Zita rokuti "art therapy" rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatini se "kurapa maitiro". Iyi nharaunda yepothytherapy isiri muduku, asi iri kukurumidza kukura nemhaka yemigumisiro inowanikwa munguva yekurapa. Iine mhando zhinji uye subspecies, iyo inozarura mikana yakawanda yekubvisa matambudziko epfungwa .
Chii chinorapwa?
Pakutanga, yaive pamusoro pemishonga yemifananidzo, kureva, kurapwa kwehutano hwakanaka, asi gare gare yakaonekwa mamwe maitiro ezvakanaka - kuimba, kutamba, kuita, kuenzanisa, nevamwe, izvo zvinobatsira munhu kwete kungozorodza uye kuparadzanisa kubva pamabasa anokosha, asi zvakare kuwana zvakadzama kuzviziva ivo pachavo , mukati maro "I", nokudaro kubvisa zvigadzirwa zvaro uye kupesana, kuvandudza mafungiro, kuwirirana mupfungwa yepfungwa. Kurapa kwehutano hauna maitiro asina kunaka uye hakuiti kukonzera mumunhu, nokuti munyaya iyi basa pacharo rinokosha, kwete chigumisiro.
Ndeapi unyanzvi hwokurapa mune zvepfungwa?
Iyi pfungwa yakatorwa nechiremba weBritish uye muongorori Adrian Hill, uyo akashanda nevanorwara nehutachiona uye akacherechedza kuti kubata kunovabatsira kurwisa chirwere. Kurapa kwepfungwa mune zvepfungwa kwakashandiswawo munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri maererano nevana vakabudiswa mumisasa yevasungwa. Nhasi inoitwa nenzira yevanhu pachavo neboka. Kurapa kwekodhi kunogona kuitwa, kunyange pasina kuenda kumba, kutenga muto-antistress, wakagadzirwa naJoanna Busford.
Zvinangwa zvehutano hwehutano
Kupfuura nzira yekurapa neunyanzvi, mutengi anoziva kuzviziva, kuzvitaura uye kuzviongorora, izvo zvinobvumira kuwirirana nemamiriro ake epfungwa . Kurapa nekugadzirisa chinangwa chekuvandudza mupfungwa uye mupfungwa, kubvisa kushushikana, kubvisa kutya ne phobias, utsinye, kushushikana, kusava nehanya, kuora mwoyo, kunatsiridza simba uye mafungiro.
Mukuwedzera pakubatanidza mamiriro ekufunga kwechiremba wepfungwa nehutano hwehutano hwehutano, mabasa anotevera anotevera:
- Kuzarura mano ekusika evanhu , matarenda ake uye mano ake.
- Kurumidza kupora muzvirwere zvakawanda.
- Ita sangano pakati pemudzidzisi uye mutengi, shandisa hukama hwekuvimba pakati pavo.
- Batsira murwere kuisa pfungwa pane zviri mukati uye kudzidza kudzidzora manzwiro avo.
- Batsira munhu kugadzirisa hukama hwevanhu.
- Ipa kukurudzira kutaura kwemanzwiro avo nemafungiro ayo munhu asingakwanisi kana kuti asingadi kuratidzira nenzira yakajairika.
Ndezvipi zvinobatsira zvehutano hwehutano?
Kushandiswa kwehutano kunobata mupfungwa zvinyoronyoro, unobtrusively, nokuti nzira yekurapa pachayo yakafanana nekutamba. Kazhinji murwere ari mukutambudzika uye zvakaoma kutanga kukurukurirana, uye mikana yekurapa inobvumira munhu kuti ataure "I" kuburikidza nemifananidzo inooneka. Nzira yekurapa kwakadaro inobva pachirevo chekuti zviri mukati memurwere mukati "ego" zvinoratidzwa mumifananidzo yakaonekwa panguva iyo yaanoveza, kudhonza, kutamba kana kuimba, zvichiita kuti kuwirirane nyika ye psyche.
Kurapa kwakadaro hakuiti kuti muchengeti arambe kana kuramba, izvo zvinokosha kune vanhu vari mumamiriro ekudetsa. Inogara ichizvidira uye yakachengeteka. Muchiitiko chekuongorora zviitiko zvemukati pazvisikwa zvake, munhu haazive kuti havazivi kunze kuenda. Kana tikarangarira nzira yacho kubva pakuona kwepfungwa yepfungwa, ipapo inonyanya kushandiswa is sublimation. Nokuburikidza nemifananidzo inoratidzira uye zvinhu, izvo zvisingazivikanwi zvinopindirana nekuziva, uye mushandi anobatsira murwere kunzwisisa kuti chii "chisingazivi" chake chinoda kumuudza.
