Vanhu vanocherechedza vanounza ruzivo rukuru kunyika iyo pavanogovera maonero avo zvichienderana nezvinoonekwa. Mitemo yepasi rose inogona kushandiswa mumativi ose ehupenyu anobatsira munhu kuti awane migumisiro yakanaka mumabasa ega ega uye ehurumende. Mumwe mutemo wakadaro mutemo wePareto.
Pareto, kana chirevo 20/80
Mutemo wePareto unotumidzwa nemutungamiri wenyika yeItaly-economist Wilhelm Pareto. Musayendisiti akabatanidzwa mune zvidzidzo zvekuyerera kwekubhadhara mari mumasangano uye mabasa ekugadzirwa. Somugumisiro, akawana mararamiro akazara, anoratidzwa mumutemo wePareto, uyo wakagadzirwa mushure mekufa kwesayenzi neAmerican muongorori wemhando Joseph Jurano muna 1941.
Murairo waWilhelm Pareto inzira yakagadzirisa ye 20/80, umo 20% inoshandiswa kushanda mubasa rakasarudzwa, zvichipa 80% zvegumisiro. Kunyange zvazvo 80 muzana yezvakaedza ndeye 20% chete. Pareto equilibrium yakaumbwa pamusana pebasa rake pa "Dzidziso yeElites" uye yakaratidzwa mumitemo yaakaisa:
- Kupararira kwemari yemari munharaunda: 80% yehuwandu huwandu hunoiswa mukutonga elite (elite), 20% inosara inoparidzirwa munharaunda.
- 20% chete emabhizimisi emakambani anogamuchira 80% emari yavo inobatsira uye inobudirira.
Pareto principle - nguva yekugadzirisa
Kubudirira kwomunhu kunoenderana nezvimwe zvinhu, asi kushandiswa kwekuchenjera kwenguva ndeimwe yezvakakosha uye nguva dzinokosha. Mutemo wePareto munguva yekugadzirira unobatsira nechekuita nesimba kuti uwane migumisiro inofadza uye kutora masimba ekukosha kwehupenyu. Pareto zvakakosha munguva yekutonga kwenguva ichaita seiyi:
- 20% chete yemabasa ose akapera achapa 80% zvegumisiro;
- Kuti usarudze mabasa aya anokosha anozoita kuti 80% "kupera", zvakakosha kuita urongwa hwemhosva uye kuitarisa nenzira yakakosha pamatanho gumi-10, apo 10 icharatidza kukosha kwebasa racho, uye 0-1 inokosha zvakanyanya.
- Mimwe yakafanana mabasa inotanga kuita neyo inoda mari shoma.
Mutemo wePareto muupenyu
Muzviitiko zvezuva nezuva, zvakawanda zvezviitiko zvemuitiro uye 20% chete avo vanonyatsogadzirisa simba remanzwi evanhu, kupa zviitiko zvinobatsira nekuunza hubudiriro. Kuziva kwehupenyu hwehupenyu: kubatana nevanhu, nzvimbo inopoteredza, zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinokonzera - zvichabatsira kufungisisa uye kuparadzanisa zvisingakoshi kana kuti kuderedza zvinhu zvose zvinobvisa simba nenguva. I Pareto chinangwa muupenyu:
- Kuzvidzivirira - nguva yakawanda yenguva yekuzvipira kunekuvandudzika kweunyanzvi hunoita kuti 80% vabatsirwe.
- Zvakawanikwa - 20% yevatengi vanounza mari yakawanda yakagadzikana, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuvapa hanya uye kugadzirisa zvavanoda.
- Nzvimbo yeimba-iyo Pareto inokonzerwa ndeyekuti munhu anoshandisa 20% chete yezvinhu zviri mumba, vamwe vose vari kuputika muimba yepamusoro kana nguva dzose zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingakoshi zviri kutengwa zviri kuunganidza nzvimbo. Kuronga kutenga, vanhu vanopedza nguva shoma pakushumira zvinhu izvi.
- Mari - Kudzora kunobatsira kuverenga zvinorevei 20% zvezvinhu, zvishandiso zvinopedza 80% yemari uye inotarisa kuti unogona kuchengetedza kupi.
- Ushamwari - pakati pehama, shamwari, vashandi pamwe chete, pane vaya vane 20% yevanhu vane hukama hwekukurukurirana .
Pareto Principle muEconomics
Kubudirira kana Pareto Optimum muhurongwa hwehupfumi ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kukosha zvehupfumi hwemazuva ano uye ine mhedziso yakagadzirirwa naPareto kuti hupenyu hwevanhu hunosimbiswa mune zvehupfumi apo hakuna munhu anogona kugadzirisa mamiriro avo ezvinhu pasina kuwedzera hupenyu hwevamwe. Pareto - iyo yakakwana yemari inogamuchirwa chete kana mitemo yakakodzera ichisangana:
- Zvikomborero pakati pevatengi zvakagoverwa maererano nekugutsikana kukuru kwezvavanoda (mukati mehutano hwevanhu vanogona kubhadhara).
- Zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa pakati pekugadzirwa kwezvinhu mumutengo wavanoshandiswa nawo zvakajeka sezvinobvira.
- Zvigadzirwa zvinobudiswa nebhizimisi zvinofanira kushandisa zvakakwana zvishandiso zvakapiwa.
Pareto Principle mu Management
Mutemo wekuparidzirwa kwePareto unoshandawo muhutungamiri. Mune makambani makuru ane vashandi vazhinji, zviri nyore kuita basa rekuonekwa pane zviduku duku, apo munhu wose ari kuona. Vaya 20% yevashandi vanokoshesa mabasa avo, vanoedza kuita basa - kuunza 80% yemari yavo yekugadzira. Nyanzvi dzevashandi dzakagara dzatora Pareto tsika uye dzinoderedza vashandi vasina basa, dzichichengetedza mari yekambani, asi kazhinji ichi chikonzero chinomanikidzi chinoshanda kuvashandi vanokosha apo kambani inosangana nedambudziko rekugadzira.
Pareto Principle mu Sales
Mutemo wePareto mukutengesa ndeimwe yezvinokosha. Mupi webhizimisi, mukuru wevatengesi vepari ari kuedza kuziva zvikamu zvinoshanda zve 20% zvezviito, mamiriro, shamwari, zvigadzirwa, izvo zvichaita kutengesa, kutengesa kusvika pahupamhi. Vakabudirira vevanamabhizimisi vakazivisa zvinotevera Pareto maitiro:
- 20% yenguva inoshandiswa mubato rekutengeserana - 80% yemabasa;
- 80% yekutengesa inopiwa ne 20% chete yevatungamiri kana vatengesi;
- Kubva kumarudzi ose emiti, 20% chete inobereka shato 80% yemari;
- Vatengi vanowanzogadziriswa kana vatengi, izvi ndezvi 20% zvinounza makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu emari kubva kumatare kana kubudisa.
Pareto in principle in logistics
Nzira yePareto mu logistics yakaratidza kubudirira kwayo munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi kazhinji inogona kutarirwa se: kutarisa kunotarisa 10% - 20% yezvakakosha zvigaro, vatengesi nevatengi mupa inopa 80% yekubudirira nechingadhura mari. Nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa iyo Pareto inoshandiswa:
- kutumirwa-kutakurwa, kutakura zvinhu;
- Kuchengeta kuwanda kwekutengeswa kwemazera;
- optimization of production;
- kushanda zvakanaka kwezvinhu mumakamuri ekutengesa kana matura;
- mutengi kuongorora.
Chii chinobatsira kuziva Pareto chati?
Pareto'sory inogona kuratidzwa mumhando mbiri yemifananidzo, iyo, sechiridzwa, inoshandiswa mune zvezvemari, mabhizinesi, uye teknolojia mumagetsi:
- Pareto's performance graph - inobatsira kuziva matambudziko makuru nemigumisiro isina kunaka
- Pareto chati nokuda kwezvikonzero ndezvokuparadzaniswa kwezvikonzero zvinokonzera matambudziko mumakore emabasa.
Nzira yekuvaka sei Pareto chati?
Ikopa yePareto iri nyore kushandisa, asi inokubvumira kuwana kuongororwa kwemabasa uye kuita zvisarudzo kuti ubvise matanho asingabatsiri. Kuvaka chati iri maererano nemitemo:
- Kusarudzwa kwedambudziko, rinofanira kunyatsoongororwa.
- Gadzirira chimiro chekugadzira deta
- Mukuronga kwekuderedza kukosha, sarudza dare rakagamuchirwa pane dambudziko riri kuongororwa.
- Kugadzirira nheyo ye chati. Kune rumwe rutivi rworuboshwe rwehurumende, nhamba yezvinhu zvakadzidzwa (somuenzaniso kubva ku 1-10), apo chikamu chepamusoro chechiyero chinokwana nhamba yezvinetso, chakasarudzwa. Izvozvo zvakakosha yeis ordinate chikamu chinobva pa10 - 100% - chiratidzo chepakati yezviyero zvezvinetso kana zviratidzo zvisina kunaka. Ikosi yekambisi inoparadzaniswa zvikaenderana nhamba yezvinhu zvakadzidzwa.
- Kuratidza mufananidzo. Kureba kwemakoroni kuruboshwe-kurukero hunoenzana nehuwandu hwekuratidzwa kwezvinetso zvekutonga, uye mapuranga anovakwa nenzira yekuderedza kukosha kwezvinhu.
- Pureto yemakona yakavakwa pachishandiswa mufananidzo - uyu mutsara wakaputsika unobatanidza huwandu hwemashoko akaiswa pamusoro pekoroni inobatana, yakatarisana kurudyi rwayo.
- Iko kunyoreswa kwapinda mumufananidzo.
- Kuongorora kwePareto diagram.
Muenzaniso wemufananidzo unoratidza Pareto kusina kufanana uye kuratidza kuti zvipi zvinobatsira zvikuru: