Kune vabereki, kuberekwa kwomwana ndicho chiitiko chikuru muupenyu uye mufaro mukuru. Uye nokuda kwenyika iyo mwana uyu akaberekerwa - ichi ndicho chitarisiko chemugari mutsva, iyo inofambidzana nemitemo yakawanda. Chimwe chezviitiko izvi zvakasimbiswa ndechekusimbisa uye kuburitswa kwehukama hwemwana.
Ndezvipi mamiriro ezvinhu anogadza kuva vagari vevana?
Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, mamiriro ezvinhu anotsanangurira ukama hwemwana pakuberekwa angasiyana. Izwi rezvesayenzi rekugadza ukama hwekuzvarwa nebazi. Munyika kune matatu mafomu makuru ebazi:
1. Jus sanguinis (lat.) - "nekodzero yeropa" - apo ukama hwomwana hunoenderana nehukama hwevabereki vake (kana mubereki umwe). Iyi fomu yebazi inogamuchirwa munyika dzakawanda dzenyika, kusanganisira munzvimbo yese yeSoviet.
Mamwe mashoko ezvemamiriro ezvinhu ekuwana hukama "nekodzero yeropa" pamuenzaniso weRussian Federation. Pasi pemutemo weRussia, mugari weRussian mucheche mwana kana vabereki vake (kana kuti mubereki mumwechete) panguva yekuzvarwa kwake vaive nehurosi hwekuRussia. Muchiitiko ichi kuberekwa kwomwana hakubatsiri. Saizvozvowo, nyatsoteerera kune zvipi zvinyorwa zvinodiwa kuti uzvinyore hukama hwemwana. Izvi zvinonyanya magwaro anosimbisa ukama hwevabereki: pasipoti ine chinyorwa pamusoro pehugari hwehugari kana (kana chiratidzo ichocho mupasipoti hachipo) tikiti yeuto, tsvina kubva mubhuku reimba, chidziro kubva panzvimbo yekudzidza, nezvimwewo. Uye kana mwana wacho ane mubereki mumwe chete, imwe nyanzvi ichadikanwa kusimbisa kusavapo kwemubereki wechipiri (rufu chechipiri, chigadziko chematare pamusana pekurambidzwa kodzero dzevabereki, nezvimwewo). Kana mumwe wevabereki ari mugari weimwe hurumende, chiiti chinofanira kuendeswa kune Federal Federal Transformation iyo mwana asina hukama hwehurumende iyoyo. Pamusoro pezvinyorwa izvi uye (mune dzimwe nguva) kushandiswa kwomufambiro wakagadziriswa, hukama hwemwana hunosimbiswa: tsananguro inofanirwa inoiswa kumashure kwechikoro chekuberekwa kwomwana. Chirongwa chekuberekwa chine tampamera yakadaro pachayo chidziro chekuzivisa hurumende yeRussia yemwana. Kana iyo chibereko chekuberekwa chiri kunze, tamputi inowanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo yakatarisana neyo kushandurwa kwechiziviso chechiiti. Pasati yaFebruary 6, 2007, zvesitikiti zvekuberekwa, chibereko chekuberekwa chakaiswa.
2. Jus soli (chiLatini) - "nekodzero yevhu (nyika)" - chipiri chebazi, umo uhu hwevana hunotsanangurwa nenzvimbo yekuzvarwa. Ie. mwana wacho anogamuchira hurumende yenyika iyo akaberekerwa nharaunda yake.
Nyika dzinopa hukama kuburikidza nekuberekerwa munharaunda yavo kuvana (avo vane kunyange vatorwa nevatorwa vese) inowanzo nyika dzeNorth uye South America (iyo inonzwisisika nezvakaitika kare). Here is their list: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Lesotho, Mexico, Nicaragua , Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Christopher neNevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent uye Grenadines, Trinidad uye Tobago, USA, Uruguay, Venezuela. Ikoko kunewo dzimwe nyika dzekare dzeCIS nyika inopa hurumende "nekodzero yevhu" - iri Azerbaijan. Nenzira, "kodzero yeropa" inoshanda panguva imwe chete muRepublic.
Nyika dzakawanda dzinowedzera "kodzero yevhu" nezvimwe zvinoda uye zvigadziriswa. Somuenzaniso, muCanada, inoshanda kune munhu wose, kunze kwevana vanoberekerwa mundima yevashanyi venyika. Uye muGermany iyi kodzero inowedzerwa nezvinodiwa zvekugara kwevabereki munyika yacho kwemakore masere. Zvose zvinyorwa zvemagazini iyi zvinotsanangurwa mumutemo wehurumende imwe neimwe. Kubva kwavari kunotarisawo nzira yekubudisa ukama kumwana wekrete.
3. Nhaka - iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa yebazi, iyo inowanikwa munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Somuenzaniso, kuva vagari veLatvia kunogamuchirwa nevose vanababa avo vaiva vagari veRepublic of Latvia pamberi paJune 17, 1940.
Ndinoda hurumende kumwana wangu here?
Kugutsikana kwehukama hwemwana zvakakosha kuwana pasipoti, pasina chiratidzo pamusoro pehugari hwehugari, kwete kugamuchira mari yekuberekwa, uye mune ramangwana chibvumirano chekuziva rudzi rwemwana chichadiwa kuti uwane pasipoti yakawanda.