Nhamba yezvirwere zvakanyanya kuipa zvinosanganisira zvirwere izvo zvinoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwehutachiona hunotyisa, ihwohwo. inokwanisa kugovera mashoma pakati pevanhu. Izvo zvinoratidzwawo zvakanyanya zvemazuva ano, dambudziko guru rekuuraya uye rinogona kuumba hwaro hwezvombo zvezvisikwa zvekuparadza kwakawanda. Funga kuti zvipembenene zvinoratidzirwa sezvinotyisa zvakadini, uyewo kuti unozvidzivirira sei kubva kune utachiona.
Zvirwere zvakanyanya ngozi uye zvirwere
Munyika mishonga apo hapana maitiro eunifomu pamusoro pezvipi zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunofanirwa kuonekwa seine ngozi zvikuru. Mazita ezvirwere zvakadaro akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, anogona kubhadharwa nezvirwere zvitsva uye, asi zvinopesana, kusabvisa zvimwe zvirwere.
Parizvino, mapirisa epidemiologist anonamatira kune urongwa, hunosanganisira 5 zvirwere zvinotyisa zvikuru:
- anthrax;
- cholera ;
- denda;
- Tularemia;
- yellow fever (uyewo mafungiro akafanana eEbola naMarburg).
Anthrax
Zoonotic utachiona, i.e. ichiparidzirwa kuvanhu kubva kumhuka. Izvo zvinokonzera chirwere chacho chirwere chinonzi spore-forming, iyo yakachengetedzwa muvhu kwemakumi emakore. Iko kunokonzera utachiona huri kurwara mhuka dzomukati (dzakakura uye duku mombe, nguruve, nezvimwewo). Utachiona hunogona kuitika mune imwe yenzira dzinotevera:
- pini;
- mweya-guruva;
- alimentary;
- kudarika.
Chirwere ichi chine nguva shoma yekudzivirira (kusvika kune mazuva matatu). Zvichienderana nekliniki yemufananidzo weanthrax, kune marudzi matatu eanthrax:
- ganda;
- utumbo;
- pulmonary.
Cholera
Chirwere chinokonzera bhakitiriya, chiri cheboka rezvirwere zvepachivi. Izvo zvinokonzera chirwere ichi chilera vibrio, iyo inonyatsochengetedzwa pamadzikira ekudzivirira uye mumamiriro emvura. Zvitubu zvehutachiona munhu anorwara (kusanganisira pazheji yekudzorera) uye vibrio carrier. Utachiona hunowanikwa nehutachiona-muromo.
Iyo yekudzivirira nguva yechirwere ichi kusvika mazuva mashanu. Chinhu chinonyanya kuipa kemera, iyo inoyerera mufomu yakacheneswa kana kuti inopisa.
Dambudziko
Chirwere chakaipisisa chinopararira chinoratidzirwa nehutachiona hwepamusoro uye kukanganisa kukuru kwekufa. Iyo causative agent ndiyo ibwe, iyo inoparidzirwa nevanhu vanorwara, makiritsi uye zvipembenene (fleas, nezvimwewo). Dambudziko regandanga rinopikisa zvikuru, rinomiririra kutsika kwakadzika. Nzira dzekufambisa dzakasiyana:
- transmissible;
- air-drip.
Kune marudzi mazhinji ehutenda, iyo yakawanda kwazvo iyo inonzi pulmonary uye bubonic. Nguva yekudzikinura inogona kusvika kune mazuva matanhatu.
Tularemia
Utachiona-hutachiona hwehutachiona, hunonyanya kuipa, huchangobva kuzivikanwa kuvanhu. Iyo causative agent is anaerobic tularemia bacillus. Mavhiri ehutachiona maitiro, mamwe mhuka (hura, makwai, etc.), shiri. Panguva imwe chete, vanhu vanorwara havatapukidzi. Ikoko kune kutevera nzira dzehutachiona:
- transmissible;
- kuporesa;
- pini;
- alimentary.
Nguva yekudzivirira, pamwero wega, mazuva matatu kusvika ku7. Kune marudzi mazhinji e tularemia:
- matumbo;
- bubonic;
- generalized;
- ulcer-bubonic uye vamwe.
Yellow fever
Inonyanya kuipa virus utachiona, hwakafanana nemarariya. Iyo causative agent ndiyo arbovirus, inoparidzirwa kuburikidza nekurumwa kwemumonyo. Ebola uye Marburg fever zvinokonzerwa nefiloviruses, inotakurwa nemakondohwe eAfrica matsvuku nemamwe marudzi emakuru. Utachiwana hunoitika nenzira dzinotevera:
- kudonha mhepo;
- pin.
Kudzivirirwa kwezvirwere zvakanyanya ngozi
Iyo inonyanya kukosha muhutano hwehutachiona hwekudzivirira hutachiona hwehutachiona husina ngozi huri hweprophylaxis, hunoti:
- kushandiswa kunovimbiswa nemvura yakachengeteka uye zvinwiwa;
- kushamba kwakakwana kwezvibereko nemiriwo;
- kutora chete zvokudya zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanyisa;
- kushambidza munzvimbo dzakasarudzwa;
- kuchengetedza mitemo yehutano hwehumwe, nezvimwewo.
Hemhizha inofanirawo kuitwa chero nguva zvichibvira.