Zvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvakasiyana zvakasiyana, sezvinogona kuonekwa nekushanyira makona akasiyana-siyana enyika yedu yakakura kana kuraira mazendo kune dzimwe nyika. Zvinonakidza kutarisa boka rakasiyana rezvirimwa, izvo zvakasiyana nemiti iyo yatakagara tichiona zuva nezuva - lichens. Izvi panguva imwe chete zvakapararira zvisikwa, uye panguva imwechete, vamiririri varo havagoni kudanwa kunowanikwa. Saka, ngationei kuti rinchensi dzinokura.
Iko rinowedzera kupi?
Licheni inonzi boka rezvisikwa zvipenyu, izvo zviri sangano refungi nevargae vanorarama semunhu mumwe chete. Muzvisikwa, kune zvingasvika zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri zvemarudzi avo, pakati peizvi zvinotevera zvinoratidzika:
- Epilithic, kukura pazvivako zvematombo;
- epigene, nzvimbo yavo - ivhu (rakadai seIcelandic moss );
- epiphytic, miti yakafukidza miti.
Lichens inogona kuwanika kwose kwose mumamiriro ezvinhu emusango - inokura kumakondani ose, kwete kubvisa Antarctica. Zvinotoshamisa kuti kunyange munyika dzisina kubhururuka dzeArctic, iyi mhando yakasiyana-siyana inowanikwa. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo mazai machena anowedzera. Kune kutonhora kwakadzika, anenge asina mvura, asi ruvara rwakadaro runobatsira muviri kuwana miviri yezuva yakabudiswa muhuwandu hwehuwandu. Zvakanaka, mutezi wekutsva unotora mvura kubva kune chando chakanyunguduka muzuva. Kwenguva yakareba, mazhenya akaramba ari chishamiso kune masayendisiti. Muzvokwadi, kusvikira ikozvino mune yesayenzi pane imwe pfungwa yekuona kuti pane rakasviba - mumiriri weumambo hwewayo mushroom kana umambo hwezvirimwa.
Nzvimbo yekukura, iyo yakasviba yakakura, ndeyokutanga, isina mabwe, miti uye ivhu. Uyezve, chichena chinonzwa chakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma eNorth, mumatare, makomo marefu, uye munzvimbo dzinotyisa dzenyika dzinotyisa. Kuva mutsika usingaremekedzi, yakasvibiswa inogara kumusoro mumakomo uye kune varombo nyika. Muchiitiko ichi, lichens, pakupedzisira kuparadza nzvimbo yepamusoro yevhu rakaoma, nekufa kwemvura ye humus iyo inokudzazve dzimwe mbeu. Nenzira, lichens inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, somuenzaniso, kukura kwegagel kunongova 2-3 mm chete pagore.
Munyaya iyi, nzvimbo ye lichens haigoni kudanwa nenzvimbo dzakawanda dzevanhu vakawanda, kunyanya nemabhizimisi akabudirira. Zvikonzero zvinoita kuti lichens isakure mumaguta zvinonzwisisika. Mhepo mumaguta yakasvibiswa, iyo yakasviba inenge isina kugamuchirwa. Ichokwadi ndeyekuti, kune vamiririri vazhinji vezvinyuchi zvakakosha mumamiriro ekukwirira kwepamhepo mumhepo. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti nzvimbo yemuguta haigoni kuwana manyepo zvachose. Hazvikure munzvimbo dzakashambadzirwa, uye kunze kwekunge munhu anogona kuwana matanda emiti akavharwa nematombo emarudzi aya ezvisikwa.
Chii chinonzi lichens chiri kukura muRussia?
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehukira dzinokura munharaunda huru yeRussian Federation. Munyika yePermruce, zvinokwanisika kuona mavheti akachena evanhu vane chireve-bhedha vachiburukira mubazi. Painoshanyira musango wepaini, hazvisi zvisizvo kuwana zvikamu zvakakwana mumhando yechitsvuku pasi petsoka dzemabhedha akaputika
Dzimwe nguva pamatombo anenge munharaunda ipi zvayo yenyika iwe unogona kuwana ganda rakasviba-bhururu. Iyo inoumbwa neino-inonzi scale lichens.
Muzvisikwa, kunewo mazai echen lichens (somuenzaniso, xanthra rusvingo), achigadzira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakawanda dzeplateti. Havasi kufukidza matombo chete, asiwo miti yemiti, matavi.