Dzimwe nguva, kukanganiswa kwekudya kunoratidza hutano hukuru hwehutano huri munhengo dzomukati. Chirwere chinokonzera chirwere chepachirwere ndechimwe chezvirwere zvinowanzoonekwa nekenza. Pamusana pokukurumidza kuongororwa uye kufambira mberi nokukurumidzira, kune huwandu hwekufa kwevanhu.
Kanzera yemudumbu - Species
Kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokugadzirisa chirwere chiri mubvunzo. Zvichienderana nemafungiro ake edzidziso yehutachiona hwemuviri yakakamurwa kuva mhando dzinotevera dzekenza:
- glandular (tubular, papillary, mucinous adenocarcinoma);
- ring-celled;
- duku-celled;
- squamous cell;
- glandular-squamous;
- undifferentiated.
Maererano nehuwandu hwekukura, kenza yemuviri inorongedzerwa mumhando dzinotevera:
- polypoid;
- ulcerative;
- diffuse-infiltrative;
- chikamu chekuonda.
Maererano nekushandura muhutachiona hwemukati, zvirwere zvinotyisa zvemuviri zvinogona kuva:
- matumbo;
- diffuse;
- kusanganiswa.
Chirongwa chekare chekenza (TNM) chinosanganisira kusiyana kwehutano zvichienderana nezvinhu zvitatu:
- Nhanho (T). Kuchema kunofungidzirwa pamwero we 0 kusvika ku4.
- Kuvapo kwemasastases mu-lymph nodes (N). Kana vakasipo, kukosha 0 kwakagadzirirwa, chiratidzo chikuru pane zvitatu.
- Kutapukisa nemasisita emitundu yakakura uye nhengo (M). 0 - kana vari, 1 - kana vasipo.
Kanzira yemudumbu - zvinokonzera
Kutsigira chaizvo kuti nei mamwe masero ari kuchinja uye anova akaipa kusvika apedza kubudirira. Zvinhu zvinongotanga kuitika zvinowanikwa umo chirwere chemuviri chinowanzoitika kakawanda:
- kusvuta;
- zvikamu zvehupenyu;
- kukwana kwe ascorbic acid mu menyu;
- kunwisa doro;
- kenza yemudumbu kubva kune hama yepedyo;
- genetic mutations;
- chimiro chekudya;
- hutachiona hwehutachiona hweHelicobacter pylori ;
- yapfuura maitiro mudumbu;
- duodenal-gastric reflux ;
- peptic ulcer;
- zvimwe zvipembenene zvinokonzera mhuka munzvimbo dziri pedyo;
- mapepa emuchu membrane.
Kanzira yemudumbu - zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zveairondedzwa zvirwere zvinoenderana nemhando yaro, nzvimbo yehutano hwehutano, hutsinye hwavo. Chirwere chemakiriniki chinofananidzwa nechikwata chekenza yemuviri, nguva refu chirwere chacho chinopfuurira, zvinowedzera zviratidzo zvayo. Mune matanho ekutanga ekubudirira zvakaoma kufungidzira kuvepo kwechirwere chinouraya, saka chirwere chinoratidzwa chinowanzoridzirwa kune chirwere chakanyanya.
Kanzira yemudumbu - 1 danho
Pakutanga kwekufambira mberi, chirwere chisina kunaka hachikuvadze chero zviratidzo zvakajeka. Nemhaka yekusabhadhara kwavo kana kusavapo zvachose, zvakaoma kuziva musana wechirwere chepamuviri - zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvokutanga zvehutachiona hazvibatanidzi nehutachiona. Dzinofanana negastritis kana chironda, zvinowanzoonekwa sechiitiko chenguva pfupi chinokonzerwa nokudya kana kudya zvisina kunaka mukudya.
Zviratidzo zvekenza yemuviri mumavambo okutanga:
- kushungurudzika mudumbu;
- eructation;
- flatulence;
- manzwiro ekuzara kwechemu;
- periodic gravity mudumbu ;
- shanduko mune zvido zvekunakidza.
Kanzira yemudumbu - 2 chikwata
Sezvo chirwere chinokura, chipatara chacho chinowedzera, asi pachikamu chezvino chekupfuurira chinoramba chisingazivikanwi. Kanzera yemudumbu yekuoma kwakanyanyisa kunowanikwa zvinowanzoitika nengozi. Izvi zvinoitika kana nguva dzose kuongororwa nhengo dzekudya kana mushure mekusangana ne gastroenterologist nekufungira kwepaste yegonda.
