Chii chinonzi cholesterol, uye sei kuchengetedza huwandu hwayo muchimiro?

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti cholesterol chii, nokuti mumakore gumi apfuura, kutarira kwakanyanya kwakabhadharwa. Mune dzimwe nyika, somuenzaniso, muU.SA, kunyange kwekanguva kwaiva nehustria nekuda kwe "dambudziko" ichi. Vanhu vaidavira zvakasimba kuti ndicho chikonzero chezvirwere zvavo zvose. Zvisinei, izvi zvinongova chikamu chiduku chechokwadi.

Chii chinonzi cholesterol muropa?

Kujekesa izvi kuchabatsira zvinoreva izwi rinoshandiswa. Kubva mururimi rwekare rwechiGiriki kusvika kuRussia "χολή" - "bile" uye "στερεός" - "zvakaoma". Mune mamwe mazwi, iri lipophilic doro. Basa reku cholesterol mumuviri wemunhu rakanaka:

1. Inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweB bile, pasina izvo zvokudya zvisingabvumi.
2. Icho chikamu chemukati membrane.
3. Inobatanidzwa muhutano hwe cortisone - hormone inofanirwa kuti ive yakakodzera metabolism yezvinhu .
4. Kutakura masero kune zvinhu zvakasiyana, kusunga mishonga inokuvadza uye kubvisa kubva mumuviri.
5. Cholesterol inobatanidzwa pakugadzirwa kwehomoni dzepabonde .

Izvi zvakasikwa, semafuta ose, hazvisviki mumvura. Inenge 80% yeklesterol inokonzerwa nemuviri uye 20% chete inobva pakudya. Muropa, iyi inhengo yehupenyu inowanikwa nenzira ye lipoproteins. Kune maverengi emapoka emapuroteni ekutakura:

• high molecular weight (LPVL);
• low molecular weight (LDL);
• akadzika kwazvo mashekeri ekuremera (VLDL);
• chylomicrons

Chii chinonzi LDL cholesterol?

Muvanhuwo zvavo inonzi "yakaipa." Inenge 70 muzana yehushutori inenge iri muropa plasma inoreva LDL. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumuviri, sezvo zvichiita kuti zvirambe zvichiitwa. Zvisinei, kana uwandu hwakaderera lipoprotein hunodarika chimiro, izvi zvatova nengozi. Nokuda kwekusaenzana uku, mwoyo yematambudziko inogona kutambura. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti chii chakanyanya kuderedza cholesterol kune avo vakagadzirira kukura kwezvirwere izvi.

Lipoproteins yeboka iri inopesana mudiki mashoma. Iyo yakawanda yeproteine-fat particles is 18-26 nm. Pamusana peizvi vanogona kusununguka kupinda mukati mevascular system. Kana iri muropa iyo inongororwa yemakemikisi akadai anodarika chimiro, inowanzounganidza pane endothelium yemapilisiri, mitsetse uye mishonga, zvichiumba cholesteric plaques. Kuti uongorore dambudziko rekudzidzira atherosclerosis nedzimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvepfungwa, kuongorora ropa kunoitwa kunoitwa.

Chii chinonzi HDL cholesterol?

Kune vakawanda inozivikanwa se "yakanaka". Izvi zvikamu zvinoonekwa sezviduku. Iyo yakakura haina kupfuura 11 nm. Mukurongwa kwavo, chikamu cheshumba chiri muprotini chikamu, asi mafuta ane zvisingakoshi. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chii chakakosha cholesterol, nokuti iyi inowanzoita basa rinokosha mune utano. Izvozvo lipoproteins inochenesa midziyo yemafuta yakawanda inounganidza pamusoro payo. Izvi zvikamu zvinopenya kwazvo. Vanotora "mudziyo" wepombi uye vanoenda nayo kune hepatocytes. Pano, "uroyi" unoshandurwa kuva mafuta acids, uye zvino unenge wakanyanyisa kuburikidza nemugwagwa wekudya.

Chii chinonzi cholesterol?

Ichi chinoratidzira chinongedzera "zvakanaka" uye "zvakaipa" zvinyorwa. Kuiswa kwezvinhu zvose zviri zviviri zvinofanira kuva zvakasikwa. Zvose zvakaderera pasi uye nhamba yakakwirira ndeyengozi. Kusagadzikana kwakadaro kunogona kukanganisa migumisiro yakakomba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti murwere anzwisise kuti cholesterol iri kupi kuongorora ropa. Chiremba achamubatsira kutsungirira basa iri rakaoma.

Nzira yekuziva sei kero yeklesterol muropa?

Kuti uone kusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakadaro mumuviri, lipidogram inorayirwa. Ropa rakawanda rinoshandiswa mukudzidza uku. Kubva pamigumisiro yekuongororwa, chiremba achatsanangurira murwere kwete chete cholesterol, asiwo zvakare kana chiri chimiro. Panguva imwe chete, vanodzidza uye vanoenzanisa nhamba dzeLDL neHDLL. Izvi zvinobvumira chiremba kuti aongorore dambudziko rekuchinja kwe-atherosclerotic mumuviri.

Pamberi pekugadzirisa huwandu hwehushutera muropa, murwere acharairwa kugadzirira kuongorora. Anofanirwa kuita shanduko dzakadaro:

1. Kuongorora kunopiwa mangwanani mangwanani musina chinhu chisina chinhu, saka kudya kwekusvitsa kunofanira kuendeswa mberi. Mukuwedzera, mushure mekudya kwekupedzisira inofanira kutora maawa gumi.
2. Mazuva mashomanana vasati vaongorora, kudya kwemafuta kunofanira kuiswa kunze kwekudya.
3. Mugumisiro unokanganisa nemishonga inotorwa (kunyanya NSAIDs, omega-3, mavitamini). Kana murwere achigara achidya madhiragi akadaro, anofanira kuzivisa chiremba pamusoro pazvo. Chiremba anoziva cholesterol uye chii chinogadzirisa mishonga iyi pamwero wake, saka vamwe vavo vangarayirwa kuti vasiye kwenguva pfupi.
4. Half awa imwe isati yasvika, haugoni kusvuta.
5. Usati wopinda muhofisi, uko kuenzaniswa kweropa kuchiitwa, iwe unofanirwa kudzikama zvakanyanyisa.

Cholesterol muvanhu

Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu inotarirwa mu millimoles neawa imwe yeropa. Izvo zvishoma uye huwandu hutsika hunosimbiswa kune HDL uye LDL. Muchikamu chino, pane cholesterol muropa romunhu ane utano. Mitemo yakasiyana. Kukura kwavo kunobva pane zvakadai:

• zvepabonde;
• age.

Cholesterol muvakadzi

Muhupenyu hwose, kushanda kweizvi hupenyu huri kuchinja. Nokudaro, huwandu hwehushutera hwemakore makumi matatu nemakore huchava hwakaderera kupfuura hwemakore makumi mana nemakore. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti pamazera mashoma kudengenyeka kwemagetsi kunomhanya nokukurumidza, saka kuti LDL haigoni kuvhara mumidziyo yeropa. Zvisinei, panguva yekuzvitakura pane kuchinja kwehutachiona hwemuviri mumuviri wemamangwana. Izvi zvinotungamirira kukuwedzera mune zvinyorwa zve lipoproteins muropa remukadzi.

Cholesterol muvarume

Tarisa kuona kana mukati memiganhu inotenderwa ndiyo chiratidzo chemuumbi wehupenyu mumumiri wehutano hwakasimba, hazvibviri. Iva nemigumisiro yakavimbika kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwehupenyu hwekuongorora ropa. Cholesterol chiyero chevarume chinowirirana maererano nezera. Munhu mukuru, munhu akakwirira maitiro ake anogamuchirwa emapoprotein.

