Kunaka kwakanaka uye kunhuhwirira kunofadza ichinyakare chine maruva emvura, iyo yakatanga kuwanikwa muSouth Africa. Pakati pevanhu, tinozivawo rimwe zita rokuti "Cape lily of the valley". Miti yacho inogona kubudirira kukura muvhu rakavhurwa uye kumba, kunyanya kukosha, kutevera mitemo iripo uye maitiro.
Freesia tsanangudzo
Ikusingaperi maruva tsika ine zvinhu zvinotevera:
- Bhobho inogona kunge yakavharidzirwa kana kuti ichitinhira, uye pamusoro payo yakafukidzwa nemavhidhiyo emuchena kana mavara machena. Mushure memakore maviri vanofa uye vana vanoonekwa panzvimbo ino.
- Miti yacho ine mashizha mashoma akakura ari kukura kubva pasi. Kureba kwayo ndeyema15-20 cm, uye upamhi inenge masendimita 1. Pamasvizha emasvibirima, mukati memaini inoonekwa.
- Iyo tsvina yakaonda inosvika kureba 20-70 cm, uye dzimwe nzira dzakasvibiswa dzimwe nguva dzinosvika kusvika 1 m. Pamusoro, tsvuku yacho yakawanda kwazvo.
- Vakawanda vanofarira apo freesia inotumbuka, uye naizvozvo izvi zvinouya mumwedzi 3-4. mushure mokumuka mababu. Spicate inflorescences vanosanganisira 3-6 buds. Chimiro chemaruva iyi mutsara wakamanikana unopatsanurwa mumakumbo. Inogona kuva mumvuri, somuenzaniso, kamuki, lilac, pink, tsvuku, bhuruu, ruvara rwepepuru.
- Mushure mokumesa, mbeu dzepukisi dzinotanga kukura, dzine zvinhu zvitatu. Mbeu dzomukati mutsvuku dzinoramba dzichiri kumera gore rose.
Mhando dze freesia
Kune mhando dzakawanda dze freesias uye pakati pezvisarudzo zvakakurumbira zvinogona kuonekwa seizvi:
- Freesia terry. Iyi iboka rose remaruva, iro rinoratidzwa nemaruva emvura. Nhengo dzepamusoro uye dzakapoteredza dziri mumitsara yakawanda, saka izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvinonziwo shrub freesia rose. Ruvara rweruva rinogona kuva rimwe- uye maviri-ruvara. Mifananidzo yakatsvuka, bhuruu, yero, cream uye violet predominate.
- Freesia yakachena. Icho chikwata chemaitiro ake chinosvika pakusvika kwemasendimita makumi mana emasere. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana: "Alba" uye zvinonhuwira.
- Freesia tsvuku. Zvimwe zvakasiyana nemaruva matsvuku - "Kadhidheni". Iyi maruva inonzi freesia iri nyore uye isiri-marble, uye kukwirira kwayo kunosvika masendimita 70. Mabhuru anounza matatu peduncles, kureba kwayo kunosvika masendimita 35. Danda rinogona kuva kubva 9 kusvika ku11 buds. Pamusoro pemashizha matsvuku pane mavara matsvuku.
- Freesia Mix. Izvi hazvisi zvakasiyana-siyana, asi musanganiswa wezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine marefu akaenzana kuti aumbe zvakakosha. Ruvara runogona kuve yakasiyana, saka "Mix" ichaita zvakanaka pane zvivanze zvepachivande.
Freesia inomera kumba
Kana chiri chimiro chisina kusimba kuti chibudirire zvakanaka uye chine maruva, zvakakosha kusika mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kwazvo uye kupa kutarisira kwakakodzera.
- Nekukosha kukuru kunotanga kwemaawa gumi nemaviri, saka iwe uchawedzera kuwedzera phytolamp sechibatsiro chekubatsira. Zviri nani kuisa freesia pawindo rezasi kumaodzanyemba, asi zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza maruva kubva kunezuva.