Zvimwe zviratidzo zvekenza yemuviri yechitambo chechipiri:
- kuora kwekudya;
- anemia ;
- kusanzwisiswa kusina simba uye kugara kuneta;
- kukanganisa kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa;
- kuyerwa kwemuviri;
- kusagadzikana kunzwa mukati mamuviri;
- dyspeptic disorders.
Kanzera yemudumbu - danho rechitatu
Nekuwandisa kwehutano hwehutachiona hwehutachiona, pane zviratidzo zvakanyatsotsanangura zvinokurudzira munhu kutarisa gastroenterologist. Chirwere chepamuviri - zviratidzo uye kuratidzwa kwechirwere pane zvikamu zvitatu zvekuvandudza:
- kuoma mukugedza zvokudya uye zvinodhaka;
- yakasimba uye yakakomba mwoyo;
- kurutsa;
- kurwadziwa mukati mudumbu, kunopa mukati;
- kuwedzera kwemuviri vhudzi;
- kurasikirwa nokurema;
- stool disorders;
- frequency nausea;
- palpable solid formation mukati mezuva plexus region;
- low operability.
Chirwere chemupamu - Stage 4
Panzvimbo yekupedzisira yekufambira mberi, chimiro chechipatara chinoratidzika pamashure emagadziro emucosal kuparadzaniswa uye kukura kwezvisikwa zvehutachi. Oncology yemudumbu - zviratidzo uye zviratidzo zvechirwere pachigamba chechina:
- tarry stool yemuvara;
- kudzokorora kurutsa nekusvibiswa kweropa, dzimwe nguva mashoma akafanana nechikonzero chekofi;
- kureba kweganda;
- akadanidzirwa mucheche, kusvikira kurasikirwa kwekuziva;
- kushaya simba kwakasimba.
Kakawanda incology yakaoma yemudumbu inowanikwa - zviratidzo zvinowedzera nezviremera zvemuviri uye mazinga, umo maitiro emagunha anomera. Kuratidzwa kwakadaro kunosanganisira:
- kurwadziwa mukati mumukumbo, chirwere chenduru, itsvo;
- kunetseka kufema;
- kusakwanisa kumedza mvura kana zvokudya;
- kushungurudzika mumoyo;
- mukati mekubuda ropa .
Nzira yekutarisa sei mudumbu kune oncology?
Kuziva kwechirwere mumatangiro epakutanga hakusi nyore, nokuti vanhu vanowanzoenda kuchipatara kuti vadzivirire mavhenekeri. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekenza yemuviri hazvisipo kana kuti zvisingaiti, ndicho chikonzero ivo vanowanzoregererwa. Nzira yakavimbika yekuwana hutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzera gastroscopy, iyo inopa kuonekwa kwemukasi membrane pamwe nekukwanisa kwehupops yepanyama. Uyezve, chiremba angaraira zvidzidzo zvinotevera:
- computed tomography;
- radiography ine sumo yepakati yakasiyana;
- analysis for oncomarkers;
- ultrasound kuongorora.
Kurapa kwekenza yemuviri
Kurapa kwechirwere ichi mumubvunzo kunobva pachirongwa chayo uye kusimba kwezviratidzo. Nzira huru uye inobudirira chete yekurapa kuvhiyiwa, inosanganisira kubviswa kusina kana kukwana kwechikuvadzwa. Kana zvirwere mumararamiro emudumbu zvakakwira kuva lymph nodes dziri pedyo, ivo vanoitawo kushamiswa. Nzira dzisina kurovedza dzesimba dzinoshandiswa kare uye mushure mekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwekubvisa kusvibiswa kwemarara uye kuparadzwa kwemasero anoramba aripo.
Chemotherapy nokuda kwekenza yemukati
Iyo yakatsanangurwa kurapwa sarudzo inowanikwa mumarudzi maviri:
- Neoadjuvant. Chemotherapy inoitwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuti kuderedze ukuru hwechiremera uye kunyoresa kukanganisa kwayo.
- Adjuvant. Mishonga iyi inotungamirirwa mushure mekuvhiyiwa kuitira kuti chirwere chemudumbu chisadzoke zvakare, uye masero akasara akashandurwa akaparadzwa.
