Pazera remakore 2.5-3, chiratidzo chemwana chinofanira kunyatsogadziriswa. Kana mwana ari kurwara ne strabismus (strabismus), zvakakosha kushanyira ophthalmologist nekutanga kuronga zvakakwana. Pasina kurapa kwakakodzera, zvinetso zvisingagadziriswi zvinogona kuitika, uye kuonekwa kwakanaka kunowedzera kukurumidza.
Aina dze strabismus
Chikamu che strobism chinoitwa maererano nezvinodiwa zvinotevera:
- ndege yechipupuriro yakatsauka kubva panzvimbo yakatarwa;
- kubatana kweziso;
- kugadzikana kwezvirwere;
- dambudziko;
- chikonzero chikuru;
- kunze kwekutaura.
Nekutsauka kwemuverengi kubva munharaunda yakarurama, kushungurudza kwevana kunoparadzaniswa kuva maboka anotevera:
- divergent;
- convergent;
- vertical;
- kusanganiswa.
Maererano nekubatanidzwa kwehutano hwemaziso zvakasiyana nemhando mbiri:
- monolateral;
- alternating.
Maererano nehuwandu hwekuratidzwa, Strabismus ine mafomu maviri:
- nguva dzose;
- periodic.
Zvinyorwa zvechirwere maererano nekona kwekucheka kweziso kubva pakati pepamusoro:
- zvishoma (kusvika kune digirii 5);
- chiedza (6-10 degrees);
- chiyero (11-20 degrees);
- kumusoro (21-36 degrees);
- Yakakura (inopfuura 36 degrees).
Izvo zvinokoshawo kuziva kuti chii chinokonzera kushungurudza vana - izvo zvinokonzera uye kurapwa kwetsotsi kunobatana zvikuru. Kana hutachiona huri mutezo, hunoita kuti musuru ushande. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, ziso rimwe chete rinogara richikanda mhepo, rinenge rakasimba kana rakasimba zvishoma pakufamba. Izvo zvakaoma kurarama nemhando iyi yekushungurudza. Chirwere chechirwere chechirwere chinoratidzirwa nekutsauka kubva pakona yakarurama kwemaziso maviri zvichienderana. Iko rudzi rwekushungurudzika rwakarongerwa muzvikamu zvishoma maererano nezera rinosangana naro mumwana:
- kugara - anenge makore matatu;
- kunyatsosangana - 1-2 years;
- kwete-pokugara - chero nguva ipi zvayo.
Nekutaura kwekunze kunoparadzanisa maitiro akadaro echisimba:
- chenhema (kufungidzira) - kusavapo kwehutano hwe oculomotor;
- rakadzama - iyo asymmetry yevadzidzi inongororwa chete kana rimwe ziso rakavharwa;
- Ichokwadi - dambudziko rinooneka rinooneka.
Divergent strabismus muvana
Rudzi rwakatsanangurwa rwe strabismus kana exotrophy runoratidzika nekutsauka kwevadzidzi kuenda kutemberi. Kuparadzanisa kushungurudzika kweshamwari kune vana kunowanzobatanidzwa pamwe chete nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinoonekwa, kunyanya kutarisa. Nekuora mitezo yomuviri, mudzidzi haafaniri kufamba, kana kuti anoenda zvishoma pamusana pekuvhiringidzwa kwemisungo uye kutya kwekutya.
Shandura kushungurudza kwevana
Nzira inofungidzirwa yehutachiona (esotropia) ndiyo kushandiswa kwevadzidzi kuchibhiriji chemhino. Kugadzirisa kushamwaridzana kwebasa mumwana kunowanikwawo pamwe nezvirwere zvinokonzera kuora kwemaonero anooneka, kunyanya kuonekwa. Mune mhaka yechirema chesotropic strabismus, mudzidzi anogara ari pedo nebhiriji yemhino uye zvisinganyatsofambi.
Vertical strabismus muvana
Pane zvikamu zviviri zvekusiyana kwechirwere ichi:
- hypertropy - ziso rinosimuka kumusoro;
- Nherera - mudzidzi "anowa" pasi.
Iko kunewo mimwe yakasanganiswa yemhando yekushungurudza muvana, apo maitiro akasiyana akataurwa pamusoro apa anosanganiswa. Mhando idzi dzinotevera dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasanganiswa:
- exotrophy ne hypotropy;
- esotropia ne hypertropy.
Kufungidzira kushungurudzika kwevana
Kutsigira chokwadi chekushungurudzika uye kusimbisa zvinonzi kurapwa kunogona kungoita ophthalmologist chete nekubatsirwa kweongororo dzakakosha. Kushungurudza kwenhema kune vana kunowanzofungidzirwa mucheche. Iko mafungiro edzidziro asymmetry anokonzerwa kubva kuhukuru hwegadziriro yegheche mucheche. Mune kona yeziso, vachiri neganda guru, uye mhuno yakakura kwazvo. Pashure pemwedzi mishomanana, mapfupa uye cartilage zvinodzokororwazve, uye chiratidzo checheche chinowedzera.
