Imwe yenzvimbo dzokutanga mu floriculture pakati pekutanga uye inokurumidza kupararira michero yemiti ndiyo viola, iyo iriwo vanhu vane zita ranyoro rwepasies. Ichi chimiro chakasvibira uye chinokura zvinongotyamisa mafungiro nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana: kubva kuchena yakachena kusvika kune yakasviba nemhando dzose dzemhando dzvuku, dzvuku uye dzebhuruu. Vabereki vakawanda vanoita maruva vemazambiringa vanocherechedza kusakosha kwemuti uyu, asi, seimwe imwe yemiti, viola inoda ruzivo ruzivo rwekura nekutarisira, izvo zvinokubvumira kukudza kunaka kwayo kubva pakutanga kwegore kusvikira pakupera kwekupedzisira.
Viola - kudyara uye kutarisira
Viola chimiro chakanaka, uye naizvozvo zvakanakisisa kuzvisima munzvimbo idzodzo apo zuva rakawanda kwazvo. Ichokwadi, inofanira kuonekwa kuti maruva haasi akaipa zvakakwana kubvumira penumbra, asi munyaya iyi, maruva ayo anogona kunge ari maduku. Kana iri ivhu, loamy, yakanyorova, yakasununguka uye ivhu rakaorera rakanakisisa kune viola. Nguva yekudyara viola yakatemwa zvichienderana nekuti unoda kudii. Nokudaro, inogona kunge iri kuguma kwechando apo mbeu inodyarwa mumichero, kana kutanga kwezhizha pavanodzvarwa muvhu rakavhurika.
Kuchengetedza pasies hakusi nyore. Chinonyanya kukosha kwaari ndeyekugara kwenguva yakawanda uye yepamusoro yevhu, zvisinei kana muti wacho uchangobva kubuda. Zvisinei, kudiridza kwakanyanyisa kunokonzerawo viola, saka usakanganwa nezvekushambadza panguva yakakodzera uye kusunungura kwevhu, iyo inotanga kuwanika kwekuwedzerwa kweokisijeni kumidzi. Mukuwedzera, kuitira kuti mupe maruva akawanda uye mazhinji kwenguva refu, zvakakosha kubvisa maruva akapera munguva kubva mumiti.
Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti viola inopindura nenzira yakaoma kune yakaoma mineral fertilizer, asi zvachose haikwanisi kushivirira organic fertilizers. Kupfekedza kwepamusoro kunofanira kuitika zvakananga pasi pemudziro wemiti kamwechete pakutanga kwebhinzi uye yechipiri - pakutanga kwekuyerera. Muchiitiko chekuti viola yakasimwa munzvimbo yakazaruka muzhizha, uye panguva yechando inofanira kunge yakafukidzwa nemashizha kana mashizha akaomeswa, ayo achadzivirira midzi midzi yemiti yacho kubva pakusviba.
Kuberekwa kwe viola
Kukura iyi duva ndiyo nzira iri nyore mbeu mbeu. Kana iwe uchida kubuda mugore rokutanga, mbeu ye viola inofanira kudyarwa mumabhosi ekupera kwaFebruary - kutanga kwaMarch. Mabhokisi ane michero anofanira kuvharwa negirazi kana firimu ndokuisa munzvimbo inotonhora. Munguva yekusimudza nguva, mbeu inofanira kujekesa kudiridza kwakanyanya uye kuregererwa kwevhu nguva dzose. Mavhiki masere gare gare, mazamu okutanga acharatidzika, izvo zvino zvinoda kutambirwa pamakiromita anenge masikati masere. MunaMay-June, apo kutyisidzirwa kwechando chisati chapfuura, kuputika kwakasimwa munzvimbo yakazaruka kusvika kure 10-15 cm.
Kudyara mbeu ye viola muvhu rakavhurika inobereka munaJune neJuly, uye muna August muti unoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo. Muchiitiko ichi ruzha rwe viola ruchava rwegore rinotevera pakutanga kwechinyakare, asi varimi vakawanda vane ruzivo vanotaura kuti maererano nehuwandu hwekureba uye kusvibiswa kwemaruva, viola yakakura nenzira iyi inodarika vamwe vayo vanokura kubva kumichero.
Mukuwedzera, kubereka kwei viola kunokonzerwa nekuchera kwekudyara, zvisinei, maruva anowedzerwa zvakare uye anorasikirwa nemafungiro akasiyana. Uyezve kubereka kwe viola kunokwanisika nekuchekwa. Kuti uite izvi, pakupera kwaMay, ivhu rakasvibirira rakasimwa munzvimbo ine rima
Viola zvirwere
Mu viola nekuchengetwa kwakashata, zvinokwanisika kukudziridza zvirwere zvakadai segumbo rakasviba, stem uye root rot, downy mildew , mashizha machena, aphids . Zvisinei, izvi zvose zvinogona kudzivirirwa zvakachengeteka, kana iwe usingabvumiri mvura kuti iparadze pamidzi yemiti.