Mapiramidhi ndiyo kadhi yakashanya yeEgypt. Uchapupu hwokuti mapiramidi eEgypt yekare akavakwa nevatorwa, vaityisa ...
Kwemakore akawanda vanyori venhau dzakaitika vasina kutaridzika vanofungidzirwa kuti mapiramidi ndiyo nzvimbo yekuvigwa kwemaharahara, uye imwe shanduro yakaiswa seasayenzi. Asi nekubudirira kwesayenzi uye teknolojia, nzira yekudzidza mapiramidhi yakashanduka: zvaive zvichikwanisa kuwana zvisingatarisirwi zvinhu zvisingatarisirwi pamusoro pavo, kuchinja mafungiro ekare pamusoro pezvivako zvinoshamisa zvemapuranga. Nhasi kunyange sayenzi yehurumende hairambe kuti mapiramidhi akaita mabasa iwayo, ayo matsva emazuva ano ane pfungwa inofungidzira ...
Ndezvipi zvapupu zvakaona zvichiti pamusoro pemapiramidi?
Kukurukurwa kwezvivako zvechitendero kwaiva rudzi rwemagariro kare kare: chimiro chepamutemo chekugutsa kufarira kwevaranda muEgypt yekare kunonzi kusikwa kwekuvigwa kwemumiri wevanamwari panyika - pharao. Nokudaro, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kuwana zvapupu zvekugadzirwa kwavo.
Wokutanga wavo ainzi Herodotus - anonzi ndiye munyori wenhau yokuti mapiramidi akavakwa nevaranda. Akataura kuti pakati pe makumi maviri nezana zviuru zvevashandi vaibatanidzwa mukusikwa kwemakuva panguva dzakasiyana. Uye pano kunouya kukakavadzana kwekutanga, kusingagoni kusiyiwa pasina kufunga. Herodotus anoti izvo zvekuvakwa kweSphinx chete, semuenzaniso, 2.3 mamiriyoni ematombo ematombo akayera matani mashanu imwe neimwe yakashandiswa. Pazuva iro vashandi vakaisa ma-unit 300-350, izvo zvinoreva kuti havana kutora maminitsi mashomanana kuti vatumire rimwe bhokisi. Ndeipi simba rinofanira kuitwa nevanhu kuti vararame nekushingaira kwakadaro?
Munyori wezvakaitika kare weEgypt Manefon, uyo akararama nguva isati yasvika, akanga ari munhu chaiye uye aisada kudzorera zvakare nhoroondo, sezvakaita Herodotus. Mubhuku rake rine musoro unoti "The History of Egypt," akati makore zviuru gumi akapfuura muEgypt aigara vanamwari vakatamisa mapiramidhi kuvaEgipita. Mashoko aManefon anotsigirwa nematombo ekugadzira akaiswa pavanopinda piramidi ye Cheops. Hieroglyphs pamusoro payo inotaura kuti chifananidzo cheSphinx chakadzorerwa shure kwemvura ine simba yakashamba nheyo dzayo. Asi nguva yekupedzisira nguva inonaya mvura munyika ino yaiva makore 7-8 zviuru apfuura! Pangosvika apo masayendisiti akava nehanya nechiteshi, hurumende yekuEgypt yakaraira rusvingo kuti ruvakwe mumadziro e Cairo Museum.
Tsanangudzo yekuvakwa kwemipiramidi, iyo pasina munhu anogona kuwana tsanangudzo
Kune mamwe mavara anojekesa kuti vanhuwo zvavo havakwanisi kugadzira pyramidhi. Kusiyana nemafungiro ekuti vaIjipita vane ruzivo rwakakosha rwakarashika gare gare, gore harina kupfuura, kuitira kuti zviedza zve sayenzi zvisakwanisa kuwana kuverengera kwavari. Iyo shanduro iyo zvivako zvechiyero ichi zvakasikwa chete sezviyeuchidzo kune madzimambo akafa, pakutanga inonzwika haisi kunyatsonaka.
Zvisiri-detectors zvinogona kuwanika kutanga nemashoko akashandiswa pakuvaka. Iyi ndiyo granite inofungidzirwa pamakamuri eAwanwan mumusangano weCheart Kingdom. Masvingo emakamuri ari akanyorova kusvikira nhasi, izvo zvinoreva kuti granite yakabvarurwa nemubatsiro wea laser kana diamond knife, iyo inokuya dombo iyo yekucheka. Izvo zvakagara zvichiratidzwa kuti vaIjipita vakanga vasina zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvebasa. Zvose izvi zvinopupurira kuti vaIjipita havana kuvaka mapiramidi: vakavadzosa kuti varambe vachionekwa sezvivako.
Nzira yakakosha yechikamu chekukuya yakashandiswawo pachikamu chekupedzisira chekusika kwepiramidhi pachavo. Iko kudonha pakati pezvivharo mumipiramidhi ye Cheops, Chephren naJoser vane zvidimbu zvakanyatsonaka, izvo zvisingagoni kunge zvakasikwa nechokugadzirisa chombo chevaIjipita - mhangura yakagadzirwa nemakona akaputika. Pazvivharo iwe unogona kuwana tsananguro yekukanda: iyo yakareba yegomba yakasara nayo inowanzosvika 2 kusvika ku5 cm. Sei vaIjipita, kana vakanyatsoziva kupinza uye kugema dombo, havana kutamisa huyu unyanzvi kuvana?
