Zvechokwadi, munhu wose anoziva kuti inion yakafanana inoratidzika sei. Asi nemhinduro kumubvunzo "chii chinonzi shallot?" Vazhinji vedu tinoona zvakaoma kupindura. Uye zvakadaro huta hunozivikanwa zvikuru munyika yedu uye kune dzimwe nyika. Panharaunda yeUkraine, shallots anozivikanwa se "kuschevka", muhukuru hweRussia se "mhuri", uye pasi pezita rokuti "shallots" vanozviziva muEurope. Pamusoro pekurima shallots kubva kumbeu uye nheyo dzemhando dzekurima uye zvichakurukurwa munyaya yedu.
Mhando dze shallots
Shallot iboka rezvinyorwa zvakawanda zvakasungwa. Kubva pamazuva anowanidza eii, inozivikanwa nekwanisi yekuumba kubva kune imwe amai bhobhi mwanasikana. Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, ma bulbs e shallots ane mavara akasiyana uye maitiro. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye marudzi e shallots:
- Chapaevsky;
- Sprint;
- Kunak;
- Kushchevka Kharkov;
- Albert;
- Aristarko;
- Asterisk;
- Off-season.
Kukura kweva shallots uye kuvatarisira
Kukura kwezvipfeko zvinogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri: kubva kumbeu uye mabhuru. Paunenge uchirima anyanisi (vegetatively), chikamu che shallots chakagadzirwa muvhuvhu, uye chakasimwa mumavambo echinyakare, chave chakatsigira kudyara kwenguva yakati mumvura inodziya. Pamusana pokudyara, zviduku zvishoma (kusvika kusvika 4 cm muupamhi) zvinosarudzwa uye zvinomanikidzwa kupinda pasi nenzira yakangoita kuti mutsipa ugare pasi. Kudyara shallots kunoitwa maererano nechirongwa 10 * 20: 10 cm pakati pebhubhu ne20 cm pakati pemitsara.
Kubva kumbeu, shallots inokura sezvinotevera: vanodyara mbeu mu grooves anenge 3 cm yakadzika, vachizvitsigira mberi kwemaawa makumi maviri muhomwe yegasize yakanyorova mumvura. Mushure mokudyara mbeu dzekudyara dzinofanira kutumirwa ne compost kana peat.
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kukura shallots vegetatively kunonyanya kuve nyore uye kubudirira, sezvo huta hunoonekwa zvakanyanyisa, uye mbeu kazhinji hadzina nguva yokubvarura. Bhedha reSarlotti inofanira kusarudzwa panzvimbo yakajeka nevhu risina kusimba uye rakaorera. Izvo zvakanakisisa zvigadziriswa zve shallot zvichava magorosi: peza, nyemba, nyemba, uye muvakidzani wakabudirira - karoti . Panzvimbo yakasarudzwa, bhedha rinoputika rinogona kuiswa kamwechete kamwe kamwe kwemakore mana kuti ichengete mitemo yekushandura mbeu.
Basics of agronomy of shallots
Sezvo tataura nezvekudyara shallots, ngatitangei kuti tifunge sei. Kuchengetera iyi huta kunosanganisira mabasa ose anowanzoitwa: weeding, kudiridza, kusunungura ivhu. Kunwisa anyezi kunokosha kana zvichidiwa, kuitira kuti ivhu rive rakanyoroveswa, asi risati razadzwa. Mavhiki mana isati yatemwa mbeu, kumwaira kunofanira kumira.
Mukuwedzera kumvura, shallots inodawo kuwedzera, kunyanya kana yakasimwa pavhu risina kubereka. Edzai mushure mokukura mashizha, muchiisa pasi pasi nitrogen fertilizing: urea, slurry. Mumazuva ekuumbwa kwe shallots, zvinokwanisika kudyidzana nekujova potash fertilizer muvhu.
Kuti uwane mabhuru makuru, pakati pezhizha, chikamu cheeiii kubva mudendere chibviswa, zvichisiya chete yakakura (5-6 zvidimbu). Ita izvi nenzira iyi: zvinyoro zvishoma pasi uye ubudise mairi zviduku zviduku zvine peni. Mukuwedzera pakukura kunze, shallots yakakodzera uye yekudyara
Shallots - zvirwere nezvirwere
Kwemazuva mazhinji ekutonhora uye kunaya kwemvura, shallots inogona kutambura nezvirwere zvefungal: peronosporosa uye kuora kwemirasi. Kuti kudzivirira chirwere chisakanganise mubhedha rose, mbeu dzakasvibiswa dzinofanira kubviswa uye mabhedha anobatwa neantifungal agents. Kurwisa neeiii inobhururuka nemadota, uye kubva kune honye mumashizha, shallots inogona kuponeswa uchishandisa mhinduro yemunyu (1 girazi remunyu pa 1 ibhodhi yemvura).