- Tsanangudzo freesia inoratidza kuti mushure mekuuya, mhepo inopisa inofanira kunge iri pa20 ° C, uye mushure mevhiki, kana kugadzika kwaiva muchando, inogona kuderedzwa nehafu. Mune dzimwe nguva, zviratidzo zvinoramba zvisingachinji. Kuchinja kwekushisa kwakakomba kunogona kukanganisa maruva.
- Zvakakosha kubhadhara kunaka kwevhu uye pano kune zvingasarudzwa zviviri: kutenga ivhu kana kuzviita iwe pachako. Muchiitiko chekutanga, substrate yemiti inobhururuka yakakodzera, uye muchipiri, shandisa musanganiswa: 2 zvikamu zve peat, 1/2 chikamu chejecha uye chikamu chemuti wevhu, uyewo kuisa pfupa guru remapfupa uye madota.
Freesia muhari - kudyara
Nokukura mumusha, unogona kushandisa zvingasarudzwa zviviri:
- Kudyara mbeu. Kudyara zvinhu zvinofanira kuchengetwa musingakwanisi kugadzirisa potassium permanganate kwemaawa makumi maviri nemaviri kuitira kuti utange kupora. Dyara mbeu mumudziyo uzere nevhuvhuti yemvura yakasviba kana ivhu rakagadzirirwa rakagadzirirwa. Pamusoro nefirimu kana girazi kuti zvigadzire matema. Ventilate iwo kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Mushure memasvondo 3-4, mashizha achaonekwa. Usakanganwa kunwa uye kusunungura zvishoma pasi. Zuva rega rega rinokurudzirwa kuti rive rakapfeka kupfeka ne potassium uye phosphorus. Apo inomera inokura, pfumo muhari yakasiyana.
- Kudyara mababu. Kuziva kudyara freesia nemababu, unogona kuwana maruva akanaka mazororo akasiyana. Kana iwe uchida kunakidzwa nerunako rweNyika Idzva, ipapo kuenderera kunofanira kuitika kutanga kweSeptember. Kuti uwane maruva e Freesia kweZuva raValentine, wozodyara mangwanani ekutanga kwaOctober, uye pamagumo emwedzi uno unotanga kukura maruva mumazuva ekupedzisira eOctober. Sarudza bulbs yekutanga uye yechipiri kuparadzanisa. Usati wadyara, nyorai muine reminfectant solution, somuenzaniso, mu boric acid (0.01 g ne 1 mvura), uye mushure mekushambidza pasi pemvura inoyerera. Bhoti dzekudyara dzinofanira kunge dzakadzika kusvika pamasendimita makumi matatu. zvichienderana nehukuru. Pasi painoisa ivhu, rakavhenganiswa nemhuni, ndokuzadza ivhu. Pakati pebhuru rinofanira kuva masendimita mashanu uye pamakiromita akafanana iwe unoda kuvadzikisa muvhu. Poto yakaiswa mukamuri umo kutonhora kune 15 ° C.
Freesia - kutarisira musha
Kuti muti uve nehutu hwakanaka, zvinokosha kushandisa magetsi ekuwedzera kana zuva rekupedzisira riri pfupi, kureva, mukutenga uye munguva yechando. Paunenge uchikura freesia pamba, zvakakosha kushandisa pedestals peduncles. Mvura iyo imwe neimwe zuva rimwe uye nepamwero. Tsvina mabwenzi periodically. Zvakakosha kuchengeta kutonhora uye kuva nechokwadi chekuita manyowa.
Freesia - kupfeka kwepamusoro
Miti yacho inoita zvakanakisisa kumvura inoswa mvura, asi haibvumiri miviri yakaoma. Mutsanangudzo yemaruva e freesia, zvinoratidzirwa kuti zvakakosha kutanga kudya pakarepo mushure mokunge maruva aonekwa. Mune nguva yekukura kushingaira, kuumbwa kwemafuta uye maruva, zvakaoma mineral fertilizer zvinodiwa. Mukuwedzera, panguva yekukura kwekushanda, nitrogen fertilization inogona kuitwa, uye phosphorus uye potassium panguva yekufamba. Freesia inomera masvondo maviri nemiti yekudiridza.
