Izvo zvisinganzwisisiki hazvizivikanwi nehupenyu hwayo, zvinoratidzikisa kuburikidza nemhando dzakawanda: kurota, nhema uye nhau, zveimwe kana imwe mufambiro mumamiriro ezvinhu, mazano, kana kuti kana munhu asarudza kuita mune rimwe bhizimisi idzva uye maoko anoita seanocherechedza ichi "kuita" . Vadzidzisi vakanyatsotaura vakati: "Mhinduro dzose mauri!".
Pfungwa yekuti pamwe chete hazvizivi
Pfungwa yekuti vanhu vose vanoziva havo vanoziva kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe ndiye mutakuri wezvakaitika zvehupenyu hwehupenyu hwepasi pose. Iko kusanganisa hakuzivikanwi kunopararira kuburikidza nehutano hwehuropi uye ndiyo yakadzika yakadzika ye psyche, uye zvinyorwa zvinoratidza zvaro kuburikidza nedzimwe archetypes - mararamiro emitemo anowanikwa mukupindura kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Mumvura yakadzika yevanhu vose vasina ruzivo, kwete chete maitiro archaic ehupenyu hwevanhu, asiwo maitiro ekushanda kwemadzitateguru emhuka anozadza.
Ndiani akatanga kubudisa izwi rekuunganidza pamwe chete?
Munyori weiyo pfungwa yekusanganiswa kwevanhu vanozivikanwa neSwitzerland psychoanalyst mukurumbira Karl Gustav Jung, mudzidzi anozivikanwa uye anokakavara we Freud. Kwenguva yokutanga izwi racho rakaridzwa muna 1916 mune imwe nyaya yakabudiswa naJung "The Structure of the Unconscious," apo akasimbisa kuti pakuongorora kwezviroto zvevarwere, Freud akatanga kuwana zvinhu zvisiri kubva kune munhu asina chaanoziva, asi kusimbisa zvakasikwa, zvakasanganiswa. Gare gare K.G. Jung akatanga kushandisa izwi rokuti "chinangwa chepfungwa", saka "kusava nemunhu asina kuziva."
Dambudziko rekubatana hazvizivikanwi
Dzidziso yevanhu pamwe chete isingazivi Jung yakabva kune pfungwa dze "pamwe chete" mumiririri weiongorori Levi-Bruhl aibatanidza nehutano hwekushamwaridzana kwevanhu, asi Jung akapfuurira mberi nekuvimba nezvisikwa uye, kune dzimwe nzvimbo, kududzira kusinganzwisisiki kwehupenyu hwevanhu. Kushamwaridzana kwechitendero, hukama hwemhemberero dzaimiririrwa neK.G. Jung ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvepfungwa dzevanhu, dzakagadzirirwa mufananidzo wezviratidzo zvekubatana kwevasingazivi, zvakasiyana na Freud, uyo asina kupa mukana wehupenyu hwemunhu nekuda kwekucherechedza.
Mumwe nomumwe uye pamwe chete haazivi
Iko pfungwa yevanhu pamwe chete uye munhu pachavo asingazivi mumunhu ane mutsauko. Munhu asina kuziva akawana Freud anogara ari oga, zvichibva pane zvisikwa zvisiri izvo zvekuzvidzivirirwa, kubereka, mazita ekuberekwa anotapirwa nevabereki. Iko kusanganisa kusanzwisisika kwakafanana nevanhu vose, inoumba yakadzika yakadzika ye psyche uye ndiyo inotarisirwa nomunhu asina ruzivo rwemunhu mumwe nomumwe.
Kushandira pamwe chete kweJung
Vose vanobatana vasingazivi munharaunda yeJung ine musangano weArchetypes, uye archetypes pachavo yakawanda seyemamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu, anodzokororwa uye akagadziriswa mumweya wechimiro sechimiro chisina kuzadzwa nehuwandu, asi ane mikana yeimwe rudzi rwekufunga kana chiito. Archetypes pachavo inoshandiswa muchimiro chechifananidzo mune kusaziva, kana mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana ari kutarirwa kwavari uye kuratidzwa panguva dzehope, zvisizvo zvisizvo zvekutaura.
Maitiro evanhu vose vasingazivi
Kuti tinzwisise kuti maitiro akaita sei pamwe chete asingazivi Jung, zvakakosha kutsvaga kutsanangurwa kwebasa re psychoanalyst pachake. KG Jung akatarisa zviri mukati memubatanidzwa pamwe chete zvisinganzwisisiki pane zvinotevera:
- rakagara nhaka;
- inosanganisira archetypes, iyo inotungamirira uye mienzaniso yekuratidzwa kwepanyama;
- archaic mumasikirwo: zvinyorwa uye mifananidzo yehutano zvakafanana kune vanhu vose, pasinei nedzinza, uye izvi zvinoumba hwaro humwe hwehupenyu hwomunhu wose;
- mythological in structure;
- kwete kutungamirirwa nekuda .
