Mysticism iripo muzvitendero zvose zvenyika, dzidziso dzefilosofi. Kufunga kwevanhu vekare kwaive kwakabatana nekudzivirirwa kwemasimba ezvisikwa uye kubatana navo. Nekuwedzerwa kwezivo, vanhu vave vakajeka, asi kutenda mune mufambiro waMwari hakugoni kuchinjwa.
Chii chinonzi mysticism chinorevei?
Izwi rezwi rokuti mysticism rinobva mukare rechiGiriki μυστικός - chisingazivikanwi - maonero anokosha enyika uye maonero zvichienderana nemafungiro akajeka, pfungwa uye manzwiro. Intuition inobata basa rinokosha nenzira inoshamisa yekuziva nyika, chinhu chaicho chakavanzika. Izvo zvisiri pasi pemafungiro uye chikonzero zvinonzwisisika nekufunga kusina musoro, zvichibva pamanzwiro. Mysticism semadzidziso inobatana zvikuru nefilosofi uye zvitendero.
Mysticism in Philosophy
Mysticism muzivi ndeyezvino yakabva muzana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe. muEurope. O. Spengler (German historiosophist) akabudisa zvikonzero zviviri nei vanhu vakava nehanya nekunze-nzira dzechechi yekuziva ivo pachavo uye naMwari:
- dambudziko reEurope tsika, yakaneta pachayo;
- kukura nokukurumidza kwekudyidzana kwetsika pakati peWest uye neEast, nyika yeEastern yekunze kwaive kufananidzwa kwevaEurope vanoda kutsva "chiratidzo chitsva."
Mafirosofi maonero angu - sekusanganiswa kwechiKristu chetsika uye tsika dzekumabvazuva-kunotungamirirwa nekufamba kwevanhu kune Mwari uye kubatana neA Absolute (Cosmic Consciousness, Brahman, Shiva), anoongorora zvinoreva zvese zvinoreva kune vanhu vose: kuva, upenyu hwakarurama, mufaro. MuRussia, mafirosofi mafungiro akaitwa muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa:
- Theosophy - E.A. Blavatsky.
- Kurarama Maitiro - A.K. E uye A.A. The Roerichs.
- Russia runyengeri (rakabva paZen Buddhism) - G.I. Gurdjieff.
- Dzidziso yezvakaitika kare (Christian and Vedic ideas) - D.L. Andreev.
- Ifiyofilosofi filosofi yeSolovyov (chiitiko chefilosofi weGnostic Soul ye World - Sophia).
Jung uye Psychology of Mysticism
Karl Gustav Jung, mumwe wepfungwa dzepfungwa dzeSwitzerland, mumwe wepfungwa dzakawanda dzakakakavara uye dzinofadza dzepanguva yake, mudzidzi waZ. Freud, muvambi wekuongorora kwepfungwa , akazarura pfungwa ye "kusanzwisisa pamwe" kunyika. Anofungidzirwa sechinhu chinoshamisa kunze kwechiremba wepfungwa. Kufadza kwezvakaitika muna K. Jung kwakatanga nezera remakore uye rakaperekedza hupenyu hwake hwose. Zvakakosha kuti madzitateguru emupfungwa, akati - ane simba risina simba: vakanzwa uye vakaona mweya.
Jung akasiyana nedzimwe nyanzvi dzepfungwa mune kuti aivimba kuti akanga asingazivi uye iye pachake aiva muongorori wake. Muongorori wepfungwa akaedza kuwana hukama pakati pezvakavanzika uye chaiye, kuitira kuti atsanangure zvisinganzwisisiki zviitiko zve psyche-zvose izvi zvaaifunga kuti zvinonyatsoziva. Kuswedera kusinganzwisisiki, Mwari kuburikidza nechiitiko chinoshamisa (kubatanidza) - kubva pakuona kweK. Jung akabatsira munhu anotambura neurosis kuti awane kuvimbika uye anokurudzira kuporesa kwepfungwa yekudzivirira.
Mysticism muBuddhism
Mysticism muBuddhism inoratidzika semunhu chaiye wepasi rose. Zvose-kubva kune zvinhu munyika ino, kune vanhu uye kunyange vamwari-vanogara mu Divine Base, uye kunze kwayo hakugoni kuvapo. Munhu, kuti awirirane neA Absolute, pakutanga, kuburikidza nemitambo yezvokunamata - kutsvaka kuwana ruzivo rwezvakaitika, kujekesa uye kuona "I" yake isingaparadzaniswa kubva kuna Divine. Maererano neBuddhist - iyi i "gadziro remvura", "kushambira kune rimwe divi, kuputsa ikozvino uye kuparara mukusava." Iyo nzira yekubatana inobva pamamiriro matatu:
- kukunda pfungwa yekuona: (kucheneswa kwekunzwa, kuona, kunwa, kunhuwa, kubata);
- kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvekuvapo kwemuviri (Buddha yakaramba kuti kune muviri);
- kusvika pahuMwari.
