Kukura machena kabichi - mazano anobatsira kune varimi

Pakati pemiriwo yeCruciferae mhuri inenge yese yezvisikwa zvipenyu. Kukura machena kabichi kunozivikanwa kupfuura mamwe marudzi - rapeseed, radish kana kudyara radish. Muto mukuru we kabichi, kurwisana nefriji uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehurbheni anoonekwa sezvakabatsiro zvemiriwo iyi.

Kudyara machena kabichi

Sezvo kabichi is biennial, mugore rokutanga inogadzira grey-grey mashizha ane bhenekera, pedyo zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe. Ivo ruzivo rwekugadzira zvakanaka kabichi mutsvuku wekukohwa kwakakwana hazvikwani: zvakakosha kuongorora zvakasiyana-siyana, kudyara chirongwa, kuumbwa kwekugadzirisa uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kugadzirira kuswa kunosanganisira:

1. Weed kubviswa. Kabichi inotanga kurwara nezvirwere kana mabheji pasi payo asina kunyatsochera uye kubviswa masora. Pedyo navo, ma cabbages zvishoma nezvishoma haatauri.
2. Kuumba yakakodzera kubereka ivhu rakasara. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yemubhedha inofanira kuvharwa ne loam: kukura kwemucheka mutsva kunoda huwandu hwakawanda hwe humus nehutachire hwezinga reacid kana kunyange pasina ivo.
3. Autumn processing ye site. Mushure mokukohwa miriwo yapfuura, ivhu rakasunungurwa uye shoma shoma rinoshandiswa rinoshandiswa - choko kana hupfu ye dolomite.

Nzira yekudyara mucheka machena machena?

Ruzhinji rwevarimi vanosarudza mbeu kudzvara mbeu. Kubatsira kwayo kukuru ndeye mukana wekukohwa mugore rekutanga, kunze kwekuti mbeu dzekutanga yekuibva dzakashandiswa. Kudyara machena machena muvhu ivhu kunoderedza nguva yekugara kwemiriwo pamugwagwa, nekuderedza dambudziko rekuonekwa kweora nekumwe zvirwere. Inosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana:

1. Kudyara mu peat kana mapuritiki epurasitiki zviduku. Kana ichiendeswa pasi, midzi yacho inokuvara nyore nyore, saka inogona kudziviswa nekudzivirira kupararira kwayo. Iyo ndiro yepurasitiki inogona kudurwa uye inogadzirirwa nevhu yevhu mubhorove mubhedha.
2. Kugadzirira kwematsime. Mumunda vari kukuchera masango mukati-kati kwete pasi pe10 cm.Amwe neumwe wavo akaisa pane zvishoma zve humus.
3. Kubva kwezvirimwa. Nekurimwa kwemucheka mutsva muvhu, ivhu harifaniri kuenzaniswa: kumusoro kwepamusoro kunosaswa nevhu rakaoma, kana zvichidikanwa, nekuchiisa nemashizha kana mashizha.

Nzira yekudyara tsvuku machena macro?

Kubzala kweBezrassadnaya kunopa mimwe midziyo yemiti inobatsira: miitiro yakasikwa isina "kushungurudzika" nenzira yekuisa, saka yakawedzera hutachiona hwehutano nezvirwere. Kukura kwechikamu chepanyika kunomiswa pamusana pekuchera kwemazuva gumi nemashanu. Kuraira yemucheka machena kunokurudzirwa kurongwa urwu:

1. Kuchengetedzwa kwemafuro embeu. Usati wadyara, mbeu inoderedzwa kwemaawa maviri mune imwe nzira isina simba ye potassium permanganate kuve nechokwadi chekudzivirira kuora uye "gumbo rima".
2. Mbeu kudyara. Vanomiririrwa muvhu rakaoma kune 2-3 cm kwemiti 3-4 mbeu imwe neimwe, yekutanga kubuda kunoonekwa musi we 7-9 mushure mekudyara.
3. Kusunungura mushure mekuonekwa kweshizha rekutanga recotyledonous. Kana chikamu chemuti wacho chikaita sechina simba kana chakaipa, chakabvaruka kubva pamubhedha.

