Utachiona hweHIV - zvose zvaunoda kuziva nezvehutachiona uye hutachiona

Utachiona hweHIV hutachiona hwehutachiona hunoita kuti simba rekudzivirira zvirwere rive nyore, zvichiita kuti kuve nekutuka kwezvironda uye zvirwere zvechipiri. Kana chirwere ichi chisina kubatwa, zvino pave nemakore anenge 9 kusvika ku11 mushure mokunge hutachiona huchipinda mumuviri, rufu runoitika. Kurapa kunoitawo kuti zvikwanise kuwedzera hupenyu hwomunhu ane hutachiwana kusvika makore makumi manomwe kusvika ku80.

HIV - chii?

Kuzvidzivirira muviri kwevanhu hutachiona hutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona huve hutachiona. Chirwere ichi chinowedzera zvishoma. Izvo zvisina simba kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvekuzvidzivirira kunowira, kunyanya murwere anorwara. Vakawanda vanotapukirwa vanoita zvirwere zvakanaka uye zvinotyisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, hutachiona hunova hwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti kunyange kutonhora kunogona kutungamirira kurufu. Kuzvidzivirira muviri kwehutachiona hwehutachiona kunobata vanhu chete. Kuedza kuuraya mhuka hakuna kubudirira - mhuka dzakakurumidza kuporesa.

Kupararira kwehutachiona hweHIV

Nhasi, iyo immunodeficiency virus inoonekwa seimwe yezvirwere zvinopfuurira zvakanyanya. Sekunge kunopera kwema1980, nhamba dzakaita kuti vanhu vashamiswe: mune dzimwe nyika dziri chikamu cheWorld Health Organization, vanenge 120 000 vanhu vane utachiona hweAIDS (imwe yakaoma yeHIV) uye vanenge 100 000 vane utachiwana hweHIV vakawanikwa. Chinhu chinotyisa zvikuru ndechekuti muchokwadi zviratidzo zviripamusoro zvikuru, nokuti varwere vazhinji havafungi nezvekutsvaga kwavo uye havanyoreji.

Izvo HIV inonzwisiswa sei nechimiro chimwe nechimwe inobva kune geno- uye phenotypic. Nokuda kweizvi, zvinotarisa kuti vamwe varwere "vanopisa" zvechirwere mumazuva mashomanana, vamwe vachirarama nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemakore kwemakore, vanonzwa vakafara uye vasingazivi kunyange nezvezvinetso zvavo. Maererano nehuwandu, vamiririri vedzinza reNegroid kune HIV vanowanzosvikirwa. Vanhu vomuEurope havanyanyi kutarisana nehutachiona, uye vazhinji "vanoramba" ndevaMongooloids.

Nyika dzine hutachiona hweHIV dzinopararira zvakakurumidza, zvinoita seizvi:

• Brazil;
• Haiti;
• United States;
• Turkey;
• Indonesia;
• Bangladesh;
• Pakistan;
• Mexico;
• Britain.

HIV inoparadzirwa sei?

Kuti uzvikwanise kuzvidzivirira kubva ku immunodeficiency virus, unoda kuziva nzira huru dzekutapukirwa neHIV. Imwe yaro ndeye munhu ane utachiona. Dambudziko racho rinowanikwawo nevarwere ivavo, avo vane utachiona hwehutachiwana huri munguva yekudzivirira. Iyo mikana yakakwirira yekutapurirwa kweHIV ndeyokuguma kwekudzivirira nguva. Panguva ino, kuongororwa kwehutachiona kuripo.

Utachiona hweHIV hunogona kupindira mune zvose zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona - ropa, semenje, salivha, mavharo emadzimai, misodzi, sweat, mukaka wehadzi, urinho, doro - asi maitiro aro akasiyana, uye izvi zvinogadzirisa hutano hwakakosha hwepidemiological. Kudengenyeka kwehutachiona hweHIV kunofanira kuitika pasi pemamiriro akakodzera. Utachiona hunofanirwa kumira kubva kune hutachiwana hutachiwana nenzira yepanyama uye huchipinda mukati memamiriro ekunze ehutano.

Nzira dzekutapurirwa kweHIV dzakasiyana-siyana:

• zvepabonde;
• injection;
• kuwedzerwa;
• transplantation;
• transplacental.

Chaizvoizvo, hutachiona hunoparidzirwa kuburikidza nevarume vanoita zvepabonde. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nehutachiwana hwevanhu vane hutachiwana muhutano nemadziviriro emadzimai vane hutachiona hwepamusoro hweHIV. Maererano nehuwandu, hutatu hwehutachiona hwehutano hunoitika munhengo dzepabonde, iyo inosvika 71% inokonzerwa nemurume nemukadzi, uye 15% ndevamwe varumekadzi. Imwe nzira yekuendesa hutachiona ndeyepininatal. Mumumuviri wemwana, HIV inogona kupinda mukati mechizvaro kana mushure mokuberekwa - nemukaka wemvere.

Kushandiswa kweHIV kwenguva

Mumuviri wega wega hutachiona hunowedzera nenzira yaro. Saka, nguva yekudzivirira utachiwana hweHIV inoramba iine chokwadi. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinogona kuratidza semavhiki mashomanana, uye pashure pemakore pashure pokutachiona. Muchikamu chekutanga chekudzivirira nguva, mamwe maitiro anopesana anoumbwa muropa. Kuti ionekwe panguva yekuedzwa kwebhishopi, vhiki dzinenge zvitatu dzinofanira kudarika kubva panguva yechirwere chetachiona.

Utachiona hweHIV - zviratidzo

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, chirwere chacho chinokura maererano nehuwandu hwechirongwa. Kune zvikamu zviviri zvehutachiwana hutachiona hweHIV: huri kuramba huripo. Nguva pfupi mushure moutachiona, zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere zvinoonekwa, zvinogona nyore nyore kuvhiringidzika nezviratidzo zvechirwere kana kutonhora kazhinji: kutonhora kusvetuka, huroti inotanga kukuvadza, lymph nodes inowedzera . Varwere vazhinji vane immunodeficiency virus havafananidzi zvose izvi, nokuti mushure memasvondo matatu kuonekwa kwehutachiona hweHIV kunopera, uye chirwere chinopfuurira kusvika pachikamu chechipiri.

"Viga" hutachiwana hwehutachiona hwemuviri mumuviri hunokwanisa kubva kumwedzi miviri kusvika kumakumi emakumi emakore. Mushure mokunge chidimbu chinopera chinopera pakuguma, varwere vanogadzira zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvirwere zvehutachiona. Zviratidzo zveHIV zvakare zvinoonekwa. Pakati pezvokupedzisira:

• unopinza kuora kwekurema;
• kazhinji misoro;
• chando chisingaperi;
• nguva dzose kurwisa kwezuva;
• kurwadziwa mubhokisi;
• zvirwere zvepapupa;
• kuwa kwechiono;
• zvirwere zvemazino;
• kuora mwoyo uye kusava nehanya.

Utachiona hweHIV - zviratidzo zvevakadzi

Kune chikwata chekutanga chechirwere, vakadzi vanoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvehutachiwana hweHIV izvo zvinopfuurira kwevhiki rimwe chete kusvika kune maviri:

• fever;
• mapundu emumuviri;
• kuora pamutsipa;
• kazhinji uye ane musoro musoro;
• nausea;
• nguva dzose kuneta;
• kuwedzera lymph nodes;
• chimiro chezvionda mumuromo wemuromo;
• kurwadziwa mumasumbu uye manhengo;
• zvakasiyana-siyana mbiriso zvirwere.

Apo immunodeficiency virus inopinda mune imwe nguva yakaoma - AIDS , zviratidzo zvinotevera zvinooneka:

• kuneta;
• kugara uchinyunyuta pamwe chete nehara;
• kudengenyeka;
• periodic temperature temperature jumps;
• akadzikama;
• kuora mwoyo, uye dzimwe nguva kurasika kwakakwana kwepfungwa;
• kuvhiringidzika kwekuziva;
• kuputika kwezvikamu zvepachiviri.