Mysticism muchiKristu
Orthodox mysticism inobatana zvikuru nemunhu waKristu uye inopa kukosha kukuru kududziro yemagwaro ebhaibheri. Basa guru rinopiwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzezvitendero, pasina izvo zvakaoma kuti munhu aswedere pedyo naMwari. Kubatana naKristu ndiyo chinangwa chokuvapo kwevanhu. Nhema dzechiKristu dzekunzwisiswa kwerudo rwaMwari dzakatsvaga kuchinja ("deification"), nokuda kweizvi, muKristu wega wega wega unofanirwa kupinda mumatanho mazhinji:
- kunatswa ("kukanganisa" kwenyama) - kutsanya, kuzvidzora, minyengetero pane imwe nguva, tsitsi kune kutambura;
- kujekeswa - kunzwisisa kweMagwaro Matsvene ne chokwadi zvakavanzwa mukuratidzwa kwechisikigo;
- Kubatana (Kuongorora) - ruzivo rwemoyo werudo rwaMwari: "Mwari rudo, ani nani anoda, anogara muna Mwari, uye Mwari maari."
Mafungiro echechi kuenda kune zvechiKristu chekufungidzira nguva dzose ave asina kunyanya kutaura, kunyanya munguva yeChechi yeKutsvaga. Munhu uyo akaponeswa ruzivo rwaMwari rwezvakananga aigona kuva muhedheni kana zviitiko zvake zvepamweya zvakanga zvakasiyana nedzidziso yekereke inogamuchirwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichocho, vanhu vaibata mavhenekeri avo, uye izvi zvakamisa kusaziva kwechiKristu mune humwe huri kubudirira.
Mysticism senzira yekuziva
Mysticism uye mysticism ndiyo pfungwa dzinotaurirwa kune munhu uyo akasangana nemusingazivikanwi, wakadarika uye uyo akasarudza kutanga kudzidza nyika ino nenzira isingafungiri, kuvimba nemanzwiro ake uye intuition. Nzira yezvakavanzika ndeyekusarudzwa kwetsika dzepamweya, uye mune dzidzo yekufunga kwemafungiro:
- kutenda kwakadzika mumitambo, hurongwa, humwe hukuru;
- ukama huri mukati nekunze, neenjodzi, vamwe vanhu;
- Vimba iwe pachako: humwe ruzivo rwomunhu hunokosha kupfuura rwakanyorwa mumabhuku;
- kuva pano uye zvino;
- bvunza zvose;
- tsika dzepamweya uye kufungisisa, maitiro ekufema - zvishandiso panzira yekufungidzira yekucherechedza.
Mysticism and Occultism
Zvinyorwa nemashiripiti zvakanyatsobatana, kana zvishamiso zvakasarudza kuzvipira kune masayenzi emashiripiti. Mysticism inofungisisa zvikuru uye kugamuchirwa, uye zvemashiripiti ibasa rinobatsira iro rinoshandisa nzira dzemashiripiti yekukurudzira nyika. Masayenzi emashiripiti akafukidzirwa nechifukidzo chechakavanzika uye anoratidza rumwe rudzi rwekuvigwa kwepachivande muchitendero mumasangano akapfigwa. Masangano anozivikanwa zvikuru kune anofarira:
- "Mutemo weRose neMuchinjikwa" (Rosicrucians) - wakagadzwa muna 1600;
- "Golden Dawn" - urongwa hwemashiripiti hwezana remakore XIX;
- Masonic grand lodges. MaMasoni kana kuti "freemasons" anotendeukira kuna Mwari se "Muumbi Mukuru Wezvisikwa".
Modern mysticism
Mysticism nesayenzi inowanzobatanidza pfungwa yakafanana, asi kana musayendisiti anokwanisa kusimbisa "mazano" ake mune chinangwa chinoratidzika, ipapo zvinyorwa zvinoreva unhu hwake hwekutonga husingagoni kuonekwa kana kugunzwa. Izvi ndizvo zvinopesana pakati peSayenzi nemanzwiro. Mazuva ano zvinyorwa zvese zvinowanikwa pamafungiro emafungiro, ayo mazana emakore akapfuura apfuura, asi anova zvinhu zvinowanikwa mune zvekutengesa, achitarisa zvinodiwa nevanhu. Pasina kubva pamba, munhu anogona "kupfuura nepamuviri", "kutora mweya wemunhu", "pfuma".