Ndezvipi zvakakura kudyara machena kabichi?

Kuchengetedza imwe nzvimbo iri pakati pemiti yakakosha kuitira kuti midzi yavo isati yakabatana, uye mashizha haatapukirwi nezvirwere zviripo mumusoro wakatarisana. Chikamu pakati pemiganhu, chakacherechedza kana iwe uchidyara kabhena machena, inobva pane zvakasiyana uye ukuru we musoro:

• chiremera ifogo kabichi kubva pa1 kusvika ku2,5 kg - 30 cm;
• uremu hunosvika 4 kg - 40 cm;
• uremu hunorema kubva 4 kg uye pamusoro - 50 cm.

Nzvimbo yekudyara yemucheka mutsvuku

Inokodzera kudyara ivhu rakasimwa, rakapfuma mu peat kana nitrogen. Mvura yakasviba uye yakasviba inosvibisa iyi mishonga ne bacteriosis. Kudyara kwemucheka mutsvuku muvhu zvakakosha kunopa kuti avo vakagara vakarurama - mbatatisi, makomkiti nemaruva. Mamwe mazita emimwe mitemo yokusarudza nzvimbo inosanganisira:

• kusvibiswa muvhu kushandisa kufambisa mweya;
• chiyero chekujekesa - pasina zuva rakazaruka uye mumvuri wakasimba;
• "Kudzoka" kubva kumichero yakareba pamibhedha yakatarisana;
• nzvimbo iri kure nemiti yemichero.

Miti yekudyara machena kabichi

Nguva yekudyara mbeu kana mbeu muvhu rakavhurika kana chemafuro inobva kune iyo nzvimbo uye mamiriro ayo emamiriro ekunze. Kabichi haisi ye "kutanga kudyara mbeu", iyo inotamirwa kunzvimbo yakasimba yekukura mushure mekupisa kwekutanga. Kudyara uye kuchengetwa kwemucheka mutsvuku kunogona kuchinjwa nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro okunze, asi zvakakosha kutarisa kana uchidyara michero panguva dzinotevera:

• kurutivi rwekumaodzanyemba - muna 10-15 yeChishanu;
• iyo nzira yapakati iri musi waMarch 25-30;
• zvikamu zvine mamiriro okunze - May 1-15.

Kukura machena kabichi muvhu rakavhurika

Mushure mokunge kuendeswa kune ivhu kunofanira kupfuura mazuva makumi maviri, kuitira kuti zvigone kunzwisiswa kuti mbeu ipi yakabudirira kubudirira, uye iyo-ichave yakaoma. Nenguva inotonhorera, mitsva inogona kuvharwa nepurasitiki kuputira kwemavhiki maviri. Sezvo zvakavanzika zvikuru zvekukura machena kabichi zvinofungidzirwa:

1. Kusarudza nenguva. Kana zvirimwa zvisingafambi zvakanaka mukukura pamubhedha, vanobvisa mamwe mashizha ane chirwere kana chetatu chemudzi.
2. Kusunungura mushure memvura. Ivhu rakasvibiswa rinosunungurwa kusvika pakadzika 3-5 cm.
3. Kudziviswa mukukura. Mashizha ekunze ari kunze kunze kwemiriwo anotemwa kuti awedzere kuwanda kwezvirimwa.

Zvisikwa zvekukura machena kabichi - kunwisa

Mushure mokunge vatumirwa kune ivhu, michero inonwa mvura yakawanda zuva rinotevera, kutungamira rukova rwemvura pasi pemudzi. Kukura kwemavara machena mumunguva yemberi inotora chirongwa chakadai chokudiridza:

• 1-2 masvondo mushure mekudonha - mazuva maviri maviri;
• 3-4 mavhiki - 1 nguva mumazuva mashanu;
• kubva pamwedzi miviri - kamwe kamwe pavhiki.

