Chibereko che feijoa chakazivikanwa zvikuru munguva pfupi yapfuura. Akawanikwa mumasango eSouth America nemuzvigadzirwa zveBermany Friedrich Sello pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Kwenguva yokutanga muEurope, chimiro chakaunzwa muna 1890, kutanga muminda yebhanji yeYalta uye Sukhumi, gare gare - muCalifornia neItaly. Kubva kuItaly feijoa yakapararira muMediterranean yose uye zvakare kuSouth-Asia. Mazuva ano chimiro ichi chirimwa muCrimea, Latin America, Australia, Turkmenistan, Southeast Asia, Italy, New Zealand.
Feijoa - tsanangudzo
Miti yacho ndeyomhuri ye Myrtov. Izvo hazvina mhando dzakawanda mariri, uye pakati pavochete chete inokura ndeye feijoa chete. Vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti feijoa inoratidzika sei, vachiziva chete nezvibereko zvayo. Miti yacho pachayo inogara iine miti yakasvibira-se shrub. Inogona kukura kusvika mamita 4 muhupamhi. Nzira yakawanda yemidzi inowanikwa munzvimbo yakakwirira yevhu. Feijoa issimu inoda unyoro. Mashizha awo akaoma, kuparisa, akabatanidzwa kumatavi ane pitioles mafupi. Mashizha acho ari matema kumusoro uye sirivha pasi. Iyo trisi yakafukidzwa nemuchena-ruvara rough bark.
Zvakananga chibereko che feijoa chinonhuwira, chine nyoro, chine nyama, chine jeri yakawanda inonaka sezvinodiwa kiwi, chinanaini uye sitirobi panguva imwechete. Iko kusanganiswa kwekuda kunogona kukunda kubva pakutanga kwekutanga. Chimiro che fetus chinogona kubva kubva pamhepo kusvika pamhepo. Ukuru hwayo iduku - 2-5 masentimita, uremu - kusvika ku 60 g. Nyama yemichero kune mbeu, uye kunze kwayo inodzivirirwa neganda rakasvibirira kubva kune ruvara-ruvara kusvika kune rima-green hue.
Ko feijoa inokura sei?
Feijoa inokura kwose kwaunenge uchidziya. Nyika yekwavo inzvimbo dzakasvibirira, munharaunda ino inonzwa zvakanaka chaizvo. Kana iri nzvimbo dzinotyisa, muti unotsungirira nzvimbo iyi zvisina kunaka. Vakawanda, vakashamiswa nezvikomborero zvehukoro uye maonero ekushongedza kwegwenzi, vari kuedza kukura feijoa mumba. Ndinofanira kutaura, nehumwe ruzivo pamusoro pokuchengetedza uye neyakakodzera mamiriro okunze (kana kuti zvisikwa zvake zvekugadzira), muzviitiko zvakawanda zvinokunda zvakanyanya.
Flowering feijoa
Inosvibisa feijoa shrub munaMay-June nemaruva ane mavara ane mavara mana, ari oga uye inflorescences. Inflorescence bisexual, mukati mavo mune cheti ye stamens (50-80 zvikamu). Kukwegura kunokonzerwa nezvipembenene. Muti we feijoa munguva yemaruva inoita sekanakidza chaizvo. Misi inoyerera inopedza vhiki nhatu, mushure mokunge mapepa uye mazai akawanda anowira. Pamusoro pehuwandu hwemaruva, ruzivo runobatsira runova 17-18% chete.
Ndeapi apo feijoa yakakora?
Anofadza uye akapfuma mune iodine uye vitamini C, feijoa michero yemichero kubva pakati paOctober kusvika kumwedzi waNovember. Zvibereko zvinopenya zvinobva pamatavi, uye zvinounganidzwa kubva pasi. Kutengesa, kukohwa kwejikiji kunoitwa zvishoma zvishoma. Nepo bheri risina kuibva, inokohwa kubva kumatavi. Saka zviri nani kubvumira kutakura. Kugadziriswa kwekutanga feijoa michero mumamiriro ezvinhu muimba inoitika makore matanhatu mushure mekudyara mbeu. Kana iwe wakasima michero kana midzi, mudziyo wekutanga unofadza iwe mushure memakore matatu.
Aina feijoa
Usati watanga kukura feijoa semiti yeimba, ngationei pamusoro pemhando dzayo huru:
- André. Zvimwe zvakasiyana feijoa, zvichibva kuBrazil. Zvibereko zvaro zvakakura, zvishoma kana kuti zvakakomberedza, nzvimbo yavo yakaoma, ruvara rutsvuku muvara. Nyama yakaoma, mbeu yacho duku. Iyo tambo yakafuma kwazvo uye yakazara. Miti yacho inobereka, inobereka zvibereko zvizhinji.
- "Besson." Nyika yezvakasiyana-siyana zvezvipembenene iri Uruguay. Zvibereko zviduku kana zvidimbu, mashizha akafanana, ane burgundy blush. Ganda rezvibereko rakatetepa, nyama haisi yakakura kwazvo, yakanaka-inogadzirwa, yakasviba, inonhuhwirira, ine mbeu yakawanda.
- Coolidge. Yakanyanya kunyanya muCalifornia. Zvibereko zvinenge zvakakomberedzwa kana pear, zvakasvibirira size. Ganda rinenge rakasvibiswa. Iyo inonhuwira yemichero inogadziriswa. Miti yacho inobereka, yakasimba uye yakasimudza.
- "Superba". Zvibereko zvei feijoa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakomberedza kana zvishoma zvishoma mumasvikiro, zvakasvibirira, zvinonaka. Haasi pasi pe33% inobereka. Gwenzi riri kukura, rine masimba ane simba.
- Choiceana. Zvibereko zvakakomberedza kana zvinyoro zvishoma, zvinotapira, zvakasvibirira muhukuru, zvinonakidza kuvira. Gwenzi racho rine simba rakasvibirira, muti wacho une 42%.
Ungamutsa sei feijoa kumba?
Sezvo chibereko che feijoa chinobva kuBrazil, zvinodikamwa kuchengeta mamiriro maviri ezvinyorwa zvekurima kwayo - kupisa uye kunaya. Miti yacho haina kubatanidzwa chete kwezvibereko, asi zvakare semiti yemiti - maruva ayo akanaka kwazvo, maruva ayo akaoma, ane zvakawanda zvitsvuku zvitsvuku pamusana pechando-machena machena uye burgundy stipules. Kana iwe uchikwanisa kupa mamiriro ekudzivirira pasi kwe feijoa, kukura iyo kuchava kwauri chaiyo yekuita zvinhu.
Feijoa chomera - ivhu
Iyo yakasvibira ivhu remiti iyi inosanganiswa peat , jecha, humus, turf uye nyika inogadziriswa yakaenzana. Muzvizhinji, simiti haisi kunyanya kudikanwa kune ivhu, saka inowanzova floral substrate ichaita. Makore 2-3 ekutanga anokosha mushure mekudyara. Nzira yekukurisa feijoa munguva ino: unofanidza kuifukidza gore roga roga kupinda muvhu idzva substrate. Miti yevanhu vakuru vanofanira kuchengetedzwa nemudziro panguva yekushandura, uye ivhu rakachena rinofanira kuzadza nzvimbo kusvika pamadziro ehari.
Nzira yekudyara feijoa?
Kufanana nemiti yakawanda, feijoa inogona kudyarwa mbeu. Nzira yekukura sei feijoa kubva kumbeu:
- Mbeu dzinofanirwa kuva itsva, pasinei nenyaya yegore rapera. Zvakanakisisa kuzviunganidza iwe pachako, kwete kuvimba nechitoro. Vanoda kutorwa kubva kune michero isina kufanirwa.
- Mbeu dzinoshambwa uye dzakaomeswa kwemazuva matanhatu.