Kunyange zvakadaro pane chivande chakavanzika kuvana. Iyo inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekusimudzirwa kwemisungo inooneka. Ihwo hunhu hwemhando yakaratidzwa yebhanbismus ibasa rinowanzoitika rwevadzidzi, apo mwana anotarisa nemeso ose. Kuvhiringidza kwekufamba kwavo kunoratidzika chete kana paine chirongwa chakakosha. Kana ziso rimwe rakapfigwa, wechipiri mudzidzi anotsauka kubva kumatanho. Kushungurudzika kwakadaro kwakaoma kuziva rusununguko, saka vabereki vanofanira kugara vachitora vana vavo kuti vadzidze zviitiko zvepamusoro kune ophthalmologist.
Strabismus - zvinokonzera
Pane zvikonzero zviviri zvinokonzera dambudziko iri mubvunzo pazera remakore. Kukurudzira kurapa kwakakosha zvakakosha kuziva zvakakonzera kukura kwehutano. Zvinokonzera kushungurudzika kwevana zvakapatsanurwa kuva mhando dzinotevera (zvinotsanangurwa zvakaderera pasi apa):
- kuberekwa (nhaka) - kusagadzikana kunobva paucheche;
- akawana - chirwere chichatanga mushure megore rimwe.
Congenital strabismus muvana
Vana vacheche ndivo vanoongororwa ne ophthalmologist, kubvunzurudzwa kwekutanga kunowanikwa mumwedzi 1. Muyanzvi anoziva nzira yekuziva sitirobhu mumwana kunyange panguva yakadaro, saka, vanachiremba havafaniri kukanganwa mhemberero. Strabismus inogona kuvapo kubva panguva yekuberekwa, asi zvakaoma kuzviongorora pachako. Zvinokonzera kushungurudza mucheche:
- iro-Louis-Bar syndrome;
- kushungurudzika kwekuberekwa;
- pathology of pregnancy;
- Brown's syndrome;
- fetal hypoxia ;
- kusagadzikana kwekuvandudzwa kwenheyo uye muscular system;
- umbilical cord kupinda pamwe nevamwe.
Akawana kushungurudzwa kwevana
Kana pakaberekwa chiono checheche chakanga chagadziriswa, asi gare gare chakaonekwa chisingaiti, zvakakosha kuwana zvikonzero izvo zvakagumbura kukura kwayo. Mushure mekugumisa kwavo, zviri nyore kururamisa kushungurudza kwevana - izvo zvinokonzera uye kurapwa kwezvirwere zvinotarisana zvakananga kune mumwe nemumwe. Kukanganiswa kunowanikwa kunogona kusimuka pamusana pematambudziko anotevera:
- retin dystrophy ;
- kupona-kuona ;
- cataract;
- kureba;
- kukanganisa kumagumo emagetsi;
- mechanical injuries;
- zvirwere zvinotapukira;
- kushungurudzika kukuru;
- neurosis ;
- zvipembenene zvehutachiona cortex kana pituitary gland;
- kutya ;
- matumbo;
- chirwere chetachiona nevamwe.
Vamwe vabereki vanocherechedza chiitiko chakadai senyoka inoshungurudza mumwana. Kurwisana hakuna kumboonekwa kusinganzwisisiki. Pane chikonzero chokuti hutachiona hwakagadziridzwa, kana kuti kukanganisa kwedzidzidzi kupfurikidza kubva kune imwe nheyo yaive yakagara ishoma. Kurapa yakarurama, zvinokosha kuti uwane zvose zvinongororwa uye uve nechokwadi chekuona kuonekwa kwakanaka.
Nzira yekurapa kushungurudza mumwana?
Kuita kuti chimiro chemuverengi chive chakakosha, zvinokosha kuti uwane maitiro e strabismus, degree uye zvikonzero. Kurapa kwekushungurudzika kwevana kunogadziriswa mumwe nomumwe neophthalmologist. Zvichienderana nemhando yechirwere, kurapa kunogona kusanganisira:
- kupfeka zvishandiso zvinokosha;
- mutezo wemishonga;
- kuita gymnastics yemaziso;
- hardware treatment;
- chirurgical intervention.
Zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa tsvina mumwana here?