Utachiona hweHIV - zviratidzo zvevarume

Zviratidzo zvechirwere muhupenyu hwehupombwe hwakasimba kubva kune zviratidzo zvevakadzi zvinopesana zvishoma. Kuratidzwa kwehutachiona hweHIV mumarume ndeyotevera: Kutova pazuva rechishanu - 10 mushure mekutachiona, kuputika kunoitika mumuviri wemurwere. Mushure mekunge imwe nguva, lymph nodes mumupuranga, makumbo nemutsipa zvinowedzera. Izvo zvipembenene zvinowedzera, asi hazvina kuunza marwadzo kwavari. Vakawanda vanorwara neHIV vachinyunyuta nezvekuneta zvakanyanya, kurasikirwa kukuru kwekudya, kusava nehanya nebasa uye kugara uchida kurara.

Zvikamu zveAIDS zvinoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvinotevera:

• fever;
• kunorwadza kusingagumi nekukanganiswa;
• diarrhea;
• kurutsa;
• gastric spasms;
• iko kupisa kusingagoni kuderedzwa;
• kunonoka kuderera mumuviri;
• kuzvidya mwoyo;
• kurasikirwa kwepfungwa zvishoma.

Kuongororwa kwehutachiona hweHIV

Nzira yakakurumbira yekugadzirisa HIV ndeyeE ELISA, iyo enzyme immunoassay . Kushandisa zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuedza, izvo zvinoshandisa mapuroteni anogadzirwa nehutachiwana hwehutachiona hwehutachiwana, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa zvirwere zvepathogenic microorganisms muropa. Mazuva ano kuongororwa kweHIV kunogona kuona hutachiona mukati memasvondo matatu kusvikira ku5 mushure moutachiona.

Kurapwa kwehutachiona hweHIV

Therapy ye immunodeficiency virus chirongwa chakakomba uye zvakakosha kuchiswedera nayo zvakanyanya. Kuvharirwa neHIV hakuchina kutorwa semutongo. Mishonga inoziva maitiro akawanda ekubudirira. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa inonzi antiretroviral therapy, ine zvinangwa zvinotevera:

1. Rega kuwedzera kwehutachiona uye kuderedza utachiona hwehutachiona. Izvozvo ndizvo, itai kuti HIV mune mumuviri haisati yasarudzwa.
2. Dzorera utachiona. Mushure mekuderedza huwandu hwehutachiona, mutumbi unogona kuwedzera zvishoma nhamba yeCD4 lymphocytes inopa maitiro akakwana echirwere chemuviri.
3. Wedzera nguva uye hupenyu hwomurwere. Nguva yakatanga, kurapa kwakarurama kunoponesa HIV-kubva kune zviratidzo zvechirwere.

Kurapwa kwehutachiona hweHIV - zvinodhaka

Antiviral zvinodhaka kuzvidzora kudzokorora uye kunonoka kukura kwezvirwere zvine chokuita nehutachiona. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, vanhu vane HIV vanowana mazano ekutora mishonga yakadaro:

• Nevirapine;
• Ritonavir;
• Cytovudin;
• Tenofovir;
• Etravirine;
• Delavirdine;
• Maraviroc;
• Tipranavir;
• Abacavir;
• Lamivudine;
• Nelfinavir;
• Fozamprenavir.

Kurapa kweHIV nemishonga yevanhu kumba

Munhu anozvigadzirisa hutachiona hutachiona hunoita nenzira dzisingabvumirwi, asi mushure mekunge taudza chiremba. Vapori vanokurudzira HIV-positive kuti vaende kune yakakwirira-calorie zvokudya zvezvokudya. Kudya pistachios akawanda, oats, pine nuts, jisi, kupa muto, shuga, nyama ndiro. Inobatsira vanhu vane utachiona hwemishonga yemakwenzi. Astragalus, midzi yenharaunda yegondo, violet, poplar buds, licorice midzi yakavhenganiswa muhuwandu hwakaenzana, yakadururwa nemvura inopisa uye inoputirwa kwemaawa matatu. Inwa kunwa kunofanira kuva musati wadya hafu yekapu.

Kubata muviri kwehutachiona hwehutachiona - kudzivirira

Kuchengetedza utachiona chete, kana uchiziva nekucherechedza mitemo yakawanda inokosha:

1. Kudzivirira kwehutachiona hweHIV kunosanganisira kurambwa kwepabonde zvepabonde.
2. Nguva dzose zvakakosha kuongororwa nekuda kwehutachiwana mumuviri.
3. Nzira dzokudzivirira utachiona hweHIV dzinosanganisira kuramba kwemishonga.