nevanongorori vese:
- kuona (ruvara uye kupenya);
- kunzwa (kutinhira kwemafungu emhepo);
- kubata (kupikisa, kupisa-kutonhora, kutonhora, kurwadziwa);
- kunhuwa (kunhuwa);
- tora (kunaka kwezvokudya).
Munhu mumwe nomumwe akasiyana, asi pane zvikamu zvinowanzobvumidza kupa munhu kune rimwe boka kana kuti tsanangudzo. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa, dzakaita zvidzidzo zvakati wandei, dzakawana kuti munhu wese ane nhungamiro inotungamirira, iyo yakaita kuti zvikwanise kuisa:
- Vateereri - ruzivo rwakasviba zviri nani kuongororwa nevanongorori vanoongorora. Munhu akadaro anowanzoshandisa mazwi okuti "Ndakanzwa kuti ...", "zvinonzwika kuedza / kunakidza", "inoderedza nzeve", "Handitombodi kuteerera!".
- Anoona -anofunga mumifananidzo. Izvo zvinoratidzwa zvinoshandisa mashoko akafanana nezviito zvekuona, ruvara urongwa: "rakanaka / juicy / mavara / dim", "rinoratidzika kwandiri," "akacherechedza / akaisa pfungwa."
- Kinesthetic - muviri wekunzwa uye kugunzva zvakakosha kune rudzi rwechikafu. Zviratidzo uye chiso chevanhu vakadaro vane pfuma. Mumashoko aya unogona kunzwa mazwi: "zvakanaka", "kushambidzira", "zvinotyisa" "zvinoramba zvichisemesa kwandiri".
Muitiro wekufunga
Nheyo yemafungiro ekufunga ndeyekwaniso yekufunga mune zvikamu zvakasiyana. Kune munhu, mutemo wekunzwisisa nekufunga kwakakosha zvakaenzana uye nguva dzose inobatanidzwa. Kuenzanisa kwemaitiro aJa. Startsev's thinking by types:
- Rational modality - inosanganisira chikamu che "chechokwadi-chenhema". Izwi rechokwadi rinoshandiswa sefaira mukusarudza, kugadzirisa nekushandurwa kwemashoko.
- Aesthetic modality - artistic images. Kuumbwa kwezvifananidzo kunowanikwa muchokwadi chepfungwa, zvino kunoratidzwa munyika yepanyama kuburikidza nemabasa emifananidzo, mabhuku.
- Instrumental modality - kushandiswa kwechimwe chinhu munyika uye mupfungwa. Unyanzvi hunobatanidza nebasa, kubatanidza ruzivo rwakakosha nekuparadzanisa kwekusakosha.
- Magical modality - kufunga kusinganzwisisiki, inowanikwa pazviratidzo, zviratidzo, zvishamiso. Zvakaitika munyaya iyi zvinotsigira kukodzera kwomunhu kwekutonga kwake, nekuda kwekuonekwa.
- Maitiro ekutsika - maitiro, zvinangwa uye mafungiro evanhu. Kukurukurirana-nyaya. Chero chiito kana chinangwa chinotaridzirwa kubva panzvimbo yezvirevo zvinogamuchirwa nesangano. Maitiro ekufunga "anofunga" muzvikwata: "zvakanaka-zvakaipa," "zvakanaka-zvakaipa."
Muitiro wekunzwa
Manzwiro anowanzogoverwa kuva akanaka, asina kunaka uye ambivalent (ambivalent). Manzwiro emufaro manzwiro anowanikwa nenyaya. K. Izard (nyanzvi yezvepfungwa dzeAmerica) akashandura pfungwa yekusiyana kusiyanisa manzwiro kana maitiro:
- mufaro - maonero akanaka kune nyika iwe pachako;
- kufarira - kukwanisa kunzwisisa uye kufambisa mashoko;
- kushamisika - kushanduka kamwe kamwe;
- kushungurudzika - ruzivo rwakabatanidzwa nekurasikirwa kwechinhu chokugutsikana kwezvinodiwa;
- kunyangadza - manzwiro ekuramba;
- kutsamwa - kuda kurwisa mukupindura kusasuruvara;
- kunyadziswa - manzwiro ekukwirira, kuderedza kweumwe munhu;
- kunyadziswa - ruzivo rwehutsika;
- kutya - manzwiro anosangana nekutyisidzira mamiriro ezvinhu, chido chokupukunyuka;
- mhosva - kuzviratidza uye kupiwa mhosva nemhaka yekusazvibata.
Modal memory
Mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wemunhu hazvirevi kuti haashandisi dzimwe nzira dzekunzwa. Zvose zvirongwa zvinosanganiswa nenzira dzakasiyana. Nenzira yemitemo yakananga yekuona, kune marudzi ehuyeuchidzo:
- Kutaridzika - kuyeuka mifananidzo inowanikwa inoonekwa.
- Auditory - nepamusoro pemisvo inouya, mhere, mimhanzi.
- Ramba - munhu anoyeuka zvinodiwa zvakasiyana.
- Tactile - chiyeuchidzo chezvifananidzo, kuchengetedza nekuberekwa kwezviito / kufamba;
- Motokari - kuumbwa nekuyeuchidza kwemagetsi emagetsi.
- Zvinyorwa - chiyeuchidzo chekunhuwa.
- Emotional - yeuka manzwiro nemanzwiro akawana.
Kuzviisa pasi kwakasiyana sei nemitemo?
Pfungwa yehutungamiri hwepfungwa mune zvepfungwa ndeyekufananidzira kune zvisikwa zvakawanda mukati memunhu. Kuzvimiririra kunosungirwa kune mabasa evanhu: hukama hwevanhu, hunyanzvi, mhuri, uye hunosanganisira, pakuziva kwavo, nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Pakufananidza hukama hwevanhu nehuwandu hwemashoko, zvakakosha kushandisa izwi iri pasi. Maitiro uye kushamwaridzana ndezvekuwirirana. Kusiyana nemafungiro, zvinyorwa zvisizvo zvinokanganisa uye zvakasiyana mukati meimwe rudzi rwemamiriro ehupenyu: chighter-darker, chigunun'una-chinonzwika, chimiro-kufamba.