Mhando dzehutano hwehutano
Iyi nzira ndeyekuwedzera kufarira, izvo zvinoita kuti zvidikanwe zvekuwedzera miganhu yaro uye kubuda kwezvinhu zvose zvitsva "zvishandiso" zvekurapa. Nzira dzehutano hwehutano dzinosanganisira:
- isoterapy - kupora uye kutora;
- maridza therapy - munhu wacho anotaridzirwa kune chiedza chemavara akasiyana-siyana;
- mimhanzi therapy, iyo inosanganisira pakuteerera kumitauro yakasiyana-siyana;
- shanduro yejecha - kutora nejecha;
- vhidhiyo therapy - zvinoreva kutarisa vhidhiyo umo hero inoratidza dambudziko rimwechete;
- mutambo wehutano - mukugadzirisa kwemutambo basa rinokosha rekufunga rinoumbwa;
- bibliotherapy - iyi nzira inoshandisa mabhuku ezwi izwi;
- skazkoterapiyu - kuumbwa kwetsano, kuongororwa kwemabasa akatovapo;
- Maskoterapiju - mufananidzo wechiso chemuviri wemurwere unoshandiswa, uchibvumira kutungamirira manzwiro uye zviitiko mumugwagwa unodiwa;
- dramatherapy, kureva, kuratidzira, kutamba chidimbu;
- phototherapy - kutora mifananidzo, kusika zvikwata;
- dens therapy - dancing;
- unyanzvi-hutano-hunosanganisira kupenda, versification, cartoon, ruvara, mask, phototherapy, nezvimwewo.
Kurapa kwevakadzi
Pahupenyu hwemazuva ano, apo vanhu vanogara vachimanikidzirwa, kurapwa kwemaitiro kunobatsira kuti vanzwisise ivo, nzvimbo yavo muhupenyu uye vanowana nzira dzekuzadzisa zvido zvavo. Kurapa kwevakuru kunopa mukana wekusimbisa simba ravo, kuwana kuzvivimba uye rugare rwepfungwa. Kuburikidza nemifananidzo inobudirira yekuona, mufananidzo wehupenyu hwako hunosikwa - rudzi rwevanhu vanoda kuhuona.
Kurapa kwevakwegura
Nzira yekurapa nguva dzose inosarudzwa nenyanzvi, inopa kuoma kwemhando yese yekugadzirwa. Uye kana vechidiki vakakodzera kuitamba mumitambo yemitambo kana kutamba, zvino unyanzvi hwokurapa kune vakwegura hunosanganisira kusarudza kuora mwoyo uye nzira dzakajeka dziri nyore kubata, uye dzisina unyanzvi hunokosha hunodiwa. Kana ukashanda nevakwegura zvakakosha kukurudzira munhu kutanga uye kwete kuedza kuwana chimwe chigumisiro. Iyi ndiyo dambudziko rakaoma kwazvo, nokuti vanhu vazhinji vemazera ano havatendizve mune simba ravo, kunze kwekuti vanofunga kuti izvi zvinoda tarenda chaiyo.
Unyanzvi hwokurapa - maitiro
Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzirisa zvinetso zvako zvemukati. Heano mamwe acho:
- Paunenge uchishanda nemwana, kumbira kuti atange kutya kwake. Kutya kunodzoka kumashure, inofanira kuve inonakidza uye inonakidza. Semuenzaniso, kutora uta hweko, uye imbwa yakaipa mapapiro mapapiro.
- Nzira dzehutano hwezvehutano dzinosanganisira chirongwa chinonzi "Kalyaki Malyaki". Murwere anokumbirwa kuti ataure zvisina maturo, uye wozvinyatsocherechedza uye usarudze mufananidzo wakajeka, umudedze, ureke, uye inotsanangura mufananidzo.
- Nzira dzehutano hutano dzinosanganisira nzira ye "collage". Muchirevo chehurukuro yakapiwa, glue, kuveza uye kuvhara pamapepa chero chii zvacho. Kuongororwa kunoitwa nekufungisisa ukuru uye nzvimbo yezvinhu, mararamiro, chimiro, kubatana, nezvimwewo.
Mabhuku ehutano hwehutano
Kurapa nekuzvidzivirira kuzviratidza kunobatanidzwa mumabasa anotevera:
- "Nzira dzehutano hwehutano hwakanaka" A.I. Kopytina . Murairo unobatsira unobatsira mukubata nekukuvara kwakasiyana-siyana nekudhakwa.
- "Maitiro ekurapa maitiro: nzira, kuongororwa, maitiro ekudzidzisa" L.D. Lebedevoy . Munyori mune imwe nzira yakajeka uye inogamuchirwa inopa tsanangudzo yakajeka yehutano hwekurapa huni, inonyora zvinhu zvose zvakakosha pane izvi, rinotsanangura maitiro ekuongorora.
- "Kurapa nekunaka kuzviratidza" Inotyisa . Bhuku racho rinonyora maitiro ose ekurapa maitiro anobva pane unyanzvi uye zvisikwa.