Mwoyo waFlorence ndiyo kereke huru yeGothic yeSanta Maria del Fiore (muSt. Maria's Flower Pass), imwe yezvivakwa zvekare uye zvakakurumbira munyika. Yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi13, asi zvakadaro pearl iyi yemapuranga inowedzera nekukura kwayo, kunaka nekugadzirwa kwakagadzirwa.
Chechi yeSanta Maria del Fiore: zvivako zvekuvaka
Dare rekereke rakagadzirwa pakutanga kuitira kuti vanhu vese vekuFlorence vauye kuzoshanda mairi, uye izvi zvinenge makumi mapfumbamwe nevanhu gumi panguva iyoyo. Ichi chinangwa chaive chichibudirira - kereke yepamusoro inzvimbo inenge yakavharwa. Kureba kweSanta Maria del Fiore kune mamita 90, kureba kwayo mamita 153 mamita.
Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha mukuvakwa kwechechi yepamusoro yaiva dome. Yakasikwa maererano neurongwa uye mifananidzo yeFilippo Brunelleschi. Zita rekereke yekare rinoshandurwa se "Mariya Mutsvene ane ruva" uye, zvechokwadi dome rakafanana nehukundu tulip flower. Iyo yakareba ye dome yakaita mamita makumi mana nemana-inodarika kubwinya kweSt. Peter's Cathedral yakakurumbira. Mukuwedzera, dome reSanta Maria del Fiore rine zvaro zvakasiyana-siyana: harina kukomberedza, asi rakasiyana. Muumbi wekugadzira akaiumba nenzira iyi, nekuda kwechirevo chinonakidza. Aka "dyara" dome ye 8 arches uye bhulogi pakati pavo uye akatarisana nechimiro chakadaro nechitinha. Kugadziriswa kwepakutanga kwechechi yepamusoro kunosvika mamita 91 uye kune mahombekombe maviri.
Nhoroondo yeDuomo yeSanta Maria del Fiore
Chivako ichi chakava sorudzi rwemiganhu pakati peMiddle Ages uye Renaissance. Duomo yakagadzirirwa panzvimbo yekereke yekare yeSanta Reparata, nenguva iyo yakamira kwemakore mazana mapfumbamwe uye yakatanga kuparara. Zvirongwa zveguta ndezvekuvaka kereke yakakura yakawanda. Mukuwedzera, maireya aida kuti kereke yekereke ivakwe muFlorence, iyo yaisazopfuura kwete chete chete asiwo kubwinya kwemakedheni eSiena nePisa. Mugadziri weSanta Maria del Fiore akasarudzwa Arnolfo di Cambio, asi kuvakwa kwakaitwa kwenguva yakareba, yakatsiviwa nevamwe 5 vakagadzira, kusanganisira Giotto. Zvakakosha kubhadhara mutero kune unyanzvi hwevakagadziri: muzana remakore rechi15, kereke yakanga isina vadzivisi kwete mumaguta aya anokwikwidzana, asi muEurope yose.
Ichechi yeRoma inonyatsozivikanwa kwete neyekuvakwa kwayo, asiwo kune dzimwe zviitiko zvezvakaitika kare. Somuenzaniso, yakanga iri mairi muzana remakore rechi15. akaedza kupikisa hama Lorenzo uye Giuliano Medici. Sezvazvakazozivikanwa gare gare, muvambi wemuedzo ndiye Papa Sixtus IV.
Pakati peKathedral of Maria del Fiore
Mukati kedhechira inofadza nehupfumi hwayo uye, panguva imwechete, nyasha. Chinhu chinonakidza chechechi ino ndiyo awa, miseve yadzo inodzokera kune imwe nzira inotungamirirwa. Masvingo echechi yepamusoro akanyorwa. Mune nyaya, unogona kudzidza mutauro weChirungu John Hawkwood, mutemenari kubva kuItaly Niccolo naTolentino, Dante asina kunyorwa uye zvikamu zve "Divine Comedy". Uyewo kereke yepamusoro yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yeA A. Skvarchalupi - organist, munyori, M. Ficino - nyanzvi yefilosofi, F. Brunelleschi - muumbi wekuvaka Santa Maria del Fiore, uyo akashanda pane dome. Uyu mugadziri, pamwe chete naGiotto anovigwa pano.
Santa Maria del Fiore: chimiro
Gothic inonyatsozivikanwa mukuvakwa kwezvinhu zvayo zvakajeka:
- Zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvitsvuku;
- akatema arches;
- frame inotsigira;
- ribbed arch;
- masvingo akaonda;
- mahwindo akavharidzirwa ane mahwindo-girazi mahwindo;
- dzakawanda dzakaparadzana uye dzakapinza zvishongo zvekushongedza.
Santa Maria del Fiore - imwe yemakereke makuru kwazvo munyika yose (inosanganisira Cologne Cathedral , Taj Mahal ). Zvakaoma kusaona uyo anouya kuFlorence. Asi zvakakosha kupinda mukati kuti uone kushanda kwemusitamende kunotaura nezvechechi yekare, kunakidza murals, ukuru hwechivakwa uye kuona Florence kubvira pakatarisa nzvimbo.
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