Nheyo dzemipiramidi yakawanda yakaiswa nematombo chaiwo. Nheyo ye piramidi ye Cheops yaiva dombo, iyo yakareba mamita gumi. Nheyo yaro ine nzvimbo yakakosha yakagadzirwa, uye inotarirwa kune dzimwe nharaunda dzenyika. Kuchinja mumakumbo epasi pasi apa kunoratidza kuti piramidi "yakashandurwa" kare-kare: yakashandura nzvimbo yemakona pasina kunze kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.
Dzidziso dzechokwadi pamusoro pemipiramidi yakave yakavanzwa kwemakore mazhinji
Masayendisiti haachazovanzi kuvanhu pachena kuti nemafungiro anowanzo nguva uye nzvimbo yevanhu, kuwanikwa kwepiramidhi hakuiti zvishoma. Iyo makemikari yemvura iri mairi inosiyana uye yakanatswa mabhakitiriya e-pathogenic, majeko anonyorerwa padombo risina chinhu, uye nguva yenguva inoita seinochera. Muchivako chakavanzwa chepiramidi ye Cheops uye piramidi, yakawanikwa panguva yekuchera kweTemberi yeIndia yeTeotiukan, mahwendefa emu mica ane mitsetse yakanyatsogadzirwa, yakagadziriswa yakawanikwa. Mica inogona kushanda semuchina we simba uye ruzivo, asi iyi pfuma yakawanikwa makore mashoma apfuura!
Pfungwa yokuti piramidi inogona kushandira uye yakashanda senzvimbo yepamusoro kune dzimwe nyika uye zviyero zvakasimbiswa zvakare nemunyori wenhau dzakaitika Manetho. Akasimbisa kuti mamwe mapiramidi aipiwa kune vaIjipita nevanamwari Osiris naIsis, ivo ivo pachavo vakavashandisa kuti vaburuke panyika. Mipiramidhi yaive yakachengetwa zvinhu zvekunamata, rimwe kugunzva kunogona kuzarura portal kana kudana zvisikwa kubva kune imwe nyika.
Pamadziro eTemberi yeTeotihukan muMexico, uko munguva yekare uye yakanga isinganzwi nezvemaharao, zvinyorwa zvezvakafanana zvakawanikwa. Muna 1927, shanduro yezvesayenzi yakatora bhehenya rakagadzirwa nekartz yakakonzerwa kubva piramidi. Mukati memazuva gumi nhengo dzose dzekufambisa dzakafa imwe pashure payo pasi pemamiriro asina kufanira. Gare gare, mamwe madhehenya akawanikwa, iyo yakatanga kusina munhu anogona kutsanangura kusvikira nhasi, uye avo vakavawana vakatevera nhengo dzekutanga kufamba.
Kana vaMaya vari muMexico uye vakaita kuti vanhu vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vawane rubatsiro rwetsanga, ipapo vaIjipita vane nguva chaiyo yemichina. Mukutanga kwema2000, hieroglyphs yakawanikwa mu piramidi ye Cheops, iyo inotaura nezvematombo, yaunogona kuenda naro mune ramangwana. Makore matatu gare gare, matombo matatu akawanikwa, akaiswa padenga reguva, kutonhora kwacho kune 2-3 nguva dzakaderera pane kutonhora kwemamwe mabwe. Hushando inotonhwa navo ndeyekupfuura kunyange kutonhora kwechando: kupisa kwekushisa kwakaratidza kuti kunyange nekupisa kwematombo masikati masikati kupisa, zvitatu zvegranite zvinoramba zviri mazaya-kutonhorera kumubata. Sayenzi inobwinya ine mafungiro maviri chete pamabhuku avo: kana mabwe ari muhumwechete, asi ivo vanobata kutonhora kweimwe, kana kuti vanovanza mukova wekamuri umo mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yefizikiki inoshanda.
Yechipiri inodzidziswa nezvemabasa emipiramidi ndeyokuishandisa seintenna kana kuti chinogamuchirwa chechiratidzo chekugara kune dzimwe nyika. Iyo piramidi pachayo yakafanana yakagadzikana nekristalo uye imwechete iyo inobatwa nenzira yeetrahedron inowanikwa mukugadzirwa kwayo. Piramidi inovandudza kutumirwa kwechiratidzo, uye makristar e quartz anogona kushanda sehuniki nehupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Mumupumburu weIjipiti wekare, pane maitiro akawanda ehumwe uchapupu hwokuti ruzivo rwekushandiswa kwekristol rwakange hwakavanzika kubva kuvanhu kusvikira radzidza kukunda kuipa.
Mukutsigira kwekufungidzira uku, masayendisiti akawana mapiramidhi paMaris, ayo nhasi anotaridzika senyika inobatsira. Nhanho iri kugadzirirwa kutumirwa kukonzera nyika, vanozvipira kubva pakati pevagari vePasi vatotonyorwa. Ko kana pavanosvika vanowana zvakasara zvekubudirira izvo zvisina kukwanisa kukunda zvakaipa pamusoro pevhu tsvuku?