Cholesterol muvana

Kuwedzera kwezvikwata zve lipoprotein zvinowanikwa kwete muhukuru chete. Vana vanowanzoitawo izvi. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvakakosha kuti vabereki vazive kuti cholesterol inotani mumwana uye kana kukosha kwechiratidzo ichi chiri mumiganhu inogamuchirwa. Chiremba achavabatsira kuti vanzwisise mubvunzo uyu. Anotsanangura kuti cholesterol chii uye anotsvaga zvawanikwa. Kana zvichidiwa, chiremba achapa chirongwa chekugadzirisa mwana wacho.

High cholesterol

Kana HDL yakanyanya kudarika, inowanzowanzoonekwa yakasununguka, sezvo pasina huwandu hwekuchengetedzwa kwechimiro chakadaro. Inofungidzirwa kuti iyo yakanyanya-mashizha lipoproteins muropa, iyo yakaderedza ngozi yehutano hwemwoyo. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva kusava nemafungiro aya kunogona kuratidza kuputsa kwemasabolism emafuta. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika apo:

• chronic hepatitis ;
• kudhakwa;
• chronic inxication;
• hereditary dyslipidemia;
• kuchinja kwechirwere kunotora muropa.

Kuwedzera kweLDL ingozi yakakomba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanachiremba vanokurudzira zvakasimba kuti iwe utore lipidogram gore roga roga kune ani zvake anenge asvika makore makumi matatu, uye akazara vanhu. Izvi ndizvo zvinotyisa zvikuru LDL cholesterol ndeyokuti:

1. Icho chinokonzera kukura kwechirwere chepfungwa chemoyo .
2. Inoderedza ropa kuderera kuuropi. Somugumisiro, kurwiswa kwechikafu chinokanganisa kungaitika.
3. Unobereka kuchinja kweatrosclerotic mumutsipa wemwoyo.
4. Icho chinokonzera kuvhara kwemitsipa yeropa, iyo inogona kukonzera stenosis, aneurysm kana thrombosis.
5. Ndicho chikonzero chekurohwa kana chirwere chemwoyo .

Zvinokonzera High Blood Cholesterol

Iko kuwedzera kwepasi pasi pfupi lipoprotein inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana. Zvinokonzera kuwedzerwa kweku cholesterol zvinowanzowanzo:

1. Zvisingabatsiri zvokudya - mafuta zvakabikwa zvakagadzirwa, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakasara-zvakagadzirwa, zvokudya zvinenge zvakawanda zvine mafuta (kubika, kamuti, dhizi rakaoma nezvimwewo zvakadaro).
2. Heredity - somuenzaniso, hypercholesterolemia inogona kuparadzirwa kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana.
3. Nzira yehupenyu hwehupenyu - svesayenzi inopupurirwa kuti hypotension inokonzera kuderera kweHDL uye kuwedzera kweLDL.
4. Kubvumwa kwemimwe mishonga - kuderedza huwandu hwe "zvakanaka" cholesterol inogona kuratidzira, chirongwa chekudzivirira pamuviri nemimwe mishonga.
5. Kuwedzera - kunokonzera kukura kwehutano hwemwoyo.

Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera kwekushutoriol kunogona kukonzerwa nehosha dzakadaro:

• chirwere cheshuga mellitus;
• anorexia;
• renal insufficiency;
• nzira dzakasimba uye nduru dzemajoni;
• Cushing's syndrome ;
• hypertension nekudaro.

High cholesterol - chii chaunofanira kuita?

Kuti kuenzanise hutano hwe lipoprotein, mishonga yemapoka akadaro inogona kurongerwa:

• statins (Zokor, Krestor, Lipitor nevamwe);
• nicotinic acid;
• vatungamiri vezvikwata (Cholestan, Holestipol);
• fibrates (Clofibrate, Fenofibrate);
• zvokudya zvinowedzera nehuwandu hwehupenyu hwe omega-3.

Kuderedza cholesterol uye kurovedza muviri. Vanofanira kusarudzwa mumwe nomumwe. Kune vamwe varwere, imwe nzira yakanakisisa ichava hafu yenguva inotanga. Vamwe vanokwanisa chete kufamba netsoka. Zvakakosha kuti nebasa rakadaro, kupisa kunenge kusina kupfuura 80%. Inobatsira uye kufema maitiro. Inobatsira kuzadza muviri nemhepo yakasviba uye kuratidza kushandiswa kwemagetsi.

Mukuwedzera, kuderera kweLDL kunopa huremu hunowanikwa. Kunyange kune avo vasina kuoma, kutarisirwa kunofanira kubhadhara kune chikafu chavo: inofanira kunge yakanyatsokwana. Iwe unoda zvikamu zviduku uye kazhinji. Menyu inokosha kukosha nemishonga yakadaro:

• kabbage;
• garlic;
• soya;
• maapuro;
• nuts;
• avocado;
• zviyo nemashizha;
• hove uye hove dzegungwa, dzakapfuma mu omega-3 fatty acids;
• chokoti chemafu;
• miriwo mutsvuku uye michero.

Vatsigiri vekurapa kusina kukodzera vanozivawo kuti cholesterol yakakwirira chii, saka vanokurudzira mukurwisana nayo kushandisa michina yakadai yemishonga:

• dioscreek the Caucasian;
• licorice root;
• hawthorn;
• bluu blueness;
• lipu;
• dandelion nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Low cholesterol

Kutyisidzira hakusi kungowedzera chete, asi kuderera kwezvikamu zve lipoproteins. Iyi ndiyo ngozi yakaderera yeHCL cholesterol iyi:

1. Icho chinokonzera kukura kwekuora mwoyo kana kutyisa kunetseka.
2. Iyo yakazara nekuparara pamuviri panguva yekuzvitakura.
3. Zvinokonzera kukanganisa kweropa kupararira mumidziyo yeuropi.
4. Inogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekushayikwa kwehomoni dzebonde.
5. Icho chinokonzera kukura kwe hypocia mu fetus uye hypovitaminosis kana rickets mumwana.

Low cholesterol muropa - zvinokonzera

Kana nhamba yeHDL iri pasi kudarika yakasvibirira, izvi zvinoratidza kuti muviri une mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro:

• chirwere cheshuga mellitus;
• chirwere chechiropa;
• zvirwere zvakanyanya kupararira;
• kushungurudzwa mubasa retsvo;
• zvirwere zvepachivande zvechiropa;
• hypothyroidism.

Ikoko kunewo yakaderedza LDL cholesterol. Hazvina ngozi kudarika chiratidzo chinowedzera. Cholesterol yakaderera muropa inowanikwa nehutano hwakadaro:

• chisinganzwisisiki anemia;
• arthritis nedzimwe zvirwere zvekubatana;
• sepsis;
• myeloma;
• Reynaud syndrome .

Low cholesterol - chii chaunofanira kuita?

Kana dyslipidemia inokonzerwa nehutano hwemukati, chiratidzo chinodzokera kune chimiro pakarepo mushure mekunge murwere apedza chirongwa chakatemwa. Mukuwedzera, kuderedza cholesterol muropa kunogona kuwedzera nekugadzirisa nzira yehupenyu. Kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kune zvakadai:

1. Bvisa maitiro akaipa. Kubviswa kweicicinine nekudhakwa zvisina kunwa kunowedzera HDL index ne 15%.
2. Normalize kuyerwa - nekilogi imwe neimwe, kukamanikidzwa kwemidziyo uye mwoyo wemisumbu inowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti kukura kweLDL.
3. Wedzera basa remuviri - kufamba, kushambira, kutamba, yoga inogamuchirwa.

Kana uwandu hwakaderera hwekushandiswa kweklesterol, hurera uhwo huchabatsira kudya kwekurapa. Zvokudya zvinofanira kutevedzera zvinotevera:

1. Kudya kunofanirwa kuve kwakapfuma mune fiber - michero nemiriwo.
2. Zvakakosha kuti koriori yezuva nezuva inoshandisa simba remuviri wemuviri.
3. Nhamba yemafuta inopedzwa haafaniri kudarika 25% yezvose zvinogamuchirwa zuva nezuva.
4. Zuva rimwe nerimwe iwe unofanirwa kudya bran.
5. Zvokudya zvinofanira kuva zvishoma (muna 5-6 kugamuchira).