Vamwe vabereki vanotenda kuti hazvibviri kudzorera zvakajeka kumwana. Ophthalmologists vanoita zvakanaka kumubvunzo wekuti sitirobism inobatwa nevana. Nzira dzemazuva ano dzokurapa dzinopa mhinduro dzakagadziriswa uye dzakagadzikana. Kunyangwe nekusava nemafungiro ekugadzirisa maitiro ekurapa, zvinokwanisika kuita chirongwa chinogadzirisa strabismus kuvana chero mumamiriro ezvinhu chero ose, kusanganisira kuberekwa uye kuora mitezo yemararamiro, zvisinei zvikonzero zvaro.
Therapy yeanorondedzwa chirwere ndeyekureba uye zvishoma nezvishoma. Inofanira kusarudza an ophthalmologist mushure mekunyatsoongorora. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kwaiva nechirwere chevana mumakumbo - zvikonzero uye kurapwa zvakanyatsobatana. Chirongwa chekutanga chinotora zvikamu zvinotevera:
- Pleoptic. Iyi danho rinodikanwa kuti zvishoma nezvishoma "kuenzanisa" kwekuonekwa kwakanaka mumeso maviri. Utachiona hunosanganisira kuiswa kwemadonhwe anokosha akataurwa neophthalmologist, akapfeka lens rerapa kana magirazi .
- Occlusive. Chinangwa chechikamu chino ndechekuendesa mutoro unoonekwa kubva kune ziso rakanaka kumurwere kuitira kuti "uende" uye uite kuti uite zvakanaka. Akashandura kupfeka, izvo mwana anofanira kupfeka nguva dzose kana imwe nguva. Inovhara ziso rakanaka chete.
- Orthoptic. Mushure mekusimudzirwa kwezvinhu zvinooneka, zvinokosha "kudzidzisa" maziso ekutumira zvakakwana mashoko kuuropi, kusangana mifananidzo yakawanikwa kubva ku 2 retinas mune imwe mifananidzo yakarurama. Maikirwo anoona uye anobudirira emakombiyuta epakombiyuta anoshandiswa.
- Diplomatic. Chikamu chokupedzisira chekurapa, kupa pachena uye nekukurumidzira kwekutarisa, kugadzirisa kwekupedzisira kwezvinhu zvinoonekwa.
Kudzidzira nechisimba muvana
Gymnastics inosarudzwa chete ne ophthalmologist mushure mekuongororwa uye kunyatsoongorora. Kuzvichengetedza sitirobheni kuvana pamba kuburikidza nokurovedza muviri kunogona kuguma zvakashata, kunokonzera kuora uye kusagadzikana kwehutano hwehutano. Mamwe maitiro e-gymnastics ane njodzi yekuita mune mamwe maitiro e-strabismus, saka nzira iyi yekurapa inogona kurongororwa chete nechiremba.
Chirongwa chekugadzira sitirobheni kuvana
Kushandiswa kwekombiyuta inobudirira kunowanikwa munenge mishonga yose yekuchengetedza chirwere. Iyi ndiyo imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa dzekurapa strabismus muvana pasina chirwere. Zvidzidzo zvinoshandiswa nemakombiyuta emakombiyuta zvinobudirira zvinotora nzvimbo dzisina kumboshanda kumba. Migumisiro yakanaka inowanikwa nekukurumidza.
Nzira dzakadai dzerapi dzinofungidzirwa senzira yakachengeteka, nzira yekubvisa kushungurudza kwevana - izvo zvinokonzera uye hutachiona hwehutori zvakagadzirirwa nachiremba, saka dambudziko rekuita kukanganisa harina kubviswa. Makirasi ane zviridzwa zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga vaduku, zvinoshandiswa mune fomu iri kutamba. Mumakiriniki ezuva ranhasi inotevera inoshandiswa:
- Reamed;
- Synoptophore;
- Ambliocor;
- Forbis;
- Musculotrener nemamwe mapurisa.
Kushanda ne strabismus muvana
Kana pasina mishonga inogadzirisa yakabatsira, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunorayirwa. Maererano nehuwandu, iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekugadzirisa tsvina mumwana, iyo inofanirwa 85% yevana vanotambura nechisimba. Kuvhiyiwa kweOphthalmic kunogara kuchibudirira, saka mazuva ano maitiro haasuruvara, zvishoma nezvishoma anopinda uye anopa nguva pfupi yekudzorera. Usati wasarudza chisarudzo chekugadzirisa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti nei kushungurudzwa kwakaitika kune vana - zvikonzero uye kurapwa zvakabatana zvikuru.
Mhando dzose dzekupindira kwekuvhiya dzinoshandiswa mukushandura basa rezvisikwa zvinooneka. Kushandiswa kunogona kuenzaniswa kusimbisa kana kuderedza simba ravo, kururamisa nzira yekufamba. Mushure mokuvhiya, nzvimbo yeziso iri yakasikwa zvachose, uye kurapa kwakachengeteka kunoshandiswa pakuvandudza maitiro ekuona kunoitwa.