Basa guru kuvanhu ndeyekudyara, kudyara uye kutarisirwa munzvimbo yakazaruka yemiti isinganzwisisiki - mukana wakanaka kwazvo wekuita mashizha e-high-calorie kudya, kwete yepamusoro mukukosha kwezvokudya zvinonaka. Kukura kwechimiro ichi chinhu chinobatsira, kutora nyemba dzinonaka, iwe panguva imwechete uchizadza bindu nemaine nitrogen.
Nzira yekugadzirira mbesa yekudyara?
Zvinenge zvose zvinomera zvinoda chiedza uye ivhu rakaorera nevasati varerekera kana zvishoma asiriya. Panyika dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwevhu uye isina kudzikira pasi, zvinomera izvi zvinokura zvakanyanya. Dombo rakashata rinogadzirwa ne nitrogen-potassium phosphate, asi munyaya ino inofanirwa kuchenjerera. Nhamba yakanyanya ye nitrogen inokonzera kukura kwehutu hwemavara kuti zvikuvadze zvirimwa. Vatangi vekutanga vanobvunzwa nemibvunzo, kana zvichidikanwa kuderedza nyemba vasati vadyara, izvo zviyero hazvifananidzi kudyara, saka tichanyorera zvikamu zvikuru zvebasa rekugadzirira.
Kugadzirira nyemba yekudyara:
- Nekudyara, nyemba inokonzerwa nevakuya, mbeu dzisingasviki dzezvipi zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvinhu zvinorwara hazvina kukodzera.
- Kunyorera bhinzi usati wasima nekusimuka muvhu rakavhurika, tinowedzera kukurumidza kuonekwa kwezvirwere. Nhairi dzinowanikwa mukusvibisa mvura kweusiku humwe (kusvika maawa gumi nemashanu).
- Pausiku wekudyara, unogona kugadzira nyemba nema microfertilizers uye boric acid. Tora 2 g yeAmmonium molybdate uye 2 g yeBercic acid, uiputse mubhodhoro remvura uye upise mvura kune utsi hwe40 ° C. Muchigadziro chawakagamuchirwa tinoshandisa mbeu kwemaminitsi mashanu musi wekudyara. Chii chakanaka pamusoro pehairi yakagadzirirwa mune zvakakanganiswa ndeyokudyara uye kutarisirwa kwebhinzi zvakabatanidzwa muvhu rakazaruka kunobatsira kudzivisa zvirwere uye kunowedzera kuponesa kwemaitiro.
Kudyara nyemba muvhu rakavhurika
Mhando dzeizvi tsika dzakapatsanurwa kuva dzakasvibira uye musango, zvichienderana neizvi, kudyara nyemba muchitsime muvhu rakazaruka uye kuchengetedza muti unogona kunge wakasiyana zvakasiyana. Shrub fomu inokura kusvika ku 0.4-0.6 m murefu. Ivo vakakodzera nzira yakagadzirwa yekurima, kuzvininipisa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzekukura simba dzinoita mazambiringa, zviputi zvinokura zvinopfuura 2 m uye zvinoda garter pa trellis. Giant Vigna nyemba yakakura muhukuru, uye pods kusvika 50 cm yakareba inokura pamakwenzi ayo mashanu-mita-yakakwirira.
Kudyara nyemba muvhu rakavhurika nembeu
Muchiitiko chacho, sei kudyara mahairi muvhu rakavhurika nembeu, unofanirwa kufungisisa kusana kwechando kushandiswa kwemuti uyu. Inobuda kwaari inowanikwa musi wechishanu uye maduku echando anogona kuparadza michero yebasa rinorwadza. Iyo yakawanda yekushisa kwekukura inobva 20 ° C kusvika 25 ° C. Ndeipi iyo ine ngozi yakaipa pesaha - kudyara nekutarisira munzvimbo yakazara muchitonhora mamiriro okunze, nekutyisidzika kwekunotonhora kunoda kuvhara zvinyoro zvishoma ne agrofiber. Pakarepo mushure mekuisa mbeu mumubhedha, nyika inogadziriswa nevarimi vevhu rakaoma kuchengetedza unyoro nekuvandudza kumera.