Archetypes wekubatana haatombozivi
Jung, pane archetypes yevanhu vose vasina ruzivo, vakati iyi ndiyo rudzi rwekubatsira kune munhu kuenderana nemamiriro ekunze. Vanhu vanoteerera zvitatu zvekuita maitiro:
- chishuvo - chido chehondo;
- kurongeka kana kusarerekera - kubatana, kubatana, kuchengetedza kuenzanisa;
- kubatana - chido chekubudirira, kutendana pamwe nekunaka mune zvose.
Kune archetypes yakawanda, asi CG Jung inoparadzanisa zvinyorwa kana zvisikwa, izvo zvinogadza kuvepo, maitiro ehutsika, kushamwaridzana nenyika munyika zhinji:
- Anima uye Animus . Mukadzi uye murume wechipiri mumunhu.
- Mvuri chikamu chemafu chepfungwa, yakachengetedzwa zvakanyatsogadziriswa nezvisina kuziva.
- Iyo hero - inogadzirisa zvinetso zvinosangana nenjodzi, inoburukira mujeri, inokunda majeko.
- Mukuru akangwara - Baba, vane mafungiro akanaka, nhasi K.G. Jung inogona kuonekwa kune iyi archetype.
- Trickster - iye aJoker, a Fool, archetype weunyanzvi, kunyengera, asi wesimba rinoshamisa uye simba, anogara achiuya mumashoko eHermees.
- Munhu - kuti munhu anozviratidza sei kuvanhu, "ganda rinodzivirira" romunhu .
Kushanda pamwe chete muna M. Foucault
Vose vanobatana vasingazivi mune zvepfungwa, ndeye hutsika hweArchetypes, uye kushamwaridzana hakuzivikanwe mufilosofi ndechekuitika kare kana tsika dzisina chizivo, maererano naMichel Foucault, muzivi uye mupfungwa dzepfungwa, mumiriri we antipsychiatry akasika chigaro chekutanga chepfungwa chepfungwa muFrance. Foucault inotsanangura kusaziva sechinyorwa. Paaidzidza nguva dzakasiyana-siyana, Foucault akaona kuti pane imwe nguva yenguva pane "dambudziko munharaunda" yakagadzirwa kubva kune hurukuro dziripo dzezvidzidzo zvezesayenzi, asi dzose dzinoumba imwe episteme (chirongwa chezivo).
Episteme inowanikwa mumutauro wevanhu venguva yakafanana semutauro wemitauro yakananga nemitemo, mitemo uye zvinorambidzwa, zvisingazivikanwi kutarisa mufambiro uye kufunga kwechimiro chechiitiko chinenge chave chichigadzirisa chimwe chechiitiko chisingatombozivi. Kusiyana neizvi, M. Foucault anopesana nevadzidzisi vevanhu vari kunze kune "vanhu vasingafambidzani" vanofunga, vanyori, madmen vanogona kuparadza epiconstruction iripo.
Kusava nekunzwisisa - mienzaniso
Kusaziva zvese - mienzaniso muhupenyu inogona kuwanikwa pakuongorora mufambiro wevanhu vari muboka revanhu, uye pano hunoziva pamwe chete kana kuti hunoziva hunozviratidza kuburikidza nemhando mbiri dzekuzvibata:
- Kubatanidza hutsika hwevanhu - boka revanhu rinova rakazara pamwe chete nekuda kwehutachiona nemafungiro akafanana, pfungwa - sezvinoitika panguva yeboka revanhu apo boka revanhu rinodzivirira kodzero dzavo, kana kuti boka revanhu vane mafungiro mune imwe nyika ye ecstasy.
- Kusiyanisa maitiro evanhu - pano maitiro asingabatsiri anoita se "kudyara" kutya nechisimba. Vanhu vane manzwiro ekudengenyeka, uye nzira dzounzenza mumamiriro asina kujairika anoshanda pahutano hwekuchengetedza masikati , vanhu vanoita zvisingaiti - kunze kunoratidzika sekuti munhu haaoni maitiro ake.
Muenzaniso kubva pakuita zvepfungwa K.G. Muduku. Mumwe wevarwere akatungamirirwa neArchetype yeMuponesi uye akadana chiremba kuti atarise naye muzuva kuti afungisise phallus yezuva, uye kana ukaedza kuzunungusa musoro wako kubva kune rumwe rutivi, phallus ichadzoka zvakare, ichiumba mhepo. Muna 1910, Jung, achidzidza zvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, akawana tsanangudzo yeiturgy yekare yechitendero cheMithras, icho chakatsanangura chiono chegomba rezuva pachiedza chinouyisa mhepo. Kufananidza pakati pezvinorondedzerwa izvi zvakajeka, uye mumashoko evarwere kubva kuhutano hwekare husati hwaziva hwakamutswa.