Rakazara izwi risinganzwisisiki kune vazhinji, iro kushandurwa kusununguka kwezwi rokuti "obscurantism" uye rinoshandurwa kubva muchiLatini se "kuvhara". Inogona kushandiswa kune mararamiro akasiyana-siyana, kutanga nechitendero uye kuguma nehurumende.
Chii ichi chinyaradzi?
Mafungiro ezvakaitika, zvichienderana nemafungiro asina hanya nesayenzi, tsika uye rusununguko rwomunhu, inonzi obscurantism. Sekurongwa kwakarongeka, yakaonekwa munguva yekutanga kwezvesayenzi neyekufambira mberi kwekambani. Vanhu vazhinji, vachirondedzera kuti ichi ndicho chinyaradzi, taura pamusoro pokunamata madhimoni. Iyi yemazuva ano inobva pane pfungwa dzakawanda:
- kuipa kwekudzidzisa nhamba huru yevanhu;
- iyo inoparadza simba rezvesayenzi uye yezvigadzirwa zvezvinobudirira;
- kushorwa kune chero shanduko dzakagadziriswa pakuwedzera rusununguko rwomunhu oga.
Denga uye kusaziva
Kunyange zvakadaro kusuruvara kunogona kuve kwakanaka, asi obscurantism nekusaziva zvikamu zvevanhu vemazuva ano, izvo, chaizvoizvo, zvikanganiso. Kana tichienzanisa zvido zvevanhu vemazuva ano nevaya vairarama muma60 uye 70, musiyano wacho wakasiyana. Obscurantism yakaita kuti vanhu vakamira kuedza kuwana dzidzo (muviri, nhoroondo, masvomhu), vachifunga kuti iyi inoparadza nguva uye iwe unogona kuwana mari pasina iyo. Kusangana nomunhu anonzwisisa zvisizvo hausi nyore. Chii chinotungamirira kune chiitiko ichi hachisi pachena, asi tarisiro, nhamo, zvinosuruvarisa.
Pseudoscience uye obscurantism
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuongorora nyeredzi, maitiro ekushanda nesimba, telekinesis nedzimwe nzira dzinonyanyozivikanwa, izvo chaizvoizvo dzisingabvumirwi nesayenzi, kunyange zvazvo kusina kukanganisa mavari. Zvose izvi pseudoscience, iyo ndiyo muenzaniso wekusina chechitendero obscurantism. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa neshoko rokuti sayenzi inoratidza kunyanyisa kwekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro nekuremekedza kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye mhirizhonga dzakadaro ndeyetsitsi ye obscurantism.
Orthodox obscurantism
Kukurukurirana kwechitendero uye obscurantism kunoonekwa kubvira pakutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwefungiro dzevanhu. Kuwana kuti chii chinonzi obscurantism chinoreva maitiro echitendero, zvakakosha kucherechedza iyo yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza, nokuti basa ravo nderokuchengetedza tsika dzevanhu. Chitendero chinonzi obscurantism chinoratidzika mukusaona mafungiro nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva. Vapristi vanoti vanhu vanofanira kuchengeta mitemo yose yechechi, kuenda kuchechi nguva dzose, kubatana nekudzivisa uye zvichingodaro.
Dzimwe nguva chitendero chinopa zororo uye somuenzaniso unogona kuuya neIndaneti, iyo kusvikira munguva ichangopfuura kereke inodana kuratidzwa kwedhiyabhorosi, asi pashure penguva iyi pfungwa iyi yakarongedzwa uye dzakasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzepamutemo dzeva dioceses, mapeji nezvimwe zvakadaro zvakaonekwa pahutaneti. Mune dzimwe nyaya zvisiri izvo zvichiri kuchengetedzwa. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti hazvizviratidzi kwete muOrthodoxy chete, asi mune dzimwe dzidziso dzechitendero.
Hurumende obscurantism
Zvinosuruvarisa kutaura chokwadi, asi vanhu vari munzvimbo dzehurumende vanoita zvakanakisisa kuti vadzivise vanhu kubva pakugadzira nekugadzira matambudziko. Hurumende obscurantism inozviratidza mukubviswa kwezvinetso zviripo mune sayenzi, tsika, dzidzo, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Pane urongwa hwemashandisirwo anoshandisa obscurantism:
- kunyengedzwa kwezvinoitwa nesayenzi;
- kusika kwemagwaro matsvene;
- kunyangadza kwevanhu;
- kushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana;
- kuumbwa kwevanhu vakavanzika;
- kuparadzwa kwevanhu vane tarenda uye vakangwara;
- kudzvinyirirwa kwevasikana.
Nzira yekugadzirisa sei obscurantism?
Zvichipa kupararira kwemafivhari mumasangano akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu, hazvingavi nyore kuipedza. Kurwisana ne-obscurantism kunosanganisira zviito zvakasiyana siyana, asi zvinofanira kutorwa mupfungwa kuti hazvisi nguva dzose.
- Itai sangano munharaunda yakazaruka yezvinetso zviripo.
- Kutsigira kurambidzwa pakuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha mumugariro wekutonga.
- Shingairira kuparadzira ruzivo uye kuratidza kusasha kwe dzidzo uye kuzvidzora kwevanhu vanopesana nekufambira mberi.
- Kukunda mazuva ano obscurantism zvinokwanisika kana kuparadzira sayenzi nenzira yakakodzera, iyo ichabatsira kubvisa kusaziva kwepo.
- Kupikiswa kwekushayikwa kwetsika uye hutongi hwezvematongerwe enyika, iyo ndiyo nheyo yekusimudzirwa kwechibvumirano.
- Kubatsira uye kusimbisa rusununguko rwekugadzira, kusanganisira sayenzi.