Narcotic analgesics

Analgesics iboka remishonga inokwanisa kukonzera kana kubvisa manzwiro ekurwadziwa. Nehupenyu hwavo, zvinokonzerwa nemasvomhu nemigumisiro pamuviri, analgesics yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: narcotic uye kwete-narcotic.

Dhacotic uye kwete-zvinodhaka zvinodhaka

Zvisiri-zvinodhaka zvinodhaka zvinosanganisira:

1. Kugadzirira kunobva kuSalicylic acid: aspirin, sodium salicylate.
2. Kugadzirira kubva pa pyrazolone: ​​analgin, amidopyrine, butadione.
3. Kugadzirira kwakabva aniline: paracetamol, panadol, phenacetin.
4. Kugadzirira kwakabva kune alkanoic acid: diclofenac sodium, brufen.
5. Zvimwe: natrofen, piroxicam, dimexide, chlorotazole.

Zvinodhaka zvinodhaka:

1. Tincture uye kubvisa opium.
2. Alkaloids of opium: magadzirira ane morphine uye codeine.
3. Semisynthetic zvakafanana zve morphine: ethylmorphine, hydrocodone, nezvimwewo.
4. Synthetic substitutes for morphine: estocin, butorphanol, buprenorphine, methadone, sufentanil, alfentanil, oxymorphone, levorphanol, propoxyphene, nalbuphine, nalorphine, fentanyl, promedol, tramadol, tramal.

Pharmacology ye narcotic analgesics

Zvizhinji zveanalgesics zviyero, zvigadzirwa kana kuti semi-synthetic analogues of morphine. Zvichienderana nechitarisiko, vangave agonist kana agonist-antagonists opioid (kurwadziwa) kugamuchira.

1. Agonist: morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, levorphanol, oxycodone.
2. Mazana agonist: codeine, hydrocodone, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate.
3. Anyanzvi agonists: buprenorphine, nalbuphine, butorphanol, pentazocine, nalorphine (mavhenganisi anogadzirira maitiro agonist kana kuti chikamu agonist kune rumwe rudzi rwekugamuchira uye vanopikisa kune vamwe, izvo zvinoderedza ngozi yekupora kupora, matumbo nemigumisiro).
4. Vanopikisa: naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene.

Gwaro rekupedzisira pane zvakanyorwa haritauri nezvezvinodhaka zvinodhaka, asi vadzivisi vavo vane zvivako zvekudzivirira zvinoitika zveancotic analgesics. Zvinoshandiswa mukuwedzeresa kwezvinodhaka zvinodhaka kuti zvisiyane nemigumisiro yavo.

Migumisiro mumuviri

Nokuda kweancotic analgesics, zvinhu zvinotevera zvinoratidza:

1. Simba rine simba rakasimba, iro rinovabvumira kushandiswa kwekukuvadzwa uye zvirwere pamwe chete nekurwadziwa kwakanyanya.
2. Kufuridzira pamusoro penheyo yenheyo, inoratidzirwa mune simba rakasimba, uye ichikonzera kuvimba kwepfungwa uye kwemuviri nekugamuchirwa kwenguva refu.
3. Kubva kwekudzivirira kubvisa mukati mevanhu vane hutano hwakasimba.

Pharmacological properties yemishonga yakadaro, kuwedzera kune yakataurwa zvakafanana neanorganic effect, kugona, kupora kupera uye kukorodzwa reflex, kusimbisa mutinhi wechipfuva nemukumbo. Zvinogona kukonzera kushungurudza, kurutsa, kupesana kubva central nervous system (hallucinations) nezvimwewo migumisiro.

Mechanism of action

Zvinodhaka zveboka iri zvinokonzera chikamu chikamu cheuropi, iyo inokonzera kuongorora kwepfungwa, iyo inokanganisa kuongororwa mupfungwa uye mupfungwa kwekunzwa, kunoderedza kutya kunokonzerwa nayo. Kuwedzera kwekugadzirwa kwe endorphins, iyo inorwadza kugamuchira varoni (kureva, kuvadzivisa), izvo zvinoita kuti vadzivirire uye kuderedza marwadzo. Pasi pesimba remishonga, nzvimbo dzekunakidza uye mufaro dzinoshandiswa muuropi, manzwiro ekunaka, kusungwa, kufara kunogadzirwa, izvo zvinotungamirira pakuonekwa kwekufunga kwepfungwa.