Kukura miche yematato kumba - kunzwisisika kwekudyara zvakakodzera nekusarudza

Tomato ndeimwe yemichero yakanakisisa yemiriwo. Kana munhu ane chikamu chenyika uye achida kuigadzirisa, zvino iva nechokwadi - iye achadyara zvishoma matanhatu emusango. Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti kukura mbatatisi michero kumba kunongova nyore kudarika repipe rep, asi, nemashoko anodiwa, nyaya yacho inotengwa uye inobatsira.

Kudyara kwemasamatisi pazvinomera

Ogorodniku haafaniri kuziva chete kudyara nyanya pamichero yakarurama, asiwo nzira yekukura nayo utano hwakanaka hwemamata pamba, kutarisira michero nekudzivirira zvikanganiso zvinouraya zvinoparadza tsvina kana kuti zvinokanganisa kukura kunotevera, kukura kwetamate uye remangwana chibage.

Kuchengetedza kwenyika yekutanidza michero

Iyi inzvimbo yakakosha zvikuru mukurima mbatato michero kumba. Miti yemichero yemamatata haikwanisi kushandiswa musati yagadzirira, kugadzirisa iyo, pose pairi. Kuchenesa ivhu kubva kumaperembudzi ehurwere, mbeu yemasora, pathogenic mabhakitiriya nezvakadaro, inenge yakanyanyisa kwemwedzi 1.5, zvino inounzwa mumhepo inotonhorera, inotetwa uye zvakare inotakurwa kuenda kuchando. Usasvike uye utenge mudura ivhu remuziviki asingazivikanwi. Chigumisiro chakanaka chichava kana iwe wakagadzira pasi iwe pachako kubva pakwenda.

Kuumbwa kwenyika kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvipi zvaunowana zviri nyore uye zvisingadhuri kushandisa. Sakanidza mu 2: 1: 1 chiyero (izvo zvingasarudzwa zvinosarudzwa zvinoratidzirwa muvabereki):

1. Soddy nyika (leafy earth, munda webindu kubva pasi pekudyarwa kwemajisi, zucchini kana kubva kumarara).
2. Yakazara zvakare compost (humus).
3. Gorosi-grained, isina ivhu jecha (perlite, peat, sawdust-yakakura kana kuti inobatwa neuserea solution)

Kugadzirira kwembeu yemamatisi yekudyara mbeu

Kukura miche yematato kumba kunotanga nekugadzira mbeu. Kudyara mbeu yemarumato isati yasimwa pambeu inosanganisira nzira dzekugadzira zvekare:

1. Kuronga. Nzira yekutanga ndeyekuonekwa kwembeu: kubvisa zvakakuvadzwa, zvakashandurwa ruvara, zvisina chinhu. Nzira yechipiri ndeyokuderedza 1 kiyiyo yepuni yemunyu mumatare emvura inopisa, inonatswa, kuisa mbeu ipapo uye inokurudzira. Mbeu yakasara inofanira kubviswa, iyo yose yakashambidzwa nemvura yakachena, yakasvibiswa, yakaoma, yakapararira pamapepa kana girazi.
2. Chengetera kumera. Nhamba yakawanda yakawanda yezviyo inoiswa padhokwe yekotoni, yakafukidzwa neimwe kamba yekotoni, yakanyorova uye yakadyarwa kwevhiki. Ipapo huwandu hwembeu dzakange dzakadyarwa hunoverengwa. Nekudzikira kwechidiki, kuwedzera kwe mbeu kunowedzera. Nekuwedzera kune pasi pe10-15%, mbeu hadzisashandiswi kudyara (kunze kwekuti iwe uri kuedza kuchengetedza nekuchengetedza rumwe rudzi rwaunofarira)
3. Kudziya. Gauze sack nembeu yakasimirirwa kwemwedzi inoverengeka pedyo nekutengesa mabhatiri kana kupararira, nguva dzose kusanganiswa, pasi pesimba rezuva kwevhiki. Hazviitwi kune mbeu dzehuwandu uye nekuda kwekuenda kumativi ekumaodzanyemba.
4. Disinfection . Kazhinji, mbeu yacho inodzivirirwa mune imwe mvura yakajeka ye potassium permanganate (1 mg ne 1 litre yemvura), kuderedza mbeu muhomwe ye gauze kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Mushure mokunge mbeu inoshambwa uye yakaoma.
5. Kunyura . Zvakanakisisa kuti uite mumapurasitiki ejecha mumvura yakasviba kwemaawa 12-18. Ichando chemvura chinoramba chiripo pa22-25 ° C. Mvura inochinja katatu. Mbeu haifaniri kutenderera mumvura, asi haifaniri kunge yakaoma. Nguva nenguva, bvisa mbeu kubva mumvura kuti izere nemhepo. Kunyura kunofanira kuitwa musati matyara. Kusukura kwembeu pakati pekuchera nekudyara hakubvumirwi.

Nguva yekudyara nyanya pamichero?

Mbeu dzinotanga kudyara mbeu yemichero pamusha zvinogona kutungamirira kune chokwadi chokuti zvinomera "kunze", zvigunwe zvadzo zvakanyanyisa, izvo zvichaita kuti kubhururuka muvhu rakavhurika uye kunogona kuchinja kubvisa mbeu. Kana iwe wakanonoka nekudyara kwembeu, iwe haungatori kukohwa kwekutanga, uye nekureba kwakakwirira, hakuzovi nenguva yakakwana yokubvisa chibereko mumashizha ekupedzisira. Nguva, kana uchidyara nyanya pamichero, haisi yakangofanana nematato ekukura kwakasiyana:

• Kubva kwokutanga - mazuva 40-50 kusati kwaonekwa kuibva kwekutanga;
• pakati - kubva - mazuva makumi mashanu nemashanu;
• kunonoka kubhururuka - mazuva makumi manomwe.

Nzira dzekudyara mbeu yemarato pamichero

Kudyara mbeu yemarumisi yemichero ndeimwe yezvikamu zvakakosha zvekurima, kubudirira kunobatanidza zvakananga kukohwa kwetamate. Mukuwedzera kune nzira yemararamiro (kudyara mumabhosi, kutora mumikombe nekuwedzera kudyara kwezvirimwa muvhu rakavhurika) kukura michero yemuimba kumba kunogona kuitwa nenzira dzinonakidza dzinoita kuti kutarisira michero uye kukurudzira kukohwa kuwedzere.

Kukura miche yematato mu peat mapiritsi

Mbeu yematata mu peat mapiritsi haadi mitsara, naizvozvo nzira yekukura iyo iri nyore. Kubatsira kwemuitiro uyu:

1. Inogona kushandiswa kukura zvisingawanzodi, zvinodhura zvakasiyana kana, kana pane zvishoma zvembeu.
2. Akabatanidzwa, zviri nyore kutakura midziyo nemapiritsi.
3. Mbeu haifaniri kudya zvakakwana, sezvo mapiritsi ave atova nekukura kukurudzira uye mineral supplement;
4. Iyo midzi inowanikwa zvakanaka nemhepo.
5. Miti yacho haisimbiswi kana yakasimwa muvhu, midzi yacho haina kukuvadzwa.
6. Mushure mekudyara mbeu, bhandi rinoputirwa nemafungicidhe rinodzivirira mbeu inomera kubva kune zvirwere zvehuturu kwechinguva.

Kukura nyanya nyanya mukichlea

Nzira iyi inofadza haisati yapararira, naizvozvo havasi vakuri vese vemiriwo vanoziva kukura sei nyanya mbesa mumakona. Uye zvachose pasina! Iyo nzira iri kuvimbisa uye ine mazamu mazhinji akanaka:

• kuve nyore uye kugoneka;
• yakawanda nzvimbo yekuchengetedza;
• hakuna mari yakawanda;
• Iwe unogona kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvisina kufanira;
• Kunwa mvura yakawanda kunodiwa;
• midzi inokura zvakanaka;
• Zvinotora nguva shomanana yekutora.

Chinese nzira yekukura michero yemarato

Nzira yekuChina yekukurima michero yemarato inotarisa zvikuru. Kusiyana kwayo kukuru kubva kune dzimwe nzira dzose ndeyokuti panguva yekutora midzi yacho inoramba iri muvhu: simbu inongorodzwa pamusoro pevhu nekwakapinza shisa shoma uye yakabva yaendeswa kune imwe muvhu kana mumudziyo nemvura kuitira kuti ibude midzi mitsva. Iyi nzira inonyanya kushanda kumarudzi akakura . Pluses:

1. Kwemwedzi nehafu, nguva yekudyara mbeu kudyara mbeu yakaderedzwa.
2. Zvibereko zvinosvibisa zvinoumbwa zvekare kumucheto anenge 20 cm.
3. Zvirimwa zvakanyanya kukunda zvirwere.
4. Kureba kwegwenzi kunopfupiswa, trunk inowedzera, muti wacho unopisa mhepo.

Kuchengetedza mbesa yemamato

Nguva inotarisirwa uye inokosha ndeyokutarisira michero yemamatisi mushure mokumera. Unhu hwekudyara zvinhu uye nekukohwa kwema tomato zvakanamatira zvakanakira. Kucherechedza kwechiedza uye chekushisa mumamiriro epamba, kudiridza panguva yakakodzera pasina kunyanya kuwandisa, kudya, nguva inoshandiswa kutsvaga michero - kunze kweizvi zvakaoma kuwana mhinduro yakanaka mukuwa.

Top dressing of tomato miche

Kuti uwane chimiro chinorwisana nezvirwere uye zvisina kunaka mumamiriro ekunze, ne rosette yakanyatsogadzirwa yemashizha, muti wakasimba usingatambudziki paunodyara muvhu rakazaruka, zvinokosha kuti uone hukura hudiki hwetamate nekudya kwakakodzera. Nzira yekudyisa mbatato mbesa uye kuti ungaziva sei kuti pane urombo hwekutsvaga zvinhu:

1. Nitrogen - kupenya kwemashizha ezasi, kukura kunononoka pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akafanana uye kudiridza panguva yakakodzera. Kuwedzera kwewerea, ammonium nitrate.
2. Phosphorus ihuputi huri shure kwemashizha. Kuwedzerwa kwe superphosphate mushure mokuuya pasi.
3. Potassium - inorambidzwa kukura kwemidzi, necrosis yemashizha. Kuwedzera kwe potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate.
4. Magnesium - nzvimbo pakati pe streaks pamashizha ezasi, mashizha akaomeswa ndokuwa. Pamusoro kupfeka ne magnesium sulfate.

Kutonhora kwezvirimwa zvematato

Utongi hwekushisa hwemamato mbatato hunokosha zvikuru pakuwana michero yakanaka, yakasimba. Munguva iyo yose yakagadzirwa nenyuchi, kukunda kwakanyanya kuchave:

• kumera kwembeu 25-30 ° C;
• Mbeu inokura mushure mokudyara 23-25 ​​° C;
• zviri mukati memicheu mazuva mashomanana zvisati zvaitika uye mushure mokunge kusarudzwa kwe16-18 ° C;
• kukura miche mumasikati 20-22 ° C;
• izvo zviri mumichero usiku ndeye 14-16 ° C.

Kuzorodzwa kwemamato mbatato

Neiko uye sei nzira dzekununura michero yemamatisi: kwemazuva ose ekuzorora kwemavara, tomato inoda maawa 12-16 masikati. Mbeu ine kushaya kwechiedza yakatambanudza, inenge isina simba shoma uye yakasvibira mashizha. Kuchenesa michero kunofanirwa kuve pane zuva rine makore kubva maawa matanhatu kusvika kumaawa makumi maviri. Pazuva rakasviba, mwenje unogona kubviswa panguva yakajeka yezuva, uye mangwanani nemanheru, usamisa kunatsvaga. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mwenje dze LED dzakashandiswa pakujekesa. Iko mari, kushandiswa kwenguva refu, nyore kuisa.

Zvirwere zvetamato mbeu

Zvinosuruvarisa sei, kana wakakurira nekuchengetwa kwakadaro uye nekuedza kukuru, mbeu dzinotanga kupera uye kufa! Mbeu inogona kukuvadza zvirwere zvakadaro:

1. Fungal. Iva nenguva yekushanda kuchinja, kubva pakudiridza zvakanyanya uye kupera kwemhepo, kubva kune ivhu rakasvibiswa, kuwedzerwa kukuru kwezvirimwa.
2. Viral. Zvimwe zvikonzero hazvina kunaka mamiriro ekusimudza mbeu, mbeu inotapukirwa nehutachiona, husuruvara kuparadzira chirwere chacho, kusakosha kwezvakakwana muvhu.
3. Mabhakitiriya. Utachiona hunovapo kubva kune mbeu dzisinganzwisisiki, ivhu rakavhiringidzika pamatambo makuru ehutano nekunyorova.
4. Kwete-kupararira . Zvirimwa zvinogona kutambura nekushaiwa kana kuwandisa kwemaminerari zvinhu muvhu (nitrogen, iron, mhangura, potassium, calcium nezvimwe zvinhu).

Kudzivirira izvi kuti zvirege kuitika, kutanga-kudyara mbeu kurapwa, kushandiswa kwetamato michero kubva kuzvirwere kuchabatsira. Gadzirira nekugadzirisa zvakakwana ivhu, usabvisa kudyara, chengeta hurumende yekudiridza uye hutongi hwehurumende. Ngwarira kutevera kukura kwezvirimwa, pane zviratidzo zvokutanga zvechirwere edza kuziva chikonzero chacho, bvisa zvirwere zvinorwara uye utange kurapa.

Pickling tomato miche

Iko kukanganisa kwemichero kunoitwa nechinangwa chokuwana fungal kubva kumudonzvo midzi. Mudzi wepakati unoenda mukati-kati muvhu, muzvikamu zvisingave zvakakosha mune zvimwenje. Iyo midzi inoputika inowanikwa mumvura yakakwirira, yakanaka-ye-nutrient-rich, iyo inofadza kukura kwesimba yakasimba uye chibereko chakaisvonaka chetamatisi.

Kuti uone kuti ndeipi nguva yekudonha michero yemarato , hazvizove zvakaoma: pamagadzirirwo anofanira kuonekwa maviri mashizha chaiye (pamwe nepeji yemashizha emvura). Izvi zvinowanzoitika pazuva rechinomwe-chegumi mushure mekubuda. Izvo zvinoda kushandisa ivhu rakafanana rawakasima mbeu. Kuti uite izvi, pakutanga mumusha, gadzirira imwe nyika kuti ive nezvakakwana zvekudyara mbeu uye uchiri kusara pakusarudza. Svetera muti uri muvhu kusvika kumwero kusvika pamashizha e-cotyledonous.

Kukura miche yemamatisi kumba hakusi nyaya yakadaro, asi kudzidza kudzidzisa zvakanaka zvikamu zvayo zvose zvinogona kuitika kunyange kune muchengeti wekurima. Kuti urege kuita zvikanganiso mumashoko, chengeta rekodhi. Itai kuti ive magazini chaiyo kana mabhuku, umo maunopinza ruzivo pamusoro pezuva rekudyara mbeu, kushandiswa kwenyika, nguva yekugadzirira, kudya uye mamwe mashoko anokosha. Vachakubatsira iwe, kana zvichidiwa, uone kuti chikanganiso chakaitwa kupi, kana zvakadaro, yeuka, uye shandisa zviito zvakabudirira zvikuru.