Freesia mubindu
Kuti uwedzere kubudirira, unofanirwa kusarudza nzvimbo yakarurama uye zviri nani kupa zvaunofarira kumativi akadzika-shaded anochengetedzwa kubva kumhepo. Bindu freesia richakura zvakanaka uye rinobudirira muvhu rakaorera uye rinopisa. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kushandisa mutezo wakaora kana humus. Zvakakosha kuti ivhu haritauriri uye kuderedza asidi, kuwedzera hupfu hwe dolomite kumunda.
Kudyara freesia mubindu
Sezvakangoitika kumusha-wakakura, unogona kushandisa zvose zviri zviviri uye mbeu. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ungadyara freesia sei muchero musango:
- Bulbs. Zvinhu zvakasimwa zvinofanira kunge zvisati zvadyarwa, saka kwemwedzi miviri inodyarwa pasi pasi nekupisa kwe 8-10 ° C. Kuenda munzvimbo yakazaruka kunoitwa pakati-kumagumo aMay, kana pasina ngozi yechando. Zvinokosha kutarisa kuti pakati pevarbs kana michero yaive kure nemamita 3-5 cm, inofanira kunge yakadzama 3-6 cm.
- Mbeu. Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvekudyara zvinoshandiswa kazhinji uye nekusimudzirwa kwembeu hazvidiwi. Kuti uwane ruvara rurefu, kudyara kunowanikwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana panguva dzenguva dzemazuva 15-20, kubva paApril kusvika June. Yokutanga, mbeu dzinofanira kukura mumucheka wakasviba kana mujecha. Vanofanira kunge vari murima uye vave nechokwadi chekuperesa. Apo mashizha maviri okutanga akaumbwa, ipapo kusarudza kunoitwa pamibhedha. Pakati pemaruva inofanira kuva 4-5 cm, uye pakati pemiganhu ye 10-15 cm.
Nguva yekudyara freesia muvhu?
Imwe yenzira inokosha zvikuru inofanirwa kuonekwa kana iwe uchidyara simiti panze ndiyo hutongi hwehurumende. Kuwana nzira yekudyara freesia nenzira yakarurama, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti inouya kubva kunzvimbo inotonhora, saka zvakakosha kumirira kusvikira pasi rapera zvakanaka. Kudyara maruva kunoitwa apo inopisa mumhepo haigoni kuwira pasi pe15 ° C.
Freesia - kukura uye kutarisira munzvimbo yakazaruka
Pane mitemo yakawanda pamusoro pekuchengetedza kwakakodzera kwaunofanira kuziva:
- Kunwisa. Nokuda kwekurima kwakanaka kwe freesia, zvinokosha kufunga kuti maruva haadi kuoma, asi mvura yakawandisa yemutsika haina kunaka. Mvura iyo pasi pemudzi, uye ita izvi zviri nani usati wadya, kuitira kuti mashizha aome.
- Support. Duva re freesia rakakwirira uye haigone kudziviswa. Zviri nani kushandisa gridhi iyi.
- Top dressing. Muchikamu chekuonekwa kwekutanga pepa, mushonga unoshandiswa - ammonium nitrate . Apo chirimwa chacho chakasimwa pane nzvimbo inogara ichikura, zvinodiwa kuti uite fertilizing ne potassium uye phosphorus fertilizer kaviri pamwedzi.
Freesia munguva yechando - kutarisira kwakanyanya
Pakati pevhu, mashizha anotanga kusvibira uye izvi zvinoratidza kuti unoda kutanga kuchichera. Bhubhu yakachena kubva kumusoro-pasi inobhururuka, kubvisa tsvina uye zviyero, wozoomisa kwemazuva 3-4 pane kutonhora kwema25 ° C. Kuti uone kubuda kwema freesia gore rinouya, kuchengetwa kwebhubhu munguva yechando zvinoreva kuchengeta mudzimba inotonhora, uye kwete muchitsime chepasi, sezvinodiwa nemamwe maruva mbeu.