- Tsamba: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1
- Ground: XI in
- Nharaunda: 8.81 hekta
Guta rechokwadi rechiJudha muPrague riri pakati pe Old Town Square neRwizi rwaVltava. Nhasi ruwa rweJosefov rune chikamu chepamusoro cheguta rine dzimba dzinoremekedzwa. Pane imwe nguva maiva neimba duku yevaJudha, inonzi "Prague ghetto". Iyi yemazuva ano yechiJudha yechitanhatu inoshamisa zvakare musuo wemuziyamu: yakachengetedza hupfumi hwakawanda hunoshamisa hwehupfumi hwekare hwekuti vose vakakokwa vePrague vanoda chaizvo kushanyira.
Nhoroondo yeJudha yechikamu cheJosefov muPrague
Nhoroondo yeruwa Josefov muCzech Republic inoshamisa uye ine utsinye, asi panguva imwechete inofadza chaizvo. Vagari vechiJudha vakaonekwa pano nechekupera kwezana remakore rechi11, uye shure kwemazana mazana mashanu vose vaJudha vePrague vakagadziriswa patsva pano. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita "ghetto muPrague" yakaonekwa. Vanhu vari muruwa rwechiJudha vairarama zvakaoma zvikuru, vaipesana muzvinhu zvose:
- muGuta Idzva, rakarambidzwa kuonekwa;
- dzimba kunze kweghetto dzakanga dzisingagoni kutengwa;
- ivo vakabhadhara mitero yakakwirira kwazvo munyika;
- panguo dzinofanira kunge dzine zviratidzo zvekufananidzira;
- Kwemazana emakore mazana evanhu vaJudha vakatambura nematambudziko anopesana nemaSemitic.
Mamiriro acho akavandudzwa chete pakati peIXX yezana remakore. apo vaJudha vakagamuchira kodzero yakaenzana nevaKristu. Iko chete ipapo ivo vakakwanisa kurarama kune chero rutivi rweguta. Mutemo wevaJudha wakagamuchira zita rake rokuti "Josefov" mukukudza Mambo Emakore Josef II, uyo akaita shanduro dzakasununguka pamusoro peCzech Czech.
Muganhu uri pakati peIXX ne XX mazana emakore. vakaparadza vazhinji vesuwa revaJudha muPrague: migwagwa mitsva yakaiswa pano. Zvisinei, nhepfenyuro yezvakaitika kare uye zvigadzirwa zvekuvakwa zvakachengetedzwa. Peji inotyisa uye inosuruvarisa yezvakaitika zvechiJudha chekutanga kwaive kuuya kwevaNazi kusimba. Mushure mokuparadzwa zvachose kwevaJudha, vakaronga kubva kubva muchina ichi kuti vagadzire musamuti wevanhu vakanyangarika. Yakanga iri nekuda kwechisarudzo chakadaro chaHitler, uyo akarayirwa kuti maitiro uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunamata zviuyiswe pano, uye chikamu cheJosefov chakachengetedzwa. Pasi apa unogona kuona mufananidzo we nzvimbo yeChikwata chechiJudha muPrague pamepu.
Zviratidzo zveChikamu chechiJudha muPrague
Josefov inzvimbo yakasiyana nedzimwe tsika dzechiJudha, iyo isina mifananidzo muEurope. Rwendo rwekutungamirirwa nokuda kwekushanya kwako kwebhokisi richave nyeredzi yaDavid, iyo yakagadzirirwa pano pamusoro pedzimba dzose. Chinofadza kuona muChikamu chechiJudha muPrague:
- Yekare-Itsva yeSinagogi . Ichi ndicho chiyeuchidzo chekare chechitendero uye nzvimbo huru yemweya yevaJudha muPrague, yakagadzirirwa muna 1270. Munguva yaro yakareba yakaitika, hazvina kuchinja kuonekwa kwayo kwepakutanga.
- High synagogue. Mumakore kubva muna 1950 kusvika muna 1992, yakagara ichinyorwa chePrague Jewish Museum. Mushure mokuvandudzwa muna 1996, sinagogi yakazova imba yekunamatira yevaJudha vagari vePrague.
- Musasa weSajzel. Imwe yedzimba dzakanakisisa dzemunamato mumuganhu weJosefov muPrague. Yakavakwa muna 1592 seasinagogi rega rerabi weghetto uye dare remari raMambo Rudolph II Modhekai Meisel. Nhasi haina kushanda seimba yekunyengetera, asi senzvimbo yekuchengetedza maJuda Museum.