Kudyara mbeu yehairi muvhu rakavhurika
Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kumativi ekuchamhembe uye nekurima kwemazuva akanguva, kudyara kwakakwana kwebhinzi mumugwagwa unogadzira kunobatsira kuwana kare zvibereko zvezvirimwa. Kudyara kunogadzirwa nehutu hwebhinzi mushure mekunge uchinge wapinda mumapoto mazuva makumi matatu isati yagadziriswa nguva yekudyara muvhu rakavhurika. Panguva yekukura, michero inochengetwa mumasiteraji pa 23-25 ° C, vasati vadyarwa pamibhedha, kutonhora kunoderera kusvika 16 ° C. Muvhu rakavhurika tinotamisa maruva akadzika mushure mokutanga kwekupisa kwakasimba, achiisa muvhu 3cm pasi pezvavakanga vari muhari.
Ukudzika kwebhinzi mbeu
Kunyora mitemo inokosha yekudyara nyemba, haukwanisi kurashikirwa nechimwe chinhu chakakosha sezvo huwandu hwenheya hunoiswa muvhu. Inogona kuvimba nechitarisiko nekunyorova kwenyika pamubhedha, mamiriro okunze. Nzira yakanakisisa ndiyo yekudyara mbeu yebhandi pakadzika kwe 4-5 cm.Kana gore racho richipisa uye ivhu rakaoma, ipapo mbeu inosvika kune ivhu rinowedzera kusvika 7 cm.
Kudyara chikamu chehairi
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokudyara mbeu mahara muvhu rakavhurika. Trefu mabhesi anowanzowanikwa pedyo nepambo, pedyo nemadziro, pedo nemiti uye mbeu dzakakwirira dzebindu. Muzvidhinha zvakasara kusvika kune ma-5-7 nyemba, musipo kwekusimbiswa kwezvisikwa zvekusimba kwekumera michina kuvaka turllis kana kuvhara matanda. Pamabhedha makuru mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana dzinokura dzebhinzi dzinokura mumitsara. Pakati pemakwenzi paunenge uchidyara muvhu rakazaruka kubva pamasendimita makumi matatu ematatu, pakati pemitsara yatinokwanisa kuchengetedza kure nemamita makumi mana.
Miti yekudyara mbesa muvhu rakavhurika
Mitsva yakawanda yenyuchi inouraya munyaya yechando kunze kwe1 ° C, uye zvinomera zvine mazai asina kufanira zvinogona kushivirira kutanga kwechando chisvini kusvika kusvika 4 ° C. Mune nyaya yekudyara nyemba muvhu rakavhurika, munhu haafaniri kurega kukurumidza. Kupisa-kupisa kupima varimi vanodyarwa mushure mokupfuura kutyisidzira kwemvura inotonhora. Kune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana ino nguva isiri yakafanana, saka tinotungamirirwa nemamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ezvinhu emunharaunda. MuUkraine uye kumativi ekumaodzanyemba eRussia, kudyara mabasa kunoitwa kubva pamagumo eApril kusvika kuhafu yekutanga yaMay.
Kutarisira nyemba
Ikoko hakuna dambudziko guru pakuchengeta nyemba, zvese zvinowedzera kukura zvakaderedzwa kusvika panguva yakakodzera kubviswa masora, kusunungura ivhu, kunwisa uye kufudza mbeu. Kana zvichidikanwa, zvinokwanisika kukurudzira branching yemasango, kuvhara mazano ehutu. Kukwirira kunoita kuti mishonga yebhanhire igadzikane, inobatsira kuchengetedza unyoro. Yokusunungurwa kokutanga kwevhu kunowanikwa apo inomera inosvika masendimita masere, tinobudisa muhuwandu kusvika kusvika 6 inosunungura imwe nguva kusvikira mitsetse ichivhara zvachose.
Pamusoro-kugadzira nyemba muvhu rakavhurika
Mumubvunzo wakakosha, ungaita sei mbeu dzekushanda musango, unofunganya nezvekudya. Kuwedzera kwe nitrogen munharaunda kunotungamirira kukura kwakasimba kwemavara uye kuderera mukuumbwa kwemapods. Pakuwa, iyo manyowa inopararira pamabhedha pamwe chete nemarongero e potassium-phosphoric. Muchitsime, menyuniti haigone kubudiswa mushure memazuva gumi nemasere vasati vadyara. Pamakiromita masere mabheji anopiwa kusvika 8 kg yemuti, 20 g we superphosphate uye 25 g ye potassium fertilizer. Kana buds kuonekwa, wedzera kusvika 40 g ye superphosphate uye kusvika 15 g ye potassium munyu. Munguva yekusvurwa kwemasodhu, iwe unogona kuzviisa pamapuranga nehuni.
Kukura kwehairi muvhu rakavhurika - kunwisa
Nokuda kwezvibereko zvehairi, mamiriro ekukura anowedzera basa guru, kuwedzera pamusoro kunotungamirira kukura kwemashizha, uye mumasana anodonha ovary. Mukupisa kunosvika pakuonekwa kwepakutanga buds, mabhedha akasvibiswa nemaitiro anoenzaniswa kamwechete pavhiki. Chiyero chemvura chinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze uye chimiro chevhu, chakakwana kusvika 20 l / m 2 pavhiki. Inenge mazuva manomwe isati yatumbuka, kudiridza kunomiswa, kunze kwenguva yakareba, sultry weather. Mushure mekuonekwa kwepods yekutanga, tinodiridza kudyara kwehairi muvhu rakavhurika nemhepo yakaderera, kusabvumira kupera kwakakwana kwemibhedha iri mukutarisira.
Zvirwere nezvirwere zvehairi
Iyi tsika ine nhamba dzakawanda dzezvirwere uye zvirwere zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kukohwa kwehairi. Zvirwere zvebhejhe uye kudzora panguva yakakodzera ibasa rinokosha kumunhu wese anodyara zvinomera. Pakukamba kwemavara mashizha, kuonekwa kwemavara asinganzwisisiki, kuvapo kwebhinzi zvakakanganisika, tinogona kutaurira nezvekutapukira kwechimbo ne fungi kana zvipembenene zvinokuvadza. Zvakakosha kusarura zvimwe zvinotyisa zvinotyisa, izvo zvinofanira kupiwa kunyanya kukoshesa paunenge uchikura pavhu rakavhurika:
- Anthracnose. Chirwere chacho chinokonzera kuumbwa kwemazamu akakomberedzwa maitiro akaora mwoyo, mavara mashoma emasvini, kucheka nekufa kwemashizha. Iko pods inoshandura maitiro, akafukidzwa necheka rakasviba, zvipembenene.
- Viral mosaic wehairi. Utachiona hwesafiri hutakura, mashizha ane chirwere chinoshandura ruvara, anova variegated, wrinkled. Kana ichikohwa nemabhandi emakisi, kana ichikura munzvimbo yakazaruka, inokura zvakashata, inosara shure kwevakidzani vayo, kubereka kwemasango kunopera.
- Mhepo yakachena yehairi. Apo chirwere chacho chinowanikwa kuchenesa kwemashizha uye mashizha, kuchinja muvara wavo. Miti yakakanganiswa yakaora ndokufa.
- Powdery mildew yehairi. Mukuchengetedzwa kwekunze, chirwere ichi chinowanzova chinowanikwa, chinotungamirira kurufu rwemazana akawanda ekudyara. Pakutanga kupfeka kwakachena kunoumbwa, ipapo hutema hunochinja huri uye hunooma.
Kudzivirira nekuchengetedzwa kwezvirwere zvehawani:
- Usaita kuti kudyara kuve kwakanyorovesa, chengetedza bwenzi riri mukuchengetedzwa kwemhepo.
- Akaona zvirwere zvinorwara zvabviswa.
- Sora maruva anobatsira kuparadzira zvirwere, kubvisa kubva pabhedha panguva yakakodzera.
- Shandisa kudyara mbeu yakanaka yehuhwu.
- Kubvisa nyemba usati wadyara kunoderedza ngozi yehutachiona.
- Chengetedza kushanduka kwezvirimwa mumunda.
- Anthracnose uye white rot zvinokundwa nemvura ye Bordeaux nemamwe emhangura-ane zvigadzirira.
- Mukurwisana nemasikisi kunobatsira kutanga kudyara nyemba, maitiro ekudzivirira kuparadzirwa kweafi.
- Powdery mildew pakuparara inopedzwa nesarudzo yekugadzirira.
Zvipembenene zvinotyisa zvikuru zvehonye ndezviyo, zvinomera uye slugs. Kana uchidyara, uongorore zviyo, usingabatanidzi kudyara kwezvinhu zvakatapukirwa. Mukuchengetedzwa kwezvipembenene vanoshandisa kurapa kwemibhedha "Decis", "Metaphos", mamwe mishonga inopisa . Kana slugs inowanikwa, ivhu rinosaswa nemadota kana superphosphate, mashizha emashizha uye nettle shoots zvinotyisa kubva pati. Iwe unogona kuisa mabheji nenzira yekubata mabhodhoro epurasitiki akazadzwa newa, achigara achivabudisa kubva kune zvipembenene zvine mvura.