Chemotherapy inowanzobatanidzwa ne radiotherapy, iyo yakafanana yakaitwa zuva rakapfuura uye mushure mekushanda. Kana kupisa kwepamusoro kwemudumbu kwaiitwa muincology, kuiswa kwemishonga yakakosha uye kushandiswa kwemishonga inonzi ionizing kuti ibatsire hupenyu hwomurwere. Iyi nzira inobatsira kubvisa kana kuderedza marwadzo, kuvandudza kudya, nekuwedzera hupenyu hwemunhu.
Kanzira yemudumbu - kushanda
Pane zvipi zviviri zvekugadzirira kupindira mukurapa chirwere ichi. Kurapa kurapa kwekenza yemuviri:
- Kuramba. Kubviswa kwechikamu chinokosha chechirwere chakakanganiswa nechirwere chakaipa. Kupindira kwakadaro kunopararira, kunowedzera uye kunowedzera, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yedumbu umo kenza inowedzera.
- Gastrectomy. Kubviswa kwese nhengo. Iko rudzi rwekushandiswa kwekushanda kunoratidzwa mumatanho ekupedzisira ekufambira mberi kwekenza. Kana zvirwere zvinenge zviripo, nhengo dzakatapukirwa nadzo - lymph nodes, mavhovhesi, spleen, chiropa (zvishoma) nezvimwe zvinoshamiswa zvakafanana.
Kudya ne oncology yemudumbu
Kurongeka kwakarongeka kudya kunobatsira kuti kuve nekugadzirisa kwekudya kwekudya nekuvandudza kwehupenyu. Kunyange kana kenza yemudumbu inoshandiswa ichifambira mberi, zvakakosha kuomerera pamenyu yekurapa. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kupararira kwemasimasisita uye kuora kwekukura, kuwedzera upenyu zvishomanana.
Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri nevecology yemudumbu hazvibvi zvachose:
- doro;
- yakabikwa uye ine mafuta;
- mishonga yakasviba;
- zvokudya zvekunamatira;
- marinades;
- zvinonhuwira;
- mushroom;
- sauces;
- misi yakasviba;
- vanillin;
- lard;
- kofi;
- carbonated drinks;
- strong tea;
- mishonga ine dyes, zvinodzivirira;
- inotonhora kana kuti inopisa zvokudya.
Mvumo yekushandisa:
- zviyo zvinokanganisa uye zvakagadzirwa zvakanaka;
- Dairy uye zvinomera zvemichero nemishonga yakachena;
- hove dzakaderera, nyama uye huku;
- chingwa chitsvuku chezuro;
- bhotela (zvishoma);
- low-fat cottage cheese;
- yakabikwa zvakanyoro-akabikwa uye mazai akaomeswa;
- kissels;
- steam omelettes;
- miriwo yakabikwa, berries, michero;
- greens;
- citrus fruit;
- zvinonatswa majei;
- mafuta ezvirimwa;
- alkaline mineral mvura isina gasi;
- herbal, green tea.
Kudya kunoda mitemo yakawanda:
- Zvikamu zvinofanira kunge zviduku, uye kudya kunowanikwa - kakawanda, kusvika kusvika 10 pazuva.
- Icho kutonhora kwezvingwa zvinenge madhigirii 37.
- Zvokudya zvinokonzerwa kana kupwanyika mune imwe nzira, zvakadzingwa zvakakwana.
- Zvose zvinogadzirwa zvinofanira kuva zvitsva.
- Iwe unogona kungobika chete zvokudya kana kubika iyo kune vaviri.
- Usashandisa zvisina kufanira munyu, zviri nani kushandisa zvishoma.
- Mafuta anowanikwa mune menyu inenge 30%, kunyanya yemiriwo yemhuka.
Kenza yemukondomu - kufungidzira
Mune inocology, zvakajairika kuongorora kubudirira kwehutano uye mikana yekudzoka mukati memakore mashanu. Zvakawanda sei zvinorarama nekenza yemuviri zvinoenderana nekukura kwaakawana, chirwere chechirwere, nguva yemurwere nezvimwe zvinhu. Maererano nekuoma kwechirwere ichi, chirevo chinotevera:
- Pamberi yekutanga - 57-70%;
- Chikamu chechipiri - 33-45%;
- Nhanho 3 - 10-20%;
- Chikamu 4 - kusvika ku5%.