- Musinagogi wePakinik. Vakaivaka kubvira kubva muna 1519 kusvika ku1535. Pasinei nekuti yakaramba ichidzorerazve kuvaka, yakaramba iine maitiro echiRenaissance neGothic. Iye zvino chivako ichi chiyeuchidzo chakakurumbira kune vakaurayiwa neHolocaust uye pakati pechiJudha tsika.
- Klaus synagogue. Inowanikwa pedyo ne Old Jewish Cemetery. Muna 1689 yakaparadzwa nemoto, asi kare muna 1694 sinagogi yakadzorerwa zvachose, uye ikozvino muBaroque style. Mumusha wekunamatira mune tsanangudzo yeHudhiya Jewish Museum.
- Isinagogi yeSpain. Imba yechiJudha yekunamatira yakavakwa muna 1867. Maorish style anowanika mukuvakwa, nokuti inonakidza uye yakakwana yeasypical pamusangano wechiJudha. Mukuwedzera kune chinangwa chikuru, nhengo dzemakonti nemakaratidzi anoitwa mukati memadziro aro.
- Jerusarema kana Svondo reJubheri. Iyo yakakurumbira, yakanaka uye yemazuva ano, yakavakwa muna 1906. Kunyange zvazvo sinagogi iri chaizvo iri kunze kwechiJudha Quarter, iri pane zvakarongwa zvayo.
- The Jewish Town Hall . Chivako ichi kubvira muna 1577 chinoshanda sechinhu chikuru chemusha wevaPrague vaJudha. Inogara pedyo nekona kubva kuSinagogi Yakare. Nguva yevashanyi netsamba dzechiHebheru, kuenda kune imwe nguva nenguva.
- Anzvimbo yekare yevaJudha . Chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinokosha zvechiJudha tsika. Munzvimbo ino vanhu vanopfuura zana nemakumi ezviuru vakavigwa, kusanganisira huwandu hwemifananidzo yechiJudha tsika netsika.
- Mufananidzo waRabhi Levi. Yakasikwa muna 1910 uye yakaiswa pakona yeNew Town Hall. Mufananidzi L. Shaloon akanyatsopedza nguva apo mudziviriri wechiJudha, nyanzvi, rabbi nemafungiro vakatora kubva pamaoko omusikana wechidiki rose rose, maererano nenyano, rufu rwake rwakanga rwakavanzwa.
- Mufananidzo waMosesi. Mupaki pedyo neSantoonovo sinagogi muna 1937, chikumbaridzo chemhangura kumuporofita chakaiswa, icho chinonyora zita raAdam mumupumburu. Iyo inoyevedza, yakasikwa muna 1905 naF. Bilek, panguva yekushanda yakanyungudutswa nefascists. Kutenda kumuenzaniso wepende, iyo chirikadzi yemuvezi akadziponesa, basa rekugadzira rakadzorerwa muhupenyu raro hwepakutanga.
- Iyo chivigiro uye chiyeuchidzo cheFranz Kafka. Munyori akaberekerwa muGhetto yechiJudha, saka hazvishamisi kuti chivako chekuyeuchidza chakanga chakavakirwa pamwe neMayzelova Street, kwaaigara. Muna 2003, pedyo nesinagogi yeSpain, chinyorwa chisingazivikanwi chebasa remuvezi J. Ron rakaiswa, richiratidza munyori akagara pamusoro pedengu isina chinhu.
- Nhoroondo yaRobert Guttmann. Imba yekuratidzira yakavhurwa muna 2001. Munzvimbo iyi unogona kuonga basa revevevheti uye vaduku vemaveji vehurudzi rwechiJudha.
Chii chakutenga muChikamu chechiJudha?
Zvechokwadi, mune iyo nzvimbo yevashanyi munzvimbo yePrague kune mabhizimisi mazhinji, mabhizinesi ezvokuyeuka uye matende. Kubva pamagariro edzimba unogona kutenga magetsi, mari, mapepadidhi ekuratidza zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zveChiJudha cheQuarter muPrague. Panewo zviyeuchidzo zvichakuyeuchidza chaizvo pamusoro pekushanyira "Prague ghetto" - aya mafananidzo akasiyana-siyana evhu ivhu Golem, achinyengetera vaRabhi, marudzi ose ezvinyorwa zveredzi yaDavid na kip.
Quarter yechiJudha muPrague - Ungasvika seiko?
Chikamu chaJosefov chikamu chekare Old Prague uye ndeyemunharaunda yehurumende yePrague 1. Mutsara weChikamu chechiJudha muPrague: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1. Unogona kusvika pano sezvi:
- famba kubva kuCall Town Square, famba mumugwagwa waPařížská anenge 150-200 m;
- pane metro mumuganhu wakareruka, ibva pachiteshi Staroměstská;
- Pamusoro peZvi. 17, 18, bvisa paSimomoto Staroměstská.