Kukura machena kabichi - kupfeka kupfeka

Kushandiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwehuseti hunogadzirisa zvinokonzera kuwedzera muchero uye kunowedzera nzira yekubika yemiriwo. Unhu hwakanaka hwemavara hunogona kugoverwa kana iwe ukatanga kudya kabichi kwemazuva makumi maviri mushure mekudyara pasi. Nenguva yekukura kwayo, zvichave zvakakosha kuita michero yevhu ye3 3-5 nemafuta inowedzera kumvura inodziya yekudiridza. Mushonga wakakodzera wokudyara kabichi machena unowanikwa munotevera urongwa:

• mullein ;
• superphosphate ;
• nitrofosca ;
• potassium sulfate;
• chicken droppings.

Kuchengetedza kabhena machena mumunda

Mukuwedzera kune yekudiridza panguva yakakodzera uye kubereka, kabichi inotarisirwa uye kuchengetwa kwechikafu. Kamwe chete pamwedzi, nheyo yakakwirira yevhu inoshandiswa nehuturu hwevhu kana substrate nemadota. Hazvina kukwana kuti unzwisise kuti ungachengetedza sei kabha machena - zvakakosha kugara uchicherechedza mamiriro ayo, kuongorora mashizha uye mudzi wemuti wacho. Kana zvakakosha kupedza kurapwa, kusarudzwa kwakasarudzwa kunovhenganiswa nemvura uye inosaswa nemashizha emuti wacho.

Diseases of cabbage

Miti inogadziriswa kumigadziro yemishonga, asi haina kukurudzirwa kuibata nemakemikari ane chepfu. Izvi zvinowedzera nzira yekurwisana nedzimwe zvirwere, saka kuongorora kwenguva yakakodzera kunowanzoitika mukudzivirira kukura kwehutachiona mumibhedha. Kukura uye kuchengetedza kabhena kabhadha kunogona kukonzera munda wejena neimwe yezvirwere zvinotevera:

1. Cabbage whales. Kuparadzanisa fungus kunokanganisa mashizha mashoma kana michero mumiti. Zvichida vanogona kudyara michero. Pamudzi uye mashizha kubva kumafungusati aone kuwedzera kukura.
2. Powdery mildew. Inonziwo peronosporosis - fungus iyi inobata marudzi ose ekakichi nemucheka mutsvuku uye tsvina dzemavara.
3. Fusarium. Kukura machena kabichi kunowanzoputira fungus iyi, iyo inowanikwa chete painochera mashizha. Nyama yemiti yacho inoputirwa nemavhu.
4. Mushonga weMosic. Nechinhu chisina kuchena uye vatengesi vezvipembenene, anowira mumatemu emashizha emakabichi uye anokonzera kuchinja kusingagadziki mazviri. Pamusoro payo inoonekwa necrotic patches, nokuti iyo mashizha anopota uye anofa.
5. Mheto yemavara. Nekusimudza kwakasvibira, kudiridza zvakanyanya kana kusakwana kwakakwana, mutsara wemudzidzi unova wakafa uye unoonda mumiti. Mbeu dzechidiki dzakaputsika uye dzinowa.
6. White rot. Ichi chirwere chinotapukira chakafanana nesimbi. Anoputira mashizha emashika nemuchena mucous stains ne "fluffy" kupfeka.

Cabbage zvipembenene

Mukuwedzera kune zvipembenene zvinopararira uye zvinopisa , pane zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nezvipembenene . Vane zviratidzo zvakafanana: midzi yemiriwo tsika inomesa, mashizha anoratidza plaque uye foci ye desiccation. Kudzorwa kwezvipukanana zvekakichi zvinogona kuitwa maitiro ose evanhu, uye mazano ekugadzirira anonzi insecticides . Pamibhedha nemiti iyi, pane dzimwe nguva zvirwere zvakadai sokuti:

1. Spring cabbage fly. Iyo shiri inobhururuka inotanga kuchinja midzi yemiti yacho, inotanga kudya miriwo yezvibereko.
2. Cabbage scoop. Dambudziko racho rinokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwekakichi, nokuti mhondi yemashizha aya anodyisa pamashizha akaoma.
3. Cabbage aphids. Chimwe chikafu chinokonzera chirwere chinogadziriswa nemakoloni pa stalk ye kabichi, kuwana hutu nemuviri kubva kwavari.
4. Cruciferae flea. Inoparadza kukura, iyo tsuchi inopinda mumakomba pamashizha.