- Mbeu dzakateyiwa pavhu pamusoro penyika dzinosaswa nehupamhi hwepasi re 5 mm.
- Kunwisa kunofanira kunge kwakanyatsonaka kuti usashamba mbeu. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kuvhara chigadziko nemhando.
- Mafuro okutanga achaonekwa mumwedzi mushure mekusima kwechando uye masvondo maviri gare gare kana akasimwa muzhizha.
Feijoa muhari - kunwa
Kunwisa uye kunyorovedza kwakakwana kwevhu nevhu zvikamu zvinokosha zvekutarisira feijoa kumba. Chimiro chacho chinonyangadza, pane kupisa kunze kwekudiridza, inoda kugara ichirasira. Mvura pasi apo iwe uoma, kubvisa mvura kubva pani mushure mekudiridza. Mumwaka wechando, muti unobatsira kutsvaira nemvura inodziya, kunwisa panguva ino yegore kunofanirwa kuva yakanyanyisa.
Nzira yekudyisa feijoa?
Chimwe chiitiko chekukura muchivako feijoa - kuita hutunga. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuita izvi munguva yekufamba nemichero. Mugore rose, chibereko chinobva kumafetoriki e feijoa chinodyiwa mazuva ose gumi nemashanu, zvichienzanisa ne phosphorus, nitrogen uye potasium. Nokuda kweizvi, gorosi yemabhiza rinonatswa nemvura muchikamu che1:10, uye superphosphate nemhepo inobhururuka inoshandiswa zvakare. Pamberi pekudya imwe neimwe, muti unoyerwa nemvura isingawaniki.
Nzira yekuita sei feijoa?
Pamusoro pemiti ye feijoa, kutarisirwa kunokoshawo mune chikamu chekuvhenekera nekucherechedza humwe hutongi hwehurumende. Muzhizha, iwe unogona kuchengeta bhu rine maruva pabhandi, uko kutonhora kunogara pane + 30 ° C. Zviri nani kudzivisa zuva rakananga. Mumwaka wechando pane kuderera kwepanyama mukusimudzirwa kwemuti, naizvozvo anoda kuzorora. Icho kutonhora kunofanira kuderedzwa kusvika 14 ° C.
Kana zvichidikanwa, zvinogoneka kubudisa maitiro ekugadzira miti. Nokuda kweizvi, mugore rokutanga, zvese zvakakosha zvinotemwa pa 30-45 cm kubva pachigadziko. Izvi zvinogadzira skeleton uye inopedza kukura kusingadikanwi munharaunda yezasi yegwenzi. Muma 2-3 makore gareal increments akaumbwa pamusoro pehutu. Vanotemwa ari kure nekutengesa 30-40 cm kubva kune mumwe nemumwe muhupenyu hwemhepo. Makona ekuparadzanisa kwavo kubva kumatanda anofanira kuva 45-60 °, pakati pematavi - 90-120 °. Mumakore anotevera, kudonhora kutema uye kubviswa kwemafuro akaoma uye asina simba kunoitwa.
Feijoa - kubereka
Paridza chibereko chinonzi feijoa kunyanya kucheka kana midzi. Paunenge uchichekwa, unoda kuwana amai feijoa kana kutora chikamu chikuru chekorona, kubvisa mashizha acho kubva mairi, uchisiya mafura maviri chete uye uise mhinduro ye heteroauxin kwemaawa gumi nemaviri. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe unokwanisa kuisa iyo musanganiswa we humus nejecha kusvika pakadzika kwakakura, asiya chetatu chezvidimbu pasi.
Kukura feijoa kumba kubva pamudziro zvakare zvakare. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma sekuchekwa. Itai zvinongotanga - feijoa inoreva zvinomera zvinokurumidza kukura zvinopa zvakawanda mazaya, izvo zvinofanira kubviswa zvachose. Chikamu chayo chinogona kushandiswa kubereka. Nokuda kweizvi, panguva yekugadzirwa kwemuti wemunhu mukuru, unofanirwa kuparadzanisa zvakaitwa.