Melanoma isumbu inouraya inokura kubva kumasero anogadzira pigments - melanins. Ichi chiremara chinotyisa zvikuru chinogona kuwanikwa panzvimbo ye retina yeziso, mucous membrane, asi kakawanda mucheche. Nzira yekurapa maranoma, uyewo maitiro matsva ekurapa kwechiranoma anoshandiswa zvakajeka kusvikira nhasi, tichakurukura zvakare.
Kutanga kufungidzirwa kwepakutanga - kurapa kwakanaka kwechironda
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, maererano nekuongororwa, varwere vakawanda vane melanoma vanocherechedza zviratidzo zvinotyisa kwenguva refu (dzimwe nguva kupfuura gore), asi zvingave zvisina hanya navo, kana kutanga kushandisa kurapwa kwechiranoma kumba kana kuti mishonga yevanhu. Dzimwe nguva kunyange nyanzvi mune ruzivo inoona zvakaoma kuziva chigamba chekutanga chekuvhiringidza kwakaipa kwe birthmark. Kujekesa kuongororwa kunoda bhiopsy nekuongorora kwake.
Nzira dzemazuva ano uye dzisingasviki dzekudzidza chimiro cheganda chiripo, zvichibva pahutachiona nekombiyuta inyanzvi (epiluminescent microscopy, fluorescence diagnostics, multispectral scanning, nezvimwewo). Kuti uone kuwanikwa kwezviitiko, kuonekwa kwemasastases kushandisa photoacoustic, ultrasound, tomographic zvidzidzo.
Nzira dzokurapa kwechirwere
Chinonyanya kukonzera kukura kwemalaoma - hazvizivikanwi kusvikira zvino, zvikonzero chete zvinowedzera dambudziko rechirwere ichi. Zvisinei, zvinokurudzira kuti mukurapa kwechirwere chechirwere chinokonzera kufambira mberi uye nhasi kunogona kuporesa chirwere chacho zvachose, asi kusvika ikozvino pamatangiro okutanga.
Nzira huru yekurapa maranoma inoshandiswa. Pazvikamu zvekutanga izvi nzira inoonekwa seyo chete uye yakakwana nzira yekurapa. Matanomas aunogona kubviswa kamwe chete, kana asingakureri kumakirinikodhi . Asi kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuwedzera kuongororwa kwemazuva ano kunodiwa kuti uone kuti chirwere chacho hachina kudzoka.
Pazvikamu zvekupedzisira, kana bundu racho rakawedzerwa, rine simba guru pamuviri. Saka pano, kunze kwekuvhiyiwa, dzimwe nzira dzinodiwa: chemotherapy , immunotherapy uye rayation (radiation) therapy.
- Chemotherapy inosungirwa kudzivirira maitiro emakemikari ekukurumidza kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba emarara.
- Immunotherapy inobva pakugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemaitiro uye kusagadzirisa zvirwere zvinodhaka, izvo zvinogona kumisa kupararira kwemasimisita.
- Radiation therapy - kuparadzwa kwemasero emukenza neyonizingisa mazai - inoshandiswa mumatanho ekupedzisira, nemagetsi ekure.
Kana paine kusungurudzwa kwechiremera chemakirini anowanikwa pedyo nechomuviri, biopsy yeimwe yei inoitwa; kana zvikakundwa, bvisai nhengo dzese dzemuviri dzenharaunda iyi.
Mutsva mushonga we melanoma kune dzimwe nyika
Kuwanikwa kwepamusoro-soro, midziyo inoshandiswa inotitendera kuti tive nekuvandudza maitiro ehutano hwekurapa uye kutanga zvitsva kuburikidza nekuitisa miedzo yakasiyana-siyana. Nhasi, kutarisa kwezvokurapa kuri kuwana mukurumbira, iyo inobvumira kugamuchira kurapwa kwemaranoma nedzimwe zvirwere kunze kwenyika - muIsrael, Germany, China, nezvimwewo.
Pakati penzira itsva dzekurapa maranoma kune dzimwe nyika ndezvekuti:
- Cryo- uye kuparadzwa kwemarara , photodynamic therapy (nokuda kwekusunungura melanoma).
- Vaccinotherapy iko kushandiswa kwemakemikari ane zvirwere zvinogona kurwisa masero anonyangadza pasina kuchinja hutano.
- Gene therapy ndiyo nzira inonyanya kuvimbisa,
iyo inosanganisira kushandisa madhiragi anokosha ekudzivirira geni rinokonzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kwemasero anouraya uye kuora kwekukura.
Nzira dzevanhu dzehutano hwechirano
Kurapa kwechirwere kunofanira kuitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu eimwe sangano rakasarudzwa, hapana nzira dzevanhu munyaya ino dzinoshanda. Izvi hazvigoni kunonoka kubvuma rubatsiro rwehutano, izvo zvakakosha mumatanho ekutanga echirwere, asiwo zvinowedzera kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu.