Tuberculosis ndechimwe chezvirwere zvinonyanya kukanganisa nekuda kwekuti mune dzimwe nguva mamiriro acho anowedzera zvishoma pasina zviratidzo. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti iyo causative agent wechirwere, mycobacterium tuberculosis, kwenguva yakareba haine uturu hwemuviri womunhu, huri kubuda muhupfumi hwayo. Somugumisiro, makoloni emabhakitiriya anokura zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kuzvibvisa kunova kwakaoma zvikuru. Nhengo yakakanganiswa haigoni kudzorerwa.
Ndepapi pazvinenge zvichidiwa kuedza kuongororwa ropa kwemycobacterium tuberculosis?
Kusvika iye zvino, masayendisiti anoziva marudzi anopfuura makumi maviri eMycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) uye michina inoratidzika. Dambudziko guru kune vanhu rinomiririrwa naM M. tuberculosis, iyechetewo weKoch. Ndiyo bhakitiriya inokonzera zvirwere mu 90% emhosva. Vagari vomuAfrica neAsia vanowanzobatwa neBhakteria yaM. Bovis naM M. africanum marudzi, ayo akapararira munzvimbo dzinotyisa. Izvi zvipembenene zvakanyorwa mu5% ne3% pamatambudziko, zvichienderana. Vakasara 2% vevarwere vanowana tuberculosis kubva ku mycobacteria yemhando dzakasiyana:
- M. microti;
- M. pinnipedii;
- M. caprae et al.
Vanogona kurarama zvose mumuviri womunhu uye mune dzimwe mhuka. Ndokusaka mukaka wakajeka, ropa kana nyama zvinowanzokonzera zvirwere. Zvose izvi mabhakitiriya ndeaprokaryotes, zvichienderana nehutano hwavo hunokwanisa kugadzirisa kushanda kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.
Sarudza kuti mhando ipi yemishonga inoshanda mune imwe neimwe yakadaro, inogona kuwanikwa chete. Microbiology inoratidzira mycobacterium tuberculosis seimwe yezvinonyanya kupfurikidza - mumupata inogona kurarama kwemakore, isinganwi doro uye kutonhora.
Kuongororwa kwe mycobacterium tuberculosis kunogona kubva kune nzira dzinoverengeka:
- kuonekwa kwezvirwisana ku MBT muropa revanhu;
- kuonekwa kweganda zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwezvinhu zvinokonzera MBT;
- Mantoux muedzo wekuvapo kwemasero e tuberculin mumuviri;
- laboratory analysis of sputum nokuda kwehupo hwe MBT.
Kuyera ropa ndiyo yakarurama kwazvo, uye kune maitiro emhando dzakasiyana-siyana nokuda kwaro, iyo inofukidza zvakasiyana siyana zvinodiwa nevarapi - zvichienderana nenzvimbo ye foci yehutachiona uye zviratidzo zvevarwere.
Zviratidzo zvekurwisa zvinodhaka zve mycobacterium tuberculosis
Kuvhiringidzwa kweMBT kumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunogona kukundwa nerubatsiro rwekurapa kwakasimba. Panguva imwecheteyo, madhigirii matatu kusvika ku5 akasiyana-siyana anokwanisa kubviswa, anotsiviwa mushure mekunge imwe nguva inopindirana nevamwe. Izvi zvinokubvumira kuti uwane mishonga yakakodzera kwazvo uye wozovaka chirongwa chekurapa chakakomberedza.