Astigmatism - chirwere chei, uye nenzira dzipi inogona kurapwa?

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekushandura muhutsananguro hwehuono, inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye myopia uye hyperopia. Astigmatism inowanzoenda "yakazara" nezvirwere izvi, dzimwe nguva kubva pakuberekwa. Nenzira iri nyore, iri muvanhu vakawanda, uye haisi kukonzera kusagadzikana. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chirwere chinonyanya kukanganisa maonero uye chinoda kugadziriswa.

Astigmatism - chii ichocho?

Ichishandurwa kubva mumutauro wechiLatini, dambudziko riri mubvunzo rinotsanangurwa sekuti kusina kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga. Kugadzira mufananidzo wakarurama, iyo cornea yeziso uye lens inofanira kuumbwa sebhola yebhola (soccer). Pamusana pokutenderera kwakanaka, chiedza chinonyatsoratidzirwa uye chinonyatsotarisa pakati pe retina pane imwe nzvimbo (macula). Astigmatism iri, mumashoko ari nyore, cornea yakakomba kana lens (kashoma kazhinji), sebhokisi yebhokisi reAmerica kana rugby. Nemhaka yechinyorwa pamwe chete nechimwe chezvikwangwani, chiedza hachigadziriswa zvakarurama, uye humwe hutano hunoonekwa hunoumbwa.

Nhamba iri pasi apa inobatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani astigmatism - chii ichocho, uye chii chinogadzirwa nemifananidzo yekugadzirisa pane retina. Mufananidzo wacho unoratidzira ziso rakanaka, rine runyararo cornea uye lens. Mirizi inoshandiswa nemudzidzi akafanana kubva kumativi ose, uye anotendeuka pane imwe nzvimbo mukati me retina. Ziso rechipiri riri mumufananidzo, rakaroverwa ne astigmatism, rinotapira chiedza kubva pane dzakasiyana-siyana. Nemhaka yeizvi, kune 2 kana kupfuura dzimwe pfungwa dzekutarisa. Inogona kuiswa pamberi pe retina kana kumashure kwayo, uye munhu wacho achaona zvose zvakasvibiswa kana kuora.

Astigmatism - zvikonzero zve

Zvimwe zvinokonzera chirwere ichi chinosarudzwa kuva mapoka maviri makuru. Zvimwe zvinokonzera astigmatism zvinogona kunge zvakabatana uye zvinowanikwa. Muchiitiko chekutanga, hazvibviri kukanganisa dambudziko rekudzidzira chirwere, kana kuti kuita kudzivirira kwayo. Zvirwere zvinowanzoitika kare munguva yehupenyu hwomunhu pasi pesimba remamiriro ekunze akaipa.

Congenital astigmatism - zvinokonzera

99% yehuwandu hwevanhu vakave vakarondedzera kukanganisa kwekuona. Kungofanana nehupamhi hwekuputika kwekromaa kana lens yakanyanya kuduku zvokuti ma-agmatism maziso ose haatapfuri 0,4-0.5 diopters. Ichi chiratidzo chediki chisingabatsiri maonero ekuona uye hachikonzeri kukanganiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kusagadzikana kunoitika apo kuvhara kunopfuura 0.75 diopters. Chikonzero choga chinokonzera kukanganisa kwakakura kwemaziso echiso. Nemhaka yevamwe vabereki vemazinza, mwana anovaka cornea yakakomberedzwa kana lenzi yakakoshesa pane imwe yenharo.

Yakagamuchira astigmatism - zvinokonzera

Kusvibiswa kwehumwe humwe hukamu hweziso hunogona kuitika mukukura. Yakagadziriswa kana yechipiri astigmatism - inokonzera:

• kushungurudzika kweziso nechinokanganisa lens kana cornea;
• maitiro ekuvhiya ophthalmological;
• keratoconus ;
• kupisa kwejunjunctiva kana cornea;
• keratitis ;
• corneal dystrophy ;
• kuvhiringidza maitiro muziso;
• chirwere chakakomba chiyero;
• bhakitiriya yakaoma uye utachiona hwemaziso;
• seams, zvinopisa pamakona.

Astigmatism - marudzi, maitiro

Muofthology 5 maitiro ehutano hunofungidzirwa akasiyana. Kurwisana kwe lens kana cornea nguva dzose kunosanganiswa ne hyperopia (hypermetropia) kana myopia (myopia). Maererano nechirwere chinokonzera, astigmatism inotsanangurwa:

• hypermetropic;
• myopic.

Zvichipa tsanangudzo yeastigmatism, ichi ndicho chikwereti chekromaa kana kuti lens pane imwe yemoyo (vertical or horizontal), ophthalmologists inofungidzira kuoma kwayo kune meridians. Kana isu tichifunga mupfungwa tichiisa zvikamu zvina zvakaenzana ne 2 zvidimbu zvakasiyana, munharaunda imwe neimwe inofanira kunge yakafanana uye zvikamu zvacho zvakasiyana-siyana zvevadzidzi. Kana iyo cornea kana lens iri yakakomberedzwa pane imwe yemameridi, imba yacho ichawedzerwa pamwe chete nemamwe mapanga, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo. Ichi chimiro chinogadza kuve nyore uye kuoma kunzwisisa kwehutano.

Simple hypermetropic astigmatism

Rudzi rwakarondedzerwa rwechirwere nderokubatanidzwa kwemazuva ose kunokonzera chiedza mune imwe meridian, uye zvisina kururama - mune imwe. Zvinokwanisika kutsanangura yakadaro setigtigatism neimwe nzira, kuti iyi ndiyo kubuda kwemashoko maviri ekuisa pfungwa. Imwe inowanikwa zvakarurama, iri pakati pe retina, uye imwe iri shure kwayo. Hypermetropic astigmatism yomufomu wakaoma inokonzera tangible, asi kwete yakaoma kuonekwa kuora mwoyo. Inonyatsokwanisa kugadzirisa kurapwa kana kugadziriswa.

Complex hypermetropic astigmatism

Muchiitiko chinoratidzwa, chiedza chinoshandiswa chisina kururama mune zvose meridians. Astigmatism yakawanda ye hypermetropic aina inotarisa mberi kune 2-axes, asi kune zviyero zvakasiyana. Somugumisiro wekuregererwa kusina kukodzera kwechiedza ne lens kana cornea, hapana nzvimbo yekutarisa inoumbwa pane retina. Izvo zviri shure kwazvo pane dzimwe nzvimbo, imwe mberi, imwe iri pedyo.

Simple myopic astigmatism

Izvi zvakasiyana-siyana zvechirwere zvinonzwisisika nekufananidza nemhando dzakapfuura. Kuziva tsanangudzo ye myopia ( kuswedera pedyo ), zvakajeka uye inosanganiswa nayo sotigmatism, kuti iyi ndiyo kuumbwa kweimwe yenzvimbo dzekutarisa pamberi pe macula. Pamusoro pe retina nekuda kweizvi, kwete mufananidzo wakajeka unoumbwa, asi nzvimbo yakajeka. A astigmatism inoratidzika yeiyi inoreva kuvepo kwechipiri chekucherechedza chaizvoizvo mu macula. Urwu hutano hwehutano hunoita kuti unzwisise myopia, asi unogona kunyatsogadziriswa kururamisa, kunyanya nenzira dzokuvhiya.

Complex myopic astigmatism

Nzira yakaratidzwa yehutachiona hutachiona inoratidzirwa nekuputika kwekonoa kana lens mu 2 meridians. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, myopic astigmatism yehutano hwakaoma inofambidzana nekuona kwenguva pfupi. Mune macula, hapana imwe pfungwa yekutarisa, ivo vose vari pamberi payo. Pamusoro pe retina pane chete nzvimbo huru uye yakajeka.

Mixed astigmatism

Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofungidzirwa zvechirwere zvinoonekwa sezvinonyanya kuoma uye zvinotungamirira kukuvhiringidza kwakakomba. Astigmatism yakavhenganiswa - chii ichocho: myopic refraction ye chiedza mune imwe meridian uye hypermetropic pane imwe axis. Somugumisiro, hapana imwe pfungwa yekutarisa pane retina. Kana zvakataurwa pamusoro apa zvinonzi astigmatism, kusanganisira zvinetso zvakaoma, zvinoratidza kuisa kwemazuva emvura kana kumashure kwema macula, uye iyo yakavhenganiswa inobatanidza matambudziko aya. Chimwe chinhu chinonyanya kukoshesa chiri shure kwetina, uye imwe haisviki.

Astigmatism - zviratidzo

Chirwere chemakiriniki chehutachiona hachisi chaicho, kusvika pane imwe pfungwa ingasabatanidzwa nehosha. Zvingaita zviratidzo:

• kunonoka kwemaziso;
• defocus of vision;
• misoro inonyanya kuve yakasikwa;
• kusvibiswa, kukanganisa, kuwirirana kwechifananidzo chakaonekwa;
• chikonzero chekunyengera pachitarisa zvinhu;
• kukanganiswa kwameso;
• kurwadziwa, kupisa kunzwa mukati maziso ;
• kubwinya kwepuroteni nekuda kweropa yemidziyo yeropa;
• kunzwa kwekuvapo kwejecha mumaziso.

Kuoma uye kuwanda kwezviratidzo izvi kunobva pauwandu hweastigmatism:

1. Wakakosha - kusvika kune 3 diopters. Iyi ndiyo yakasiyana uye inofadza zvakasiyana-siyana dzehutachiona, nokuti inorapwa zvakanaka chero ipi zvayo iripo.
2. Avhareji - kusvika ku 6 diopters. Zviratidzo zve astigmatism zvinoratidzwa zvakanyanya zvokuti kugadziriswa kune magirazi hazvizogadziriswi zvakare. Lenses kana kuvhiyiwa zvinoda.
3. Zviremera - zvinopfuura 6 diopters. Iyi fomu inoratidzirwa kuchinja kwakakomba mumamiriro e-cornea. Dambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa chete nenzira dzekushanda.

Astigmatism - kurapa

Kurapa kwekuputika kwekonoa kana lens kunobva pahuwandu hwechirwere uye kusimba kwechirwere chechipatara chacho. Kururamiswa kweastigmatism kunoitwa nenzira 4, kazhinji vanobatanidzwa pamwe chete:

• kupfeka mavarai akadai ;
• kushandisa magirazi;
• classical operation;
• laser chirurgical.

Lens with astigmatism

Izvi zvinoshandiswa kurapa zvakakodzera kururamisa unyoro uye huwandu hwehutano hwehutano. Iko kune marudzi maviri emarori:

1. Kunze. Pfungwa dzeastigmatism dzinosarudzwa pachavo kune mumwe murwere mushure mekunyatsorapwa, panguva iyo danho rechirwere uye chimiro chairo chairo, uye kutsanangurwa kwemaonero ekutsanangurira pfungwa. Mazimbe ane maitiro ekugadzirisa uye chimiro chakaoma. Mune vamwe varwere ophthalmologist akapfeka magirazi akadaro anokonzera kushushikana kusingafadzi - kuputika misoro, kurwadziwa mumaziso, kusanzwisisika kusingaoneki uye mutsivi.
2. Contact. Pakutanga kwekugadziriswa kweastigmatism, lenzi yakasimba yakanyanya kushandiswa, iyo yakakonzera dambudziko mukushandisa kwavo. Vakatambudza ziso, pamwe chete nekuoma nguva dzose, kupisa, kunzwa kwejecha nemamwe matambudziko. Mune mazuva ano ofthmology, toric contact lenses inowanzotaurwa. Zvinonyorera, asi zvine spherocylindrical shape. Izvi zvinopa kururamisa kwepamusoro kwehuono kunze kwekuvhiringidza kwezvigadzirwa zvakasimba.

Hapana magirasi, kana kutora lensisi inzira dzinobatsira dzekubvisa istigmatism. Vanongobatsira munhu kuti aone zvakajeka, asi usabvisa chinokonzera chinokonzera chirwere. Lenses ichafanirwa kuchinjwa nguva dzose, uye chiratidzo chinowedzera kuwedzera. Nzira chete inobatsira yekurapa chirwere ichi ndeyekurapa-kupindira kwekuvhiya.

Astigmatism - maziso eziso

Kutarisa gymnastics inorayirwa kuvarwere vane chirwere chinorondedzerwa chirwere, asi chekudzivirira kukanganisika kwekuona kana pamatanho ekutanga. Kunyange zuva rega rega uye nguva refu ikozvino muviri haisi nzira inobatsira, kuporesa astigmatism. Gymnastics haibatsiri kudzorera chimiro chakanaka chekonoa kana lens, rinongoderedza kukanganisa kubva maziso uye inovandudza kupararira kwemahara kweropa.

Izvo zvakaoma zvinosanganisira 4 maitiro ekudzidzira, mushure meumwe neumwe wavo zvakakosha kuvhara maziso emaawa mashanu kusvika ku10 uye wozorora:

1. Tarisa kumusoro, zvino pasi. Dzokorora 10-15 nguva.
2. Tungamirira maonero diagonally (maximally) kumusoro uye pasi. Dzokorora kune rumwe rutivi rwechikamu 5-8 nguva.
3. Tarisa kuruboshwe, ipapo kurudyi. Dzokorora 10-20 dzimwe nguva.
4. Shandura maziso ari panotungamira uye pamasikati. Ita 10-12 inotendeuka.

Kudzidziswa kwakanaka kwemaonero uye kukwanisa kukurumidza uye kururamisa kunongedzera muviri unogona kuitwa mangwanani oga oga. Iwe unofanirwa kumira pahwindo uye uchinyatsocherechedza chinhu chipi zvacho chiri kure-muti, muvhenji wakatarisana, shiri pane bazi. Mushure memasekondi makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemasere munofanira kuchinja zvakanyanya maziso enyu kune chinhu chakavhara, somuenzaniso, ruoko rwenyu kana peni pahwindo. Dzokorora kanomwe.

Astigmatism is opération

Kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokupindira mune chirwere ichi. Astigmatism yeziso - kurapwa nemaitiro akawandisa:

1. Keratotomy. Mukati mekushanda, radial (sezwi mukati megumbo) inodonha neecalpel inoshandiswa kune cornea. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza kusakanganiswa kusina kukodzera kwechiedza mune meridian yakakomberedzwa, iyo inoita kuti kuve nekusimudzira kwekutarisa mukati me retina.
2. Laser kururamiswa kweastigmatism. Iyi ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa uye inorwadza, yakakodzera kurapwa kwehutano kusvika ku 3-4 diopters. Munguva yekuvhiya, chiremba anovhiya anokonzera chikamu chekonea yakakomberedzwa ne laser pakadzika zvakanyatsoverengwa. Somugumisiro, inowona yakarurama yakagadzikana, iyo inoratidza kukwanisa kwayo kuburitsa chiedza.
3. Kumiswa kweturuji phakic lenzi. Iyi nzira inopiwa kana kushandiswa kwemalasi kusingabviri chero chikonzero. Iyo yakafanana yekubatanidza toric lens, iyo yakaitwa yezvinhu zvinogadziriswa, inowanikwa mukati meziso (kamashure kana kamera rekare). Izvi zvinodzokorora zvakananga zvakananga uye inovandudza kujekeswa kworatidzwa.
4. Lensectomy. Iyi sarudzo inoshandiswa mukurapa maitiro akaoma eastigmatism. Basa racho rinoshandiswa kugadziriswa kwe lens. Icho chinotsiviwa nechimiro chekugadzira, iyo